Palace of Heavenly Purity

The palace of the Qing Dynasty is the essence of the Han Dynasty palace architecture. It belongs to the two dynasties emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties handling the daily political affairs in the Forbidden City. The fourteen emperors of Ming Dynasty, Shunzhi and Kangxi of Qing Dynasty all took Qianqing palace as their bedroom. It is the first of the three palaces, located in the Qianqing gate. "Qian" means "heaven" and "Qing" means "thoroughness". First, it symbolizes the thoroughness of the sky, which means the stability of the country. Second, it symbolizes the emperor's actions, which are as magnanimous as the clear sky, without doing anything shameful.

Palace of Heavenly Purity

Qianqing palace, the three rear palaces of the Imperial Palace, is located in the middle Neiting road of the Imperial Palace in Beijing. It was built in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty. It was burned twice in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and rebuilt. The existing building was built in 1798, the third year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. The building area is 1400 m2.

Qianqing palace is a double eaves veranda with yellow glazed tiles. It is located on a single-layer white marble platform. The corridor is 9 in width and 5 in depth. It is more than 20 meters high from the platform to the main ridge. In the hall, the Ming Dynasty is connected with the East and the West. A screen is set between the two pillars on the back eaves, a throne is set in front of the screen, and a plaque of "Zhengda Guangming" is hung above the throne. Between the East and the West are warm pavilions, with fairy towers on the back eaves.

In front of the hall, there are copper tortoise, copper crane, sundial and Jialiang. In front of the hall, there are four gilt censers. In the middle of the hall, there is Danbi, which connects gaotaiyong road with Qianqing gate. The Qianqing palace is the largest building in the inner court, which is the bedroom of 14 emperors in the Ming Dynasty. Qianqing palace in Ming Dynasty was also used as a place for emperors to watch their funerals. Before the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the Ming system was followed. Since Emperor Yongzheng moved to Yangxin hall, it has been an important place for the emperor to summon court officials, read memorials, deal with daily government affairs, meet foreign vassal officials, receive congratulations and hold banquets. Some daily offices, including the study where the prince studied, also moved to the veranda around the Qianqing palace, which greatly enhanced the function of the palace.

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Historical evolution

Qianqing palace was first built in 1420, the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed by fire three times in December of 1422, the first month of 1514, and February of 1596. It was rebuilt in February of 1602, and completed in March of 1604, until the end of Ming Dynasty.

After the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the first month of the first year of Shunzhi (1644) and completed in May of the second year of Shunzhi (1645). The regulation was slightly smaller than that of the Ming Dynasty, and it was temporarily used as the residence of empresses. It was rebuilt in the first month of the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655) according to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, and completed in July of the 13th year (1656). It began to be used as the palace of the Qing emperor, but the quality of the project was poor, and it was abandoned after March of the 17th year (1660). After two large-scale construction, in 1680, the left and right inclined corridors were removed and the Wai corridor was changed into a hall with a width of nine rooms instead of seven rooms. In 1797, a fire broke out in October, and in the spring of 1798, it was rebuilt and completed in October of the same year.

From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, Qianqing palace was the emperor's bedroom. "There are nine bamboo slips, one at the top and the other at the bottom. There are 27 bamboo slips at the top and the other at the bottom. The emperor lives in the bedroom at any time, and his concubines and concubines can enter the imperial palace for the second time." In the 61st year of Kangxi, Xuanye died. According to the canon system, Zigong was placed in Qianqing palace. When Yongzheng ascended the throne, he should have lived in Qianqing palace. However, because Qianqing palace was "ruled by Emperor Kao for more than 60 years", Yongzheng emperor "could not bear to live in this palace" and "wanted to live in Yangxin palace outside Yuehua gate". During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Yangxin hall was the site of the imperial workshop zaoban. Yongzheng ordered it to be repaired and moved to Yangxin hall. He is here to "keep filial piety for 27 months, in order to do my heart.". After that, Qianqing palace became a place for the emperor to summon and select officials, read memorials, deal with daily affairs and hold important banquet activities.

In the late Ming Dynasty, there were two famous cases of "Hongwan" and "Yigong". The so-called "red pill case" refers to the death of emperor Taichang (Zhu Changluo) who ate "red pill elixir" here at the end of Ming Dynasty. In the case of palace moving, Emperor Taichang died and some ministers forced Li Xuanshi, Emperor Taichang's favorite concubine, to move out of Qianqing palace. In 1644, the peasant uprising led by Li Zicheng in the late Ming Dynasty broke into Beijing and went straight into the Forbidden City. Emperor Chongzhen was desperate and wrote an imperial edict in Qianqing palace. He ordered the empress living in Kunning palace to kill herself and cut Princess Zhaoren in Zhaoren hall. He ran away and hanged Meishan (Jingshan). The rebels overthrew the Ming Dynasty and destroyed the plaque of "respecting heaven and Fazu" hanging in the middle of Qianqing palace.

In the Qing Dynasty, every year, new year's day, Wanshou Festival and other festivals were held in the Qianqing palace. Only the qiansou banquet was the largest in scale and the most spectacular. In the spring of the 61st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, more than a thousand old people were gathered to feast Yan in front of the Qianqing palace, write poems and give all the old people longevity. In the first month of the 50th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, in order to celebrate the prosperity of the country, a banquet for thousands of old people was held in the palace of emperor Qianqing, which was larger than that in the reign of Emperor Kangxi. "Those who enter the banquet will be given Ruyi, Shouzhang, Chaozhu, silk forging and other things, which are of extraordinary grandeur and complicated etiquette.

Architectural pattern

The Qianqing palace is nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with a height of more than 20 meters from the top to the ridge. On the top of the hall with double eaves, the upper layer is decorated with single crystal and double crystal with seven steps on the Dougong, and the lower layer is decorated with single crystal and single crystal with five steps on the Dougong. There is a warm pavilion between the East and the west, and an immortal Pavilion is built on the back eaves. There is a throne in the palace. Shi Jiheng, one of the left and right figures, is a Yi ware. He listens to the government in linxuan, receives congratulations from the inner court, gives Yan to the emperor, summons ministers and workers, introduces common officials, and joins the vassal state. In the Ming Dynasty, there were auxiliary halls in the East and west of Qianqing palace, Zhaoren hall in the East and Hongde hall in the West. The Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming Dynasty system, and the Qianlong Dynasty, the imperial examination of the rare books of neifu was carried out, which were stored in the Zhaoren hall in a row, and the plaque said "Tianlu Linlang".

The feudal emperor named his living room "Qianqing", that is to say, under his rule, the world could be peaceful and peaceful. "Tao Te Ching" said: "Heaven can be clear when it is one.". Qian and Kun represent heaven and earth. The book of changes says, "Qian is heaven." heaven and earth intersect in a peaceful way. "For the center of Ziwei", Ziwei is the North false Polaris, in the center of the sky, very bright, and surrounded by many stars. The book of Jin (astronomical records) said: "Ziwei is the seat of the great emperor and the permanent residence of the emperor.". The rijing gate and Yuehua gate on the East and west sides of the Qianqing palace represent the sun and the moon. There are two permanent lanes on the left and right side. There are six palaces on the East and west sides, and there are twelve palaces in total. It is the residence of the empress. It represents the twelve stars, just like the stars guarding it. In feudal society, heaven was regarded as the master of all things, while the emperor was the "real dragon" and "the son of heaven". Therefore, the layout of Qianqing palace was strictly in accordance with the idea of divine authority, highlighting the word "heaven" and representing the sanctity and majesty of the son of heaven. In front of the hall, there is a high platform with white marble railings. The corridor extends to the Qianqing gate. On the terrace, there are two bronze turtles, two bronze cranes, one sundial, one Jialiang and four tripods. Copper tortoise and copper crane are commonly used animal patterns in ancient auspicious patterns, implying longevity. Sundial is used to measure the time, and Jialiang is an ancient volume standard. His majesty dongxidan has two stone platforms, on which are set up the copper gilded Country Pavilion, which symbolizes that the emperor is the only possessor and supreme ruler of the country and land, and shows the supreme authority of the feudal emperors.

In the Qianqing palace, two dragons playing with pearls are carved on the golden gate, two dragons painted with gold and two dragons painted with asphalt powder inside and outside the palace, and the flat dragon round case on the ceiling are vivid. The floor is paved with gold bricks, polished and coated with tung oil. It is smooth and delicate, like black jade. Today, the layout of the hall is basically according to the original layout of the Qianlong period. In the center of the main room is a square platform. On the platform are the gold lacquer dragon throne and the gold lacquer dragon screen, which symbolize the imperial power. In front of the throne are luduan, crane and incense tube. In front of the platform are four copper tyre enamel incense burners for burning sandalwood, which are placed on several hardwood frames. There are astronomical instruments and Yi wares on the East-West shelves. There are four tall red sandalwood carved dragon seat mirrors in front of and behind the platform. The carving is fine and the composition is vivid. It was made during the reign of Guangxu. Inside the hall, there is also a large dragon cabinet with jade ultimatums and records. In the center of the hall is a plaque of "justice" written by Emperor Shunzhi. In view of the historical lessons of his father Kangxi's struggle to establish the crown prince and other sons, Yongzheng created a new method to reserve the monarch. That is to say, the emperor sealed the imperial edict in the box. One copy was placed behind the "righteous and bright" plaque in the Qianqing palace, which was the highest place in the palace. The other copy was kept secret by the emperor for future reference. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, there are records, jade inscriptions, seals and stone drums in the hall.

Main attractions

The golden palace of the country

On both sides of the East and west of Danlong in front of the Qianqing palace, there is a aragonite platform, on which there is the Golden Hall of sheji Jiangshan.

There is a platform base under the aragonite platform, with a square plane, each side 556 cm long and 30 cm high. It is surrounded by white stone railings and a step to the south. The form of the white stone railings is different from that of the Qianqing palace. The others imitate the pattern of Xiaxiao in xumizuo and are carved with lotus. The light carved diamond and rolled grass patterns on the breast board are well proportioned, skillful and smooth. The pillar is carved with lion instead of dragon and Phoenix. Its expression is vivid: the male lion plays with Hydrangea; the female lion plays with the young lion. The young lion either crawls under his feet or embraces his shoulders, and is extremely intimate. There are as many as twenty lions carved on the heads of the twelve pillars.

Aragonite platform is divided into three layers, from the bottom to the top, shrinking layer by layer, and the layer height is also high

Chinese PinYin : Qian Qing Gong