Qingyi River

Qingyi River

Qingyi River is a tributary of Dadu River, a tributary of Minjiang River. Its main source is Baoxing river. It originates from shuxiying (4930 meters above sea level) between balang mountain and Jiajin mountain in Qionglai mountains. It flows through Baoxing and joins Tianquan River and Yingjing river at Feixianguan. It flows through Ya'an, Hongya and Jiajiang and joins Dadu River at caodiu of Leshan.

Before the Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, Qingyi River was called qingyishui, also known as moshui and dadushui. It was named after the Qiang state in Qingyi.

The basin is rich in historical and cultural heritage, with many cultural relics, such as Qianfoyan in Jiajiang River, and rich tourism resources. There are Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve, Shangli ancient town and other tourist attractions. The basin is rich in water resources, such as water diversion irrigation of Yuxi River, Guidufu hydropower station and other water conservancy facilities.

Business card picture: Qingyi River Canyon section

Name evolution

Although the Qingyi River is a tributary of the Dadu River, the ancient name of Qingyi River, Qingyi water, appeared in historical records earlier than the ancient name of Dadu River, moshui. Bamboo Annals: "in the 10th year of King Huicheng of Liang Dynasty, the people of Xiayang came and went from Qingyi water of daomin of Qin Dynasty." According to the different translation of Xianyang people who moved to Yang. That is, in 361 BC, Qiang people migrated to Yangyang and went out of Minshan Mountain by Qingyi water, passed through the state of Qin and came to the state of Wei. The name of moshui was first found in the records of the Historian: "Sima Changqing determined Xiyi West to foam, if water As for the name of Dadu water, it was first used in Qingyi water, and then used in foam water. This is because the Qingyi River Basin is located in the west corner of Sichuan Basin, close to Chengdu Plain and developed earlier. During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Qingyi River Basin was the south of Liangzhou. In the book of history, Yu Gong said: "Cai Meng's journey to Ping was to make contributions to Yi Di." Xianfeng version of tianquanzhou annals: "He Yi is the whole land." "Tianquanzhou water" Its near city a name and Sichuan. "Tongzhi" is called "He Yi Di Ji He Chuan Ye." The Ci Hai of the Republic of China: "he, the ancient place name of Yi, He Yi, the place where he Yi lived." It shows that the land of Liangzhou directly reaches Tianquan. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, "Duyu was the emperor, and Lingguan was the back door". The area went directly to Lushan and Baoxing. The Qiang Nationality in Qingyi belonged to Duyu Shu Kingdom. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed Shu, Yandao and Qingyi were the first to build counties. The names of qingyishui and Qingyi county all originated from the Qiang people in Qingyi at that time. Besides mengshanxi, dadushui and moshui, qingyishui is also called pingqiangjiang River and Qiangjiang river.

General situation of main stream

Qingyi River originates from the south foot of balang mountain in the northeast of Baoxing county. The upper part of the river is called Donghe River, which flows to the north of Baoxing county. It is called Baoxing River after converging with Xihe River. It flows to Lushan and near Feixianguan on the border of Tianquan County and converges with Tianquan River and Yingjing river before it is called Qingyi River. To the southeast, it receives Zhougong River in Ya'an, Huaxi River in Hongya, and flows into Dadu River near Leshan by crossing Jiajiang river. The river is 276 km long with a drainage area of 13300 square kilometers (about 289 km long with a drainage area of 12897 square kilometers)

）It is the largest tributary of the lower reaches of Dadu River. The upper reaches of the main stream run through high mountains and valleys with a gradient of 12.4/1000. The lower part is the middle and lower reaches of the river, which is circuitous in the low mountains and hills. The water surface is widened, and there are many branches and sandbars in the river. The gradient of the river is 1.90/1000 from Feixianguan to the middle reaches of Hongya. 87 / 1000.

The Qingyi River estuary is 360 meters above sea level, with an average annual discharge of 542.74 cubic meters per second, a drop of 3820 meters, and a theoretical water energy reserve of 2.0299 million kilowatts. The total theoretical water energy reserves of the main and tributaries are 5.15065 million kilowatts.

Upstream section

The origin of Qingyi River is similar to the misunderstanding of "Min mountain leading the river". "Mengshan River, Dadu River, to Nan'an people in the East {ya." In ancient times, the mountains to the West and north of today's Mengshan Mountain were collectively called Mengshan, so the Qingyi River became a multi-source river. Xianfeng version of tianquanzhouzhi: "Tianquanhe river is the upper stream of pingqiang, and shuijingzhu is called Qingyi water." It is proposed that the Tianquan River should be the main source of the Qingyi River, and the Republic of China Version of Lushan county annals: "Qingyi River is Qingyuan River, a Dadu River The source of Qingyuan river is the cover. " It is proposed that Qingyuan river is the main source of Qingyi River, and the old records of Mingshan County refer to Mingshan River as the main source of Qingyi River because Mingshan River originated in Mengshan. In fact, these statements are not scientifically verified; they only know the mistakes caused by quoting classics. According to the principle of "the source of the river is far away", the main source of Qingyi River should be the East River of Baoxing River (the upper source of Baoxing River). All the above-mentioned main sources are tributaries of Qingyi River.

Qingyi River originates from the southwest of xiangyangpingyakou (4180m) on the south side of shuxiying (4930m) in the southern part of Qionglai mountains in Baoxing County, Sichuan Province, with an altitude of 3201m. The uppermost source is sandaopinggou. To the southwest, it is called maozaogou after liangzigou and yintaizigou. Then to the southwest, after nadafanggou, dachanggou, borigou and xinzhaizigou, it turns to nanawasgou, liangshuijinggou and toudaoqiaogou, and is called Donghe after Qiaoqi Tibetan township government stationed in nakarigou (garigou). (Qiaoqi reservoir is built) this section of the river is about 34 km long, which is a typical juvenile reach. Although there are high mountains and valleys on both sides of the river, the river bed is not cut deep, and there are many stones in the river bed that pass through the flood period, which can not become chamfered pebbles or sand particles. In Qiaoqi Tibetan Township, the tributaries flowing into Donghe River are liuluogou on the left bank and nibagou on the right bank.

In the east of Henan Province, it turns southeast after going down to matangzigou and passes through the mouth of guaBA gully to Baiyu village, where Baiyu gully, a world-famous white marble producing area, is located. After crossing the Donghe river at the mouth of the gully, you will enter the territory of Yanjing township. Behind nahuangdianzigou, deshenggou and Wangjiagou on both sides is qingshangou, where the giant panda protection unit Fengtongzhai is located. From the south of Fengtongzhai to nadashuigou, Mozigou and happy gully is yanjingping, the residence of Yanjing township government. On the other side is dengchigou, the world's first type specimen of giant panda. From below the mouth of dengchigou, the East River turns to the southwest. At nadachigou, the residence of Minzhi township government, and at Lianghekou of Muping town via Dama village, the river is renamed Baoxing river.

Donghe river is 51 kilometers long from Qiaoqi to Lianghekou. The river begins to cut down, with high mountains and deep valleys on both sides, lush trees, marble and slate everywhere in the exposed cliffs. Dabanqiao, which blocks the entrance of bagoukou, is rated as "natural picture screen" and is known as "xiaohuangshan".

Baoxing river flows southward from Lianghekou, through lengmugoukou, Muping Town, the residence of Baoxing county government, flows southwest to xiaoyuxikou, turns southeast, and flows behind nadayuxigou in nadacapinggou, Xiaoguanzi, Zhongba township. The river section from Lianghekou to Xiaoguanzi is about 12 km long, which cuts across Baoxing anticline and forms Xiajiang landscape. The river channel is deep, the wall is cut thousands of feet, and there are pebbles and sand grains in the riverbed. Below Xiaoguanzi, the valley gradually widens, with the widest point reaching 1.2 km. Kuangu is about 10 kilometers long (known as Lingguang River) from Zhongba Township and Lingguan town to Daxi township. It has tributaries such as nadagou, Zhongba gully, Dayu gully and Modaoxi on both sides. The alluvial fan at the mouth of the gully connects with the flood plain on both sides, becoming a developed agricultural area in Baoxing county.

Below Daxi Township, Baoxing River enters Lingshan gorge, which is the boundary of three counties, and the stratum turns into Lushan fold fault bundle sedimentary rock area. Lingshan gorge is the karst landform of lingjiu mountain carved by Baoxing river. This is the unique spectacle of "the mountains are closed and the water is open" in Huayang annals. When the sun shines in the sky, the golden waves in the gorge shine, reflecting the dangerous rocks, so it is also known as the golden wave rock. The gorge is about 10 kilometers long. Tongtouchang, Lushan County, is where gaojiazui turns to the East. Therefore, Lingshan gorge is also known as tongtouxia. On the top of gaojiazui mountain, there is the head of the site of Kaiming ancient city, which is the record of Huayang state: when the emperor attacked Qingyi, the emperor built the city. Baoxing river flows eastward for about 4 km and then turns southward to reach the bow shaped reach of Sanjiangkou. Liangyan is an alluvial fan with an area of about 20 square kilometers after the outlet of Lingshan gorge, which is called siyanba. This section of river is locally called siyanhe. Sanjiangkou is located at the junction of Siyan Township in Lushan County and Xinhua Township in Tianquan County. It is the estuary of Lushan River (in Lushan County), LAOCHANG River (in Tianquan County) and Baoxing river.

Most of the river from Sanjiangkou to Feixianguan is the boundary river between Tianquan County and Lushan County. This section of river is called Lushan River in Lushan County and Baoxing River in Tianquan County. "Shuijingzhu" quoted "Huayang Guozhi" as saying: "the two rivers in the east of Qingyi County of Hanjia combine to form a river, which is also called Qingyi water from the bottom." It seems that this section of the river had the name of Qingyi water in ancient times, and now the name of Qingyi River should start from Sanjiangkou.

However, it is customary to call the main stream of Qingyi River after the Yingjing River (which is called Tianquan River according to some data due to the sequence of its main and tributaries) on the west side of Feixian pass.

On the left bank of the river, there are many gullies flowing down from luochun mountain, the larger one is longchigou, and on the right bank is Luodai River from the east of Tianquan County.

Baoxing River (Qingyi River) flows to Feixianguan to accept Tianquan River (first converging with Yingjing River) and then turns southeast to Duogong gorge. This is the beginning of the main stream of Qingyi River.

It is said that Xiayu made the most contributions to water control here, because he was named after him. Here, the estuary cuts across the southern end of the luochunshan anticline, and the gorge is 8 km long. The cliffs on both sides of the Strait have never been seen since midnight. In ancient times, only the plank road was connected with Ya'an, and the entrance was built to defend, which was named Feixian pass. On the same day of the pass, at the junction of Lu and Ya counties, there is a famous saying in the ode to the new road written by Yu Wenpu of the Song Dynasty: "only heaven is the most dangerous, and there is a strict way to leak the pavilion.".

The main stream from the source to Feixianguan is 147km long, with a gradient of 24.4 per thousand, belonging to the upper reaches of Qingyi River. The water system on both sides of the river includes four counties of Kangbao, Lu, Tian and Xing, with a catchment area of 8786 square kilometers, accounting for 66.8% of the total basin area of Qingyi River

Chinese PinYin : Qing Yi Jiang