County Government of Mi County

County Government of Mi County

Mi County (now Xinmi City) is located 43 kilometers southwest of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province.

The county government is surrounded by hills and hills, and the mountains are as long as the hall. In ancient times, it was called the Olympic area of Zhongzhou. It was a place that emperors of all dynasties had to fight for when they came to control the Central Plains. It has a long history and splendid culture. After 1400 years of vicissitudes, it has been the political, economic and cultural center of bailimi county.

The location of the ancient county yamen was originally named faqiaobao. It was moved here by dongdakei of Mi County in Sui Dynasty. Sitting in the center of yuanmi County, north of Kaiyang and Qingping mountains, south of Qinshui and shehui of sheshui, the land is more than 2500 square meters wide. It is a grand state government office with scattered halls and terraces, numerous houses.

Starting years

The ancient county yamen of Mi County was built in 616 A.D. in the 12th year of Daye of Sui Dynasty. It has been through Sui, Tang, song, yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China. It has a history of 1400 years. It is the longest existing official Yamen in China. Among them, the prison in the Yamen office has been used for generations until 2003. Experts say that the prison is the most used, which is a miracle in China and even in the world! Therefore, it is known as "the first Yamen in China" in the cultural heritage circle. The county government had been renovated many times in the past dynasties, but it was destroyed in the war of Yuan Dynasty. In the third year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty, Feng Wanjin, the magistrate of the county, rebuilt the old site and arranged it from south to north along the central axis to form a five entrance courtyard. There are bell and Drum Tower, screen wall, gate, lotus pond, Yimen, jieshifang, platform, rolling shed, lobby, second hall, third hall, daxianlou, back garden, East and West Flower hall on the central axis, basically maintaining the original pattern of the ancient government office. The layout of the whole building is reasonable, well arranged and well structured, which embodies the solemn and solemn manner of the ancient government. On June 8, 2006, the people's Government of Henan Province announced that the ancient county yamen of Mi County was the fourth batch of provincial cultural relics protection units. Mi County began in the spring and Autumn period, formed in the Warring States period, custom-made in the Qin Dynasty, county government is the basic administrative organ of feudal society. "The people are not governed by the government, the government is not promoted by the government, and the government is not established by the government.". It is inevitable that there will be a county magistrate, and a county magistrate will have a yamen office to administer affairs. The county yamen was called "County Office" in Han Dynasty, yamen was called "yamen" from Tang and Song Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, and was abolished in the Republic of China.

The building of the county government is built according to the level regulations, and must follow the principle of Jucheng Zhengxue, with the north facing south, the left Wenyou, the right Wushi, the front hall and the back house. From the Sui Dynasty to the end of the Republic of China, there were 194 county officials in the ancient county yamen of Xinmi. The deeds of 38 honest officials who were dedicated to serving the people were recorded one by one. 155 mediocre officials and one corrupt official were also listed in the lobby.

Basic introduction

Double dragon stele

The Shuanglong monument was erected by zhongkunhua, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, when the county government was rebuilt. It has a history of more than 300 years. After the large-scale renovation of zhongkunhua, the magistrate of the county government of Mi County, the hall steps are bright and wide, and the facilities are complete, which are praised by later generations. On the east side of the gate of the county yamen, there is a sign of Shuanglong monument which has been granted by the emperor. In general, the Yamen of the county yamen is not allowed to have the Dragon logo. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, the county yamen of Mi County was once Mizhou, which belongs to the state Yamen. The first magistrate Zhuo Mao was granted by the emperor and was granted the title of "Baode Hou". Only then can the county yamen of Mi County build the Shuanglong monument, and a roll shed be built in front of the hall, which shows the status of the two systems.

County Gate

The front gate of the county yamen is three wide. In the Ming Dynasty, it is the corridor of the corridor. In the first half of the east end, there is a "Shouyuan drum", which is specially used for the common people to beat the drum and complain. It was set up by Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty, and spread for more than 2000 years. Until the end of the Qing Dynasty, it has been an important means for feudal officials to observe the people's situation. After the drum was played, the officers on duty at the gate had to ask the reason and report to the magistrate for trial. There is a rule that a person who calls for injustice can only beat the drum three times at a time. If he beats the drum disorderly, he will be punished first and then tried.

There is a couplet on the gate: "there has always been no omission of innocence. Since ancient times, there have been consequences for corruption.". The meaning is: an official should be upright and think for the common people. Therefore, every merit of him will be remembered by the common people forever. If he is a corrupt official or a stupid official, no matter how bad his deeds are, the common people will see it clearly. They will never forgive him or come to a good end.

Gate pier

The gate pier is 70 cm high, 85 cm wide, 40 cm thick, and weighs about 800 kg. There are exquisite patterns carved in the middle. This pair of giant gate piers is a precious cultural relic of the county government. What's more interesting is that it also has a beautiful story. It is said that when the county government was built, due to the inconvenience of transportation, the two giant gate piers were picked by a big man. The big man is eight feet tall and can eat two chopsticks for a meal The thick steamed bun is very powerful and is called sang Dahan. This pair of gate piers was picked up by him with the purlin of the building. Up to now, there is still a popular story that sang Dahan picked up the gate piers. The upper corner of the gate pier has worn 6 cm.

Shuanglianchi

Lianchi is the most special building of the county government in Mi County, and it is also the only known county government with Lianchi in the Central Plains.

Inside the gate, the lotus pool is located on both sides of the gate corridor (between the two pools is the corridor). There is a three hole Shiquan bridge under the corridor. The left and right pools are connected by double bridges. The lotus pool is 3 meters deep and can be seen in all seasons. On the one hand, it means that the county government is a clean and honest place. On the other hand, it reminds the officials here to be clean and honest. Lianchi has the meaning of "honesty and shame".

secondary gate to an official residence

The ceremony gate is the etiquette gate of the county government. It can't be opened at ordinary times. It can only be opened on the first day of a new official's arrival or when a senior official arrives. It also stipulates that "civil servants get off the sedan chair and military officers get off the horse". In addition, if the county government holds major celebrations or tries major cases in public, the ceremony gate should also be opened, so that the people can come in and watch or listen in front of the hall.

Yimen couplet: the first couplet is "the country is upright, the heaven is in good faith", the second couplet is "the government is clean, the people are safe", which means that the policies and decrees formulated by the state are in good faith with the people, and the country can naturally prosper and be peaceful. Officials at all levels can be honest and self disciplined, with clear rewards and punishments. They can serve as officials, benefit one party, and make the people live and work in peace and contentment.

There are two gates on both sides of the Yi gate. The east gate is called "living gate" or "human gate". In ancient times, it is a gate for people to go in and out of daily life. The west gate is called "dead gate" or "ghost gate". It usually can't be closed. The way executed criminals walk is to pull out from this gate for execution. Going out of the west gate is the legal position for the execution of death penalty criminals in ancient times. According to the traditional theory of yin and Yang, the east of sunrise belongs to Yang, and the west of sunset belongs to Yin. After death, people are reincarnated in the West or go to hell.

Jieshifang

"Jieshifang" is engraved with three big characters "gongshengming" in miannan, which means that only by punishing Gongxin can we see the truth of the matter clearly. It was initiated by Zhao Kuangyin in the Northern Song Dynasty. Face north engraved 16 big words "Er Feng ER Lu, people's plasters, people easy to abuse, God hard to deceive." It is the Southern Song Dynasty Emperor Gaozong's edict that the prefectures, governments and counties should be engraved in front of the hall. It can be seen when county officials handle government affairs to warn them to do things impartially. If they bend the law for personal gain, it is not natural for them to do so. It requires officials to take care of the people and not be corrupt officials. In the early Qing Dynasty, the stone tablet was changed into a memorial archway, commonly known as "Jieshi archway".

Lobby

The main hall is the second entrance courtyard of the county government. The buildings on the east side are officials, households and ceremonial rooms, while the buildings on the west side are soldiers, criminals and workshops. They are the specific office of the yamen, respectively in charge of the county's political affairs, criminal, civil, financial, agricultural, transportation, culture and education and other administrative affairs. In Liufang, there are only two or three clerks. There are less than 20 clerks in Liufang. Most of them are talents under the imperial examination system. They are familiar with the criminal law, proficient in laws and regulations, especially good at dealing with the internal affairs of the Yamen. They can even empty the county and bend the law.

Li Fang

Li Fang is equivalent to the present organization and personnel department. In ancient times, Li Fang was in charge of the promotion and compensation of the county officials, the appointment certificate and the origin, composition and post of the county officials.

Hufang

Hufang is now equivalent to the civil affairs, finance, taxation, land and other departments. Hufang is in charge of the county's civil affairs, finance, taxation, land, taxation, food, disaster relief and other matters.

Gift room

The gift room is equivalent to our present propaganda, education, culture and other departments. The ritual room used to be in charge of education, school, county examination, etiquette, sacrifice, culture, festivals and other matters of the whole county.

Barracks

The military room is equivalent to the current Department of people and military. In the old days, the army room was mainly in charge of the county's recruitment of soldiers, horses, training of Ding Zhuang, examination of martial arts, upward transportation of soldiers, urban defense and other matters.

torture chamber

The penalty room is equivalent to the Department of public security, procuratorate, law enforcement, Department of justice and so on. The main purpose of the criminal room is to assist the county magistrate in accepting cases, solving cases, investigating and compiling, filling in autopsy reports, recording Court Affairs, writing documents, and managing the prison.

Workshop

Workshop is equivalent to the present urban construction, water conservancy, transportation and other departments. The workshop is mainly in charge of the construction, water conservancy, government office, city, warehouse, bridge, ancestral temple, silver foundry, firearms and other projects of the whole county. There are Chengfa room, storeroom and teahouse in the East and west of the lobby, which are also called Jiufang. After liberation, because of the need at that time, the people's Government of Mi County demolished and rebuilt the six houses.

main room

The hall is a main building on the central axis of the county government. The hall is the place where the magistrate hears criminals in public, holds important ceremonies and issues decrees. Da Tang Tang of Mi County is known as "Mu AI Tang". In ancient times, state officials called "Mu" and county officials called "Zai", which means loving the people. This hall was named zhongkunhua during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. There is a couplet in front of the hall. The first couplet reads: "deceiving people is like deceiving heaven, so don't deceive each other

Chinese PinYin : Mi Xian Xian Ya