Hulaoguan

Hulaoguan

Hulao pass, also known as Sishui pass, Chenggao pass and Gugu pass, is the eastern gateway and important pass of Luoyang in Ancient Kyoto. It is located in Sishui Town, 16 kilometers northwest of Xingyang City, Henan Province. Hulaoguan, as the east gate and important pass of Luoyang, was named after the tiger prison of King Mu of Zhou. This pass is adjacent to Songyue mountain in the South and the Yellow River in the north. The mountains crisscross, making it a natural danger. It has the potential of "one man is in charge of the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open it", and it is a place that must be contested by military strategists of all dynasties.

geographical position

Hulaoguan is an ancient Chenggao county. In 598 ad, it was changed into Sishui County in Sui Dynasty, and it was called sishuiguan after Tang Dynasty. Also known as tiger pass, Wulao pass, Chenggao pass and Gugu pass, it is located in Sishui Town, 18 kilometers northwest of Xingyang City, Henan Province. It is said that King Mu of Zhou once raised the tiger here. According to the biography of Mu Tianzi, the emperor hunted in Zheng, the tiger was in Jia, the seven elites captured him and offered him, and ordered him to save his life in Dongguo, which is called Hulao.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hulao was under the jurisdiction of the state of Zheng. In the fifth year of Lu Yin Gong (719 BC), Zheng defeated Yan's master in Hulao. In the 21th year of Duke Zhuang of Lu (672 BC), the Zhou royal family broke out the "rebellion of Zi decadence", King Hui of Zhou was restored, and Zheng was granted a place east of Hulao for his meritorious service. In the second year of Lu Xianggong (570 BC), Jin occupied Hulao. In the second year of Han AI Hou (376 BC), Korea destroyed Zheng by Hulao. In the first year of emperor Zhuangxiang of Qin Dynasty (249 BC), he sent Meng Ao to attack Han and Han Xiancheng to Gao.

The Qin Dynasty set up Guan and the Han Dynasty set up county, and all the later feudal dynasties set up defense here. Hulaoguan is adjacent to Songyue mountain in the South and the Yellow River in the north. It is a natural danger with crisscross mountains. There is a great potential for one man to be in charge of the pass and ten thousand people to be out of the way. It is a place that must be contested by military strategists of all dynasties,

The scenic spot has attracted many domestic and foreign tourists. In history, many military activities took place here. In the spring and Autumn period, in the fifth year of Lu Yin Gong (718 BC), Yan Shi was defeated here. During the Warring States period, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei garrisoned hulaoguan to confront Qin. When the Chu and Han Dynasties fought for hegemony (203 BC), Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the city to win the pass. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin fought against Dou Jiande and song Jianyan. In 1128, Yue Fei defeated the Jin soldiers in zhuludu. Until the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, hulaoguan was still in a fierce battle. Hulaoguan is an ancient battlefield in history, and the emperor's struggle for territory has left many historical sites for people to see.

Hulaoguan has begun to plan and build a scenic area. The road of hulaoguan has been rebuilt and widened, the Sanyi Temple (Guanyu's Temple) has been expanded, the Jiangtai (used by Lu Bu in those years) has been renovated, and there are many cruise ships (for tourists) and catering ships (for food) at the Yellow River Ferry.

Historical evolution

Before Hulao pass, Dong Zhuo's army fought with the princes of the Three Kingdoms. From Xingyang Sishui town westbound, across the Sishui River, that is hulaoguan. This is the layout of hulaoguan in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Wang Xiaosheng, a villager of hulaoguan village, still remembers the structure of hulaoguan in this period: the majestic gate and wall stand towering, one man is the gate, and ten thousand people can't open it; to the west of the gate is Sanyi temple, which was built to remember Liu, Guan, Zhang Sanying and Lv Bu. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, hulaoguan passed away, but its layout and remains are still in existence. They remain in the historical romance of the war between the Three Great Britain and Lu Bu, which is the real battlefield of the war. In fact, the layout of hulaoguan in Ming and Qing Dynasties is not the layout of hulaoguan in the Three Kingdoms period. To wash away the powder of the "Three Kingdoms", hulaoguan has its own immortal historical light. However, for a long time, the historical light of hulaoguan has been covered by the historical romance of the Three Kingdoms. Although the romance of the Three Kingdoms made hulaoguan famous in the world, it also destroyed the historical reality of hulaoguan.

After the founding of new China, Guanmen, Guanqiang and Sanyi temple were destroyed, and the ancient steles in Sanyi temple were pulled to Sipu bridge on Sishui river. Now, most of the steles are destroyed, and they are pulled back to the newly built Sanyi temple. The inscriptions on them are vague and the historical memory is unclear. Only an ancient stele in front of Sanyi temple remains the old image of hulaoguan in Ming and Qing Dynasties: this ancient stele was carved in the ninth year of Yongzheng reign (1731 AD), and it is high About 2 meters, about 0.7 meters wide, the upper part has been broken, regular script "hulaoguan" three characters, vigorous and powerful. This is the only imprint of hulaoguan in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Out of the shadow of the "Three Kingdoms", hulaoguan's face is indistinct. The name of hulaoguan originated from the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to the records in shuijingzhu · hehe, King Mu of Zhou Dynasty, Ji man was hunting in Pu Tianze. When he ordered his followers to rob the forest and frighten the animals, he suddenly saw a tiger wandering among the reeds. "The son of heaven is coming. Gao benrong, a scholar of the seven elites, gave his life to the son of heaven to catch the tiger. He ordered him to be a cudgel and the East Guo of the animal, which is called Hulao. However, the name of tiger dungeon has been changed since then. Qin thought that Guan, hannai county.

Before King Mu of Zhou Dynasty named "huohu", Sishui was the fief of Guozhong, the younger brother of King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, and was known as Dongguo in history. Because of this, there was the saying of "Hulao". The name of Hulao was not unchangeable, but changed with the change of dynasties. Since the Qin Dynasty, it began to set up a pass in Hulao, named Hulao pass. Gaoguan was set up in the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and xuanmenguan was set up in the first year of Zhongping, Emperor Lingdi in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Wei and Jin Dynasties were called huangmaguan. In Sui Dynasty, jindiguan was set up. In the third year of Taining in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhao Zhu Shihu taboo tiger as Wu. In the Tang Dynasty, he avoided the taboo of Li Yuan's grandfather and changed tiger to Wu. He called hulaoguan wulaoguan. In the fourth year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhenzong took Hulao pass as "the pivot of Yuguan" and "the key point of Dingyi", and changed the imperial edict to Xingqing pass. In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Hulao pass was changed into Gu Gu pass. From late Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, hulaoguan was restored. Because in the west of Sishui, it is sometimes called Sishui pass. Although the names of these gateways changed, their location was roughly in the "Hulao". As a geographical concept, "Hulao" covers a wide range of areas around Sishui town. Hulao city was also built here in the spring and Autumn period, and there may not be only one gateway in a certain period.

Hulaoguan, also known as sishuiguan, is located in Sishui Town, 16 kilometers northwest of Xingyang City, Henan Province. It is named after the place where King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty lived. Here, the Qin Dynasty set up the Guan and the Han Dynasty set up the county, and all the later feudal dynasties set up defenses here. Hulaoguan is adjacent to Songyue mountain in the South and the Yellow River in the north. It is a natural danger with crisscross mountains. It was a place for military strategists in the past dynasties to fight for, especially in the three British wars against Lu Bu.

In history, many military activities took place here. In the fifth year of Lu Yin Gong (718 BC), Zheng defeated Yan Shi here. In the second year of Duke Lu Xianggong (571 BC), the princes of the Jin Dynasty began to build a city here with the strategy of Meng Xianzi "inviting the city and tiger prison to force Zheng". When the Chu and Han Dynasties fought for hegemony (203 BC), Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for the city to win the pass. Li Shimin in Tang Dynasty fought Dou Jiande and Yue Fei in Song Dynasty defeated Jin soldiers in zhuludu. Until the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, hulaoguan was still in a fierce battle.

Hulaoguan is an ancient battlefield in history, and the emperor's struggle for territory has left us a lot of historical sites for us to see. Hulaoguan tourist area is located in Sishui Town, 16 kilometers northwest of the city,

Two major battles

Because of the influence of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, people remember the fictional war between the three British and Lu Bu, the hulaoguan with only the history of the Three Kingdoms, but forget the past glory of hulaoguan, the existence of Chenggao City, and those real historical wars. In hulaoguan and Chenggao City, there are dozens of famous wars in history, the most famous of which are the Chenggao war between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu and the Wulao war between Li Shimin and Dou Jiande.

The battle of Chenggao

Han Zhaoqi, a professor of Beijing Normal University, once said during his inspection of the old city of Chenggao that the old city of Chenggao recorded the specific topography of the Chu Han war and was the core of the confrontation between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu. In fact, in the biography of Liu Jing and Shu sun Tong in historical records, it is recorded that "(Liu Bang) and Xiang Yu fought against Xingyang and Chenggao, fought against 70 and fought against 40". This also shows the importance of Chenggao city to both sides. Liu Bang's victory lies in the realization of the significance of seizing and defending Chenggao: at first, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu formed a confrontation in Xingyang. Liu Bang was in a weak position and was trapped in the city of Xingyang. The main force of Xiang Yu cut off the grain road, so he had to let general Jixin pretend to surrender himself, while he fled to Chenggao city and went north from chenggaodu River to cultivate martial arts. After seizing Hanxin's military power, he crossed the river to capture Chenggao. By using the method of agitation, Xiang Yu's general Cao Jiu was driven out of the city war, and Chenggao city was won. Since then, he has been occupying Chenggao city and dealing with Xiang Yu. The success and failure of Cheng Gao became the turning point of the Chu Han war, and Liu Bang finally forced Xiang Yu to commit suicide.

The battle of Wulao

Another famous war is the battle of wulaoguan (wulaoguan is wulaoguan, Li Shimin's grandfather was named Hu. In Tang Dynasty, Hu Laoguan was changed to wulaoguan to avoid taboo). In July 620, Li Shimin led his army to attack Zheng emperor Shichong in Luoyang. Wang Shichong asked Dou Jiande, the Xia emperor who occupied Hebei Province, for help. Dou led 300000 troops to capture Guancheng (today's Zhengzhou) and advance to niukou (today's Niukouyu in Xingyang). Li Shimin was well aware of the importance of the wulaoguan pass. He led 3500 people to occupy the wulaoguan pass quickly to prevent Dou Jiande from entering the West and cut off the contact between Dou and Wang Shichong. Li Shimin closed the door and fought a war of attrition with Dou Jiande. He quietly sent an army to cut off Dou's food and grass. Then he herded his horse on the North Bank of the Yellow River, pretending that there was no food and grass left, and lured Dou's army to launch a final attack. As expected, Dou Jiande was deceived and set up a battle for more than 20 Li on the East Bank of Sishui to fight the Tang army. Unexpectedly, Li Shimin kept his army in the dark. When Dou Jun was exhausted and frustrated, he killed him off guard and finally captured Dou Jiande alive, which was the foundation of the Tang Dynasty

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