Sun Yatsen Memorial Hall

Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall is one of the most typical buildings in Guangzhou, and it is also an important place for large-scale gatherings and performances in Guangzhou. It witnessed many historical events in Guangzhou: in 1936, people from all walks of life in Guangzhou held a no smoking parade here; in September 1945, the Japanese invading army stationed in Guangzhou signed a contract here After the surrender and liberation of the people's Republic of China, every year various activities in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, important provincial and municipal gatherings and artistic performances were held here, such as education fund million trip, Guangzhou international collective wedding, commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Mao Zedong's birth, commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the long march of the Red Army, commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the victory of the Anti Japanese War and the world anti fascist war, and so on.

Sun Yatsen Memorial Hall

Zhongshan Memorial Hall is located in Dongfeng Middle Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. It was built by Guangzhou people and overseas Chinese to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat Sen.

The construction of Zhongshan Memorial Hall started in January 1929 and was completed in November 1931. In 1956, a 5-meter-high bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen stood in front of the memorial hall. In 1963, the memorial hall was renovated on a large scale. The roof was made of blue glazed tiles. Iron fences were added around the 60000 square meter Park, and many trees and flowers were planted in the park.

Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall is an octagonal building with strong national characteristics. The designer skillfully uses the structural principle of architectural mechanics, adopts the steel frame and reinforced concrete mixed structure, and does not set a column in the building space with a span of 71 meters.

Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall is a key cultural relic protection unit in Guangdong Province and the whole country. It is a memorial building built by Guangzhou people and overseas Chinese to commemorate Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of democratic revolution. It is designed by Mr. LV Yanzhi, a famous architect in China. It is a national AAAA tourist attraction.

Historical evolution

Historical development

The Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall was originally the presidential palace of Sun Yat Sen when he was a very big president in 1921. In 1922, when Chen Jiongming rebelled, it was razed to the ground by gunfire. It was organized by Li Jishen in 1928 and started in January 1929,

With the financial support of Chen Jitang, it was finally completed in October 1931. The overall layout adopts the traditional Chinese palace style and modern western graphic design techniques, and is designed by the famous architect LV Yanzhi. With a construction area of 3700 square meters and a height of 49 meters, the building is surrounded by four double eaves, Xieshan and Baoxia, and the arch supports the octagonal zanjian style huge roof in the center. White granite is the base and steps, light cyan marble is the skirting, cream yellow tile is the wall body, purple water mill column is covered with sapphire blue glazed tile top, which is very elegant and magnificent. Sun Yat Sen's hand "the world is for the public" four big words, powerful and powerful.

Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall is one of the most iconic buildings in Guangzhou and an important place for large-scale gatherings and performances in Guangzhou. It witnessed many historical events in Guangzhou: in 1936, people from all walks of life in Guangzhou held a no smoking parade here; in September 1945, the Japanese invading army stationed in Guangzhou signed its surrender here. After liberation, every year, various activities commemorating Dr. Sun Yat Sen, important provincial and municipal gatherings and cultural performances were held here, such as education fund million trip, Guangzhou international collective wedding, commemorating Mao Zedong's birthday The 100th anniversary of the birth of Zedong, the 60th anniversary of the long march of the Red Army, the 50th anniversary of the victory of the Anti Japanese War and the world anti fascist war, etc.

On the eve of liberation, the memorial hall was seriously damaged due to disrepair. After liberation, the people's government allocated special funds to repair and improve various facilities seven times from the early 1950s to 1988. In 1998, another 60 million yuan was allocated for a comprehensive overhaul of the memorial hall. The central air conditioning, lighting, sound and seats were replaced. The VIP room, dressing room and stage were rebuilt. The fire sprinkler system and security monitoring system were added. The statue of Zhongshan in front of the hall was cast with copper. The square and environment were further beautified.

People who built the Museum

Guangzhou Zhongshan Memorial Hall was built in memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen by Guangzhou people and overseas Chinese. Construction started in January 1929 and completed in November 1931. This was the former site of the presidential palace when Dr. Sun Yat Sen took up the post of interim president in Guangzhou in 1921. Zhongshan Memorial Hall is an octagonal palace building with a total construction area of more than 3700 square meters and a height of 49 meters. It is a famous architectural masterpiece in modern Guangzhou. In the hall, there is a nearly circular hall, 71 meters in diameter, divided into upper and lower floors, with more than 4700 seats. The designer uses four large columns (the columns are located in the surrounding walls) to support four large-span steel trusses, like an open umbrella, forming a huge arched roof. The arched roof holds up eight main trusses to form an octagonal pavilion. It was designed by architect Lu Yanzhi (1894-1929).

He also designed the Zhongshan Mausoleum in Nanjing and the Zhongshan monument on Yuexiu mountain in Guangzhou. He died young at the age of 35 and was unable to see the magnificent memorial hall designed by himself. In 1956, a 5-meter-high bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen stood in front of the memorial hall. In 1963, the memorial hall was renovated on a large scale, and the roof was made of blue glazed tiles. Iron fences were built around the 60000 square meter Park, and many trees and flowers were planted in the park. The memorial hall has become an important venue for gatherings and performances in Guangzhou. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government has spent huge sums of money seven times to repair the Zhongshan Memorial Hall and maintain the surrounding environment, making it more quiet and comfortable. It is a tourist attraction for Chinese and foreign tourists.

building structure

internal structure

The internal structure of the memorial hall is extremely strong, all of which are made of steel frame and reinforced concrete. The hall has a huge space. There are 4729 seats on the upper and lower floors in front of the stage, and there is no column in the middle. All of them are supported by eight big columns hidden between the walls, which can be called a masterpiece of architectural art.

In the hall, the lighting is transparent, the decoration is magnificent, and there are 11 doors, so it is convenient to get in and out. The stage is wide and can be used for large-scale conference and artistic performance. There are broad stone steps on three sides outside the hall. In front of the stone steps at the main entrance, there is a white granite platform, on which stands a bronze full-length statue of Sun Yat Sen, with emerald cypresses and flowers planted on both sides. For example, the square in front of the building is open and green, with a pair of granite sculptures of clouds and cranes standing in it, which is particularly majestic and solemn; the red cotton stands tall and the green banyan trees are in the shade, quiet and solemn. In front of the square is the round arch gate and the gate square with blue glazed tiles on the top of the hill. The whole Zhongshan Memorial Hall covers an area of 6 hectares.

External structure

Zhongshan Memorial Hall is a grand and magnificent octagonal palace building. The whole building area is about 3700 square meters and 49 meters high. It is composed of four palace style double eaves Xieshan buildings, which are like four layers of overlapping dragon ridges. The arch supports the huge octagonal cusp roof in the center. In the middle of the Xieshan mountain, there is a big painted gold plaque with blue background and red edge, on which there are four big characters in Sun Yat Sen's handwriting: "the world is for the public", powerful and powerful. Under the eaves of the front, there are eight large vermilion stone columns surrounded by three people inside and outside, and the ceiling with painted milled stone, rice bucket arch, flower beam and mosaic pattern is arched. The five huge rectangular hanging heavy ear inlaid glass bronze chandeliers, hanging in the middle of the high corridor, reflecting the carved red door, set off the hall more magnificent and antique.

The overall layout of the memorial hall is square, facing south from north, covering an area of 60000 square meters and a building area of about 4000 square meters. The main building of the memorial hall is the auditorium, which is 49 meters high. It is a palace style building with reinforced concrete structure. The upper part is the octagonal zanjian mountain top. Red pillars and yellow bricks lined with sapphire blue palladium glazed tile cover are magnificent and solemn. Around the beams and columns are decorated with colorful patterns of aristocratic style, resplendent and resplendent. Above the main entrance of the auditorium, there is a horizontal plaque with the word "the world is for the public", which was written by Sun Yat Sen. The architecture of the auditorium fully shows the high level of architecture in our country. There is no column in the auditorium. Eight columns supporting the roof are hidden in the wall, giving people a new, spacious and bright feeling. There are two floors of seats in the auditorium, which can hold 5000 people. The golden roof of the Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall is oval, 3.79 meters high, with the largest diameter of 4.075 meters. The surface of such a huge glittering golden roof is all inlaid with gold, which shares 36166 pieces of high-quality gold foil purchased from Hong Kong, equivalent to 0.92kg. In addition to Jinding, the plaque with the word "the world is for the public", the will of the premier, the outline of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the font of the foundation stone are all inlaid with gold foil.

The plan of Zhongshan Memorial Hall is slightly octagonal, with a construction area of 8700 square meters, plus the East-West annex building, backstage lounge and underground dressing room, with a total area of 12000 square meters.

The memorial hall is built on wooden pile foundation, steel frame and reinforced concrete structure. The octagonal hall is designed with a steel truss with a span of 30 meters, and the roof is integrated with eight rows of steel trusses. The four corner walls are reinforced concrete shear walls up to 50 cm thick to carry the full weight of the roof. The floor is cast with reinforced concrete. The roof is supported by four elliptical columns. large

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