Cuandixia

·Cuandixia village has a history of more than 400 years. There are more than 70 courtyard houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The famous film "toumingju" was shot here.

·The old buildings in the village can be visited, such as the house of the rich, Wudao temple, Guandi temple, etc. The viewing platform on the hillside of Jinchan mountain opposite to the village is a good place for large photography.

·Nowadays, there are a lot of farmhouse entertainment in the village. On weekends, you can experience the rural life of sleeping on the hot Kang and eating farmhouse food, and there are a line of scenic spots beside the village that you can visit together.

·The accommodation conditions here are general, and there are a lot of tourists on holidays, so the price will be increased. It is suggested to book in advance on holidays.

Cuandixia Village

synonym

Cuandixia generally refers to Cuandixia village

Cuandixia village, also known as chuanxiaxia village, is a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing. It is located in the middle of the northwest narrow valley of Zhaitang town, West Beijing, 90 kilometers away from Beijing, 650 meters above sea level, and covers an area of 5.33 square kilometers.

Cuandixia village is built in accordance with the mountain, the situation and the height. Taking the back head of the village as the center and the north and South as the axis, the whole village is fan-shaped on both sides. There are 74 sets and 689 houses in Qing Dynasty. The village is separated by a 200 meter long arc-shaped wall with the highest height of 20 meters. In front of the village is surrounded by a 170 meter long bow shaped wall, which makes the whole village more concentrated. These ancient residential buildings are valuable historical relics and play an important role in the study of the history of Chinese residential buildings.

On December 17, 2012, Cuandixia village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Village history

Cuandixia village was built in Ming Dynasty and followed Ming system in Qing Dynasty.

During the Yongle period (1403-1424) of the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of the village moved from Shanxi to Beijing, and established this place where the Han family lived.

In the tenth year of Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1515), Han Fujin, Han Fuyin, and Han Fucang, the first ancestors of Cuandixia village, were ordered to guard the pass from Yanhe city to cualikou. They gradually multiplied and developed, forming the Cuandixia village where the Han family lived together.

In 1519, the ancient post road was built in Zhengde of Ming Dynasty. Since then, it has gradually developed into an important post station for merchants in the past and formed an ancient village settlement.

In 1876, the village of Cuandixia was under the control of qijiasi in Wanping County, and the soldiers were transferred to the army for the people.

During the Anti Japanese War, the Anti Japanese democratic government of Wanping County moved to Cuandixia village.

geographical environment

Location context

Cuandixia village is located in Zhaitang town, Mentougou District, Beijing, 90 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. Located in the middle of the northwest narrow valley of xizhaitang in Beijing, the village covers an area of 5.33 square kilometers.

topographic features

Cuandixia village is located in the deep valley of Taihang Mountains,

 

650 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains on all sides, below which is a natural pass. The rift valley is more than 100 meters long, which can be called natural danger.

climate

Cuandixia village belongs to temperate monsoon climate, with low and changeable temperature, windy and sandy, and the annual average temperature is 10.1 ℃.

 

Village pattern

Site selection concept

Cuandixia village respects the traditional view of nature of "harmony between man and nature", applies the ancient "geomantic theory" to determine the location and location of land use, and pays attention to "respecting nature", "conforming to nature" and "adjusting measures to local conditions", so as to give full play to the potential of natural geography and ecological environment conditions, combine with the villagers' production and living needs, build houses, build courtyards and divert water according to the situation Build the pond and open the field with the slope.

 

spatial distribution

On the whole, Cuandixia village is divided into upper and lower mesas, with Longtou mountain as the center, a group of radial fan-shaped building groups are displayed along the line. The roads in the village run towards the mountain. The upper and lower mesas have a main road parallel to the contour line, and the two main roads, together with many mountain roads and roadways between the courtyard, extend in all directions. According to the different landforms, the orientation of the courtyard is also different, forming a dense mountain three-dimensional layout. In the limited base, to achieve the maximum benefit of the use of three-dimensional space.

 

Cuandixia village bears the change of terrain and is arranged according to the mountain. Under the control of the North-South central axis centered on Longtou mountain, more than 70 exquisite quadrangle dwellings are divided into upper and lower floors according to the height of the mountain, which are flexibly arranged in a radial form on a limited base, with strict and harmonious architectural distribution and orderly changes. A bird's-eye view of the overall layout of the village is like "gourd" and "Yuanbao". The builders of the village intend to take the meaning of "fortune" and "gold and silver" to give auspicious meaning to the environment of the ancient village.

 

The flexible village layout of Cuandixia village skillfully uses the dense mountain three-dimensional layout, which changes with the rise and fall of the terrain and is arranged at random, so as to achieve the maximum three-dimensional space benefit of the village base with high-density building group layout. This is a successful example of cherishing land, saving land, making full use of the limited mountainous area to build a living environment, striving for more land for agricultural cultivation and developing agriculture. It is also the embodiment of the value orientation of Chinese ancient villages regarding land as life and the idea of striving for rational use of land for sustainable development.

 

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the February 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the village of Han is mainly Han, with a registered residence of 102 people and a permanent population of 98.

 

Economics

As of 2011, Cuandixia village has received more than 100000 domestic and foreign tourists every year, accounting for more than 95% of the total income of the village, and its per capita net income has reached nearly 10000 yuan.

 

According to the official website of Chinese traditional village digital museum in February 2020, the collective annual income of Cuandixia village is 1 million yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 15000 yuan.

 

Main attractions

Thin strip of sky

Cuandixia village is located in the ancient pass of Tianjin. Under the cuanditou is a natural pass. The rift valley is more than 100 meters long. It is a typical fault landscape, which can be called natural danger. Its landscape is unique, commonly known as "yixiantian".

 

The house of the rich

The rich man's courtyard, also known as Guangliang courtyard, is located in the highest place on the central axis of the village. The front courtyard has three spans: East, middle and West, forming a large courtyard with 45 rooms. The gatehouse of the rich man's courtyard is located in the southeast corner of each courtyard. It has a wide surface and a deep depth. It is decorated delicately and is called "Guangliang gate".

 

Dragon King's demon subduing Temple

Dragon King Fumo temple, commonly known as the big temple, is located on the east slope of the village. In 1715, it was built by the villagers. Qianlong 11 years (1746), Daoguang 7 years (1827), Tongzhi 6 years (1867) have been repaired.

 

Courtyard Dwellings

There are similarities and differences between the siheyuan in Cuan and that in Beijing. The size of the main room and the wing room, the location of the gatehouse and the central axis are completely regulated by the Institute of geomancy. Left Qinglong, right Baihu, front rosefinch, after Xuanwu, their architectural ideas are the same. In the process, we also pay attention to dry grinding, fine pendulum, grinding brick to joint.

 

The difference is that the East and West Wing rooms are retracted to the center of the courtyard to reduce the floor area. In the second courtyard, the central axis of the inner and outer houses is not built with vertical flower doors, but with three five purlin hall houses to improve the land utilization rate. There are two doors on the east side of the hall, which are located in the southeast corner of the front yard. The rainwater is discharged from the tunnel on the left side of the gate. Most of the main rooms and inverted rooms in the siheyuan under Cuan are four beams and eight columns, while the wing rooms are three beams and six columns. The walls are hard in four corners, the roof is hard in two slopes, the ridge is clear in the mountains, the two ends of the ridge have scorpion tails, the plates of flowers and plants are placed under the ridge, the stone or wood Watchboard of the board tiles, and the brick wainscot is placed.

 

The lattice of doors and windows are full of variety: I-shaped brocade, lantern brocade, large square brocade, turtle back brocade, stars all over the sky, one horse with three arrows, and oblique inserted lattice characters. The foundation is made of stones all around, and there are windward cover plates under the wall legs on both sides of the house. The stone carvings are various but different, including large square, oblique square, water ripple or flower auspicious words.

 

Screen wall

The South gable of the front courtyard east room and the South gable of the back courtyard east room under Cuan are built with a shadow wall. There is a hat on the top, a heart in the middle and a seat at the bottom. On the cap, there are Shoutao, Wanzi brocade, eaves tile or tiger head, or Fu character, polished brick false rafter head or round or square, and fine carved plum blossom to get the meaning of everything beautiful. In the outer corner of the heart, there are four seasons flowers, in the inner corner, there are cloud flowers, in the center, there are "Hongxi" or "Fu" characters, in the upper left, there is bat shape, in the lower left, there is plum deer head shape, and in the right, there is Shouxing shape, implying happiness Lu, Shou. In addition, there are plum blossoms on Fu, Lu and Shou. The five petals of plum blossoms show that five blessings are coming, which is quite ingenious. The main function of the screen wall is to show wealth, to be magnificent, to avoid evil and to welcome good luck.

 

History and culture

festival activities

Playing Chinese flag on the 15th day of the first lunar month

Lantern Festival on the 15th of the first month,

Chinese PinYin : Cuan Di Xia