San dao Guai ancient street

Sandaoguai ancient street

synonym

Sandaokui ancient street generally refers to sandaokui ancient street

Sandaoguai ancient street is a stone road built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Bank of the Yangtze River to Changshou City, with a total length of 2.5 km, from Hejie to the city

The street is built along the mountain, with three thousand stone stairs climbing up. The whole street is winding, with three sharp turns. People used to call it "three turns".

There are many historical sites and legends along the way. Ancient street Bayu city culture, folk culture, local religious culture, wharf culture and Three Gorges culture complement each other, taking the historical scene evolution as the main line, with simple style.

In 2013, Sandaoguai street was shortlisted in the top 15 "famous streets of Chinese history and culture".

structure

The name of Sandao Guai comes from the section of road from Hejie to the top of the mountain: "when climbing Sandao guai, you sweat, and your feet tremble." According to Changshou county annals, "Changshou District, located in the east of Chongqing, is a place of ancient civilization. Changshou is composed of two parts: the new city and the old city. The passageway connecting the new city and the old city is Sandaoguai and Heping Street, which are collectively referred to as Sandaoguai

. Sandaoguai and Heping Street are 2.5 kilometers long, with more than 3000 stone ladders. They are built close to the mountain, which is spectacular. " According to Zhao Wanmin, a professor from the school of architecture and urban planning of Chongqing University, SANDAOGUAN is the most complete Ming and Qing market building in Changshou District of the Three Gorges reservoir.

The main artistic feature of the three inverted turns is the architectural feature, which adapts to the situation according to the mountain and local conditions. First of all, it is a street paved with bluestone, which leads from Hejie to Fengcheng, which is natural and regular; second, the buildings on both sides are arranged in order along the bluestone street, which is uneven and orderly; third, there are many passageways in the middle of the buildings facing the street, and there are many small quadrangles and caves in the passageways.

There is a small patio in the Sandaoguai quadrangle. The upper hall has a beam lifting structure. There are three to five steps between the upper hall and the left and right wing rooms. The diagonal braces of the upper hall are mostly decorated with hollowed out decoration, and are matched with vivid carved beams and painted buildings, pavilions and window lattice. It is very interesting.

Scenery

Sandaoguai (including Heping Street) is about 2.5 km, with a drop of more than 200 meters and more than 5000 stone ladders. It is one of the longest ancient streets in China. Here you can have a bird's-eye view of the Yangtze River, Jiangnan, Guankou and huangcaoshan.

Changshou District, where Sandaoguai is located, has a subtropical monsoon climate. It is located on the North Bank of the Yangtze River. It is adjacent to the Yangtze River in the front, next to Hejie street, and national highway 319 passes by the Yangtze River. In the west is the longest cable Lane in the southwest, which was built in 1964. In the north, it is close to the urban area, the Confucian temple on the left and the martial temple on the right. It is next to the Grand Canyon of sandonggou City, the West Rock view waterfall, the Dragon tongue beam, the Dinghui temple and the white pagoda. Looking from afar with Huaiqing terrace, it forms its own cultural relic landscape group.

There are many scenic spots and cultural relics around Sandaoguai street. Sandaoguai is located in the main vein of Fengshan mountain. In front of it are "auspicious Bodhisattva" and "Taoyuan immortal family", one of the new "eight sceneries" of longevity. There are many cultural relics and historic sites along the way and nearby: turn right from Hejie and pass through the original text. There is a Confucian Temple (today's Fenger school) in the inner gate and a Kuixing building (today's Fenger school kindergarten) next to it. Out of Wuxiang gate, there are Jixiang Temple, wumiao temple, Longshen temple, Academy, Wenchang palace and so on. Turn left from Wuxiang gate and there is Zhuangyuan bridge above Tianhuan gate. In addition, there are also district level cultural relics protection units such as cliff tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, stone carvings of Shifo temple, Nanmen site of the Qing Dynasty, linzhuang school site, Taohua power station, 26 arsenal of the national government, etc.

history

According to the literature, Changshou county was originally located in Zhixian County, Bajun county. It was renamed Changshou County in the late Yuan Dynasty. The county is located in Hejie street, Fengcheng street, near the Yangtze River. Hejie is the political, cultural and economic center of Changshou county. Around the middle of the Ming Dynasty, back street and upper back street were built, which is the lower part of the three inverted turns. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Shi Kaiyu, the number one scholar in Jiangsu Province, went out from the Imperial Academy to guard Chongqing. He came to visit the governor. Because "Zhou visited Yuanxi, Xiangdu jueji, so he was close to the current and could not be built", he decided to move the county office to Fengcheng, the new office street in Fengshan. However, Hejie is still the center of economy and culture. In order to facilitate people's communication, three inverted turns were built to connect the upper and lower back streets.

Changshou county is composed of new town and old town. The passageway connecting the new town and old town is Sandaoguai and Heping Street, collectively referred to as Sandaoguai.

In 1944, there was a detailed description of Youhe street in Changshou county annals: "at that time, there were three turns, two Li in total, which were connected with Xinjie, Changle street, Xiahou street, shanghou street and shangyushi street. They were all connected with the main road from the city to Jiangan wharf." At that time, the population of Hejie was roughly the same as that of the city, and there were three turns between the two places. During the Anti Japanese War, Sandaoguai was the most prosperous area for longevity. The national industry was developed, with more than 100 flour mills, salt, tea and other shops. It provided Chongqing with a large number of food, vegetables, meat and other logistics support materials, and made a certain contribution to the victory of China's Anti Japanese War and the world's anti fascist war. There was a military temple in the middle of San Daoguai. During the Anti Japanese War, it used to be the 11th Army Hospital of the national government. It specially accepted soldiers who were wounded in the front line. Many of the wounded who came down from the front line settled down in San Daoguai after being cured. Some of them are still alive. It has become a popular leisure and fitness destination with a population of over 1000.

In the 1950s, the county people's government nationalized all the buildings, managed by the housing management department, and inhabited by urban residents. In the sixties and seventies of the last century, sandaokui street was very developed, and many people made a living on it. From the bottom of the mountain to the top of the mountain, there are pubs, cigarette factories, cloth shoes factories, senior prime minister's house, Sichuan Opera Theater and so on.

In the 1980s, China carried out the second national survey of cultural relics. For the first time, the three inverted crutches were investigated and protected. It was forbidden to demolish and transform them illegally. On December 25, 2001, with the approval of the State Council, Changshou county was divided into districts. After that, the Changshou District government made a tourism development plan for sandaogui, partially renovated the roads and houses of the old street, and installed street lamps and garbage cans.

In 2006, the Changshou District Construction Committee commissioned Chongqing University to carry out the renewal design of the protection of the three inverted crutches, which was supported by the Changshou District government. The protection of "three turns" has been put on the government's agenda. 　

humanity

artistic value

The overall layout of sandaogua is based on the situation of the mountain, and the local design is exquisite. The sandaogua reflects the characteristics of respecting the environment and reasonable structure. It is located at the confluence of Taohua River and Yangtze River. It is close to sandonggou gorge in the northeast. It is surrounded by green trees and secluded paths. You can see the water of Yangtze River rolling eastward and listen to the waterfall of sandonggou pouring down. There is a bluestone board with an opening in front of the door of the three inverted turning households, which is needed by the residents for drainage. The drainage system is extremely scientific. The water of siheyuan and single courtyard is drained to the drainage ditches on both sides of the street through underground channels. This principle is advanced. There are abundant intangible cultural heritage resources in Sandaoguai. For example, the production technology of Changshou blood tofu, which is listed in the municipal intangible cultural heritage list, other dragon dance and lion dance performances, suona playing, gongs and drums beating, lotus leaf storytelling, Sichuan Opera fighting and so on. Changshou county has 400 works of art in the categories of poetry, prose, story, painting, photography, film and television.

historical value

The building age of the three inverted turns is from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. All the buildings are mainly made of the structure of crossing the bucket, supplemented by the structure of lifting the beam, and the small green tile roof. The roof is a combination of the hanging mountain type and the Xie mountain type, which is simple and elegant. About 20% of these buildings need to be renovated, and the others are well protected, which is of great significance for cultural relics research and development. Liu Defeng, director of the new Bureau of culture, radio, film and television of Changshou District, believes that the three inverted turns are the epitome of the history of longevity, reflecting the rise and fall of longevity for hundreds of years. According to statistics, there are 64 ancient buildings with an area of more than 20000 square meters, all of which are from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. In terms of historical value, Sandaoguai was built in the Ming Dynasty, rebuilt and expanded in the Qing Dynasty, and the first half of it was built in the Republic of China. The three inverted crutches left behind the development process of Changshou national handicraft industry, witnessed the rise of Changshou democratic movement, recorded the contribution of Changshou during the Anti Japanese War, and were important material evidence for studying the modern history of Changshou.

Address: SANDAOGUAN, Changshou District, Chongqing

Longitude: 107.248486

Latitude: 29.925965

Chinese PinYin : San Dao Guai Gu Jie