China Geological Museum

China Geological Museum

China Geological Museum is the earliest national geological museum in China, founded in 1916.

More than 200000 geological specimens are collected in the China Geological Museum, covering all fields of Geoscience. Among them, there are a series of dinosaur fossils such as giant Shandong dragon and Chinese Dragon Bird, ancient human fossils such as Peking man, Yuanmou Man and shandingdong man, as well as a large number of precious prehistoric biological fossils such as fish, birds and insects with both scientific value and ornamental value; there are the world's largest "Crystal King", giant fluorite calcite crystal cluster specimens, exquisite blue copper, cinnabar, realgar, orpiment Scheelite, stibnite and other minerals with Chinese characteristics, as well as a wide range of gems, jade and other national treasures.

The first batch of national primary and secondary school students' research and practice education bases.

Quick navigation

Panorama

Historical evolution

Setting up the background

In 1913, when the geological section of the Mining Department of the Ministry of industry of the Republic of China was renamed the Geological Survey Institute, there was a geological and mineral exhibition hall, but there was no real name.

On January 4, 1916, Yuan Shikai set up the "Geological Survey Bureau", with Zhang yiou as the director, Ding Wenjiang and an tesheng as the deputy directors. There are four sections and one Museum: geological section, mineral section, topography section, compilation section and geological and Mineral Museum.

On July 14, 1916, the Geological Research Institute of the government of the Republic of China held a graduation ceremony on No. 3, Fengsheng Hutong, Beijing. At the same time, a "student achievement exhibition" was held to show 899 rock and mineral samples collected by teachers and students over the past three years, as well as detailed illustrations and field survey photos. Therefore, July 14, the fifth year of the Republic of China was designated as the day of the establishment of the museum. July 14, the fifth year of the Republic of China is generally recognized as the building day of the museum. Because the museum has curators, institutions and typical events, the display and collection have been determined since then.

On December 10, 1916, Zhou Ziqi, the director general of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, signed No. 119 of the Ministry of agriculture and commerce, and appointed Ding Wenjiang, huiban and Jizheng of the Geological Survey Bureau, as the curator of the geological and mineral resources Museum.

Exile in the Republic of China

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Ding Wenjiang, Zhang Hongzhao and Weng Wenhao asked the Ministry of agriculture and commerce to raise money for the preparation of the Geological Library. President Li Yuanhong donated 1000 yuan, a total of 39000 yuan.

In 1921, the Geological Library was built at No.9 bingmasi Hutong, Beijing. With the balance of 8000 yuan, two more exhibition rooms were built for the exhibition hall, increasing the display area by 400 square meters.

On July 17, 1922, the newly built library and exhibition hall held an opening ceremony. President Li Yuanhong delivered a speech and visited the geological exhibition hall.

In 1927, the government of the Republic of China established its capital in Nanjing, and Beijing was renamed Peking. Peiping gradually lost its central position in politics, economy and culture, and with the invasion of Japanese invaders, North China was in danger.

In 1935, the Geological Survey Institute moved to Nanjing. More than 10000 collections of the geological museum were moved to Nanjing, and 12 exhibition rooms were set up in the new museum at 942 Zhujiang Road (now 700) in Nanjing. It was completed and opened in 1937.

In November 1937, the Japanese occupied Shanghai and approached Nanjing. The Geological Survey Institute, like other organizations, withdrew hastily and finished moving within three or five days. 313 cases of selected specimens were escorted from Gao Zhenxi to Wuhan by water and then to Changsha in late November for simple repair. In July of the next year, Wuhan was in an emergency, and the Geological Survey Institute had to move from Changsha to Chongqing. The specimens on display were packed into the Sichuan Geological Survey Institute together with other objects. It was not long before the Geological Survey Institute built a house in Beibei, Chongqing, and displayed specimens before it moved to Beibei.

On December 25, 1943, the Museum of natural sciences, jointly sponsored by the central geological survey, the Institute of zoology and botany, the Institute of meteorology, the industrial experimental Institute, the agricultural experimental Institute, and the Western Academy of Sciences, officially opened. Among them, the geological museum is designed and provided with specimens by the Central Geological Survey Institute, which is divided into four parts: mineral rocks, stratigraphic paleontology, vertebrate fossils and soil.

In the summer of 1946, the Central Geological Survey Institute moved back to the former site of Zhujiang Road in Nanjing and appointed Hou Defeng as the curator of Nanjing Geological exhibition hall to preside over the restoration and reconstruction of the exhibition. Cheng Yuqi, Yang Zhongjian, Liu Dongsheng, Wang Cunyi, Cai Zhenzhong and others participated in the arrangement.

It was officially opened in October (1948) in the 37th year of the Republic of China.

Old museum

In 1935, the Geological Survey Institute moved to Nanjing, leaving some personnel, specimens and equipment at the original sites of Fengsheng Hutong and bingmasi Hutong in Beiping, belonging to Xie Jiarong, director of the newly established Beiping branch of the Geological Survey Institute. "From then on to the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Fengsheng No. 3 exhibition hall no longer had the post of director (curator)", whose affairs were directly managed by the directors of all previous branches, let's call it "Guguan".

Since the summer of 1936, it has been enriched by Jia Lanpo and Li Yueyan. In the late February of 1937, the 13th annual meeting of the Chinese Geological Society was held in Beiping. Fourteen exhibition rooms (Cenozoic, Paleozoic and Mesozoic, metallic minerals, non-metallic minerals, Xishan geology, general geology, Zhoukoudian ape cave, metamorphic rocks, volcanic rocks, hydrogenetic rocks, stratigraphy, geological structure, minerals and soil) were built in the exhibition hall, which are no less than those in Nanjing The number of exhibits in the museum is open to the public. Among them, the most eye-catching are the skull model of "Beijinger" and Yangshao pottery.

In the summer of 1937, on the eve of the July 7th incident, Yang Zhongjian took over the post of director of Beiping branch. Soon after the fall of Beiping, Yang went south to Changsha and Kunming. In 1937, in response to the turbulent situation, the front and back doors of the exhibition hall of Geology and mineral resources in Peking changed from Fengsheng Hutong No. 3 to bingmasi Hutong No. 58 (now No. 6), which is close to bingmasi Hutong No. 9 (now No. 15) of the main gate of Beiping branch.

Rebirth

In 1950, the Central People's government set up the steering committee of China's geological work plan, and set up a leading organization for the work of the national geological exhibition hall in Nanjing under the charge of Gao Zhenxi, which has jurisdiction over the Nanjing Geological exhibition hall and the Beijing geological exhibition hall.

In 1952, the Ministry of geology of the people's Republic of China was established. In January 1953, the leading organization of the National Geological Museum moved to Beijing, and Gao Zhenxi served as the curator. Due to the needs of the Ministry of construction, the Beijing Museum was demolished and the specimens were temporarily stored in the Palace Museum, Wenhua hall and Liupu Kang.

In 1955, Nanjing Geological exhibition hall was transferred to Jiangsu Geological Bureau, and the national geological exhibition hall and Beijing geological exhibition hall (old museum) were integrated.

In 1956, the Ministry of geology decided to build a 10000 square meter national geological exhibition building in Xisi, Beijing.

In September 1958, the new building was completed and renamed "Geological Museum of the Ministry of Geology".

In September 1959, the exhibition of 17 039 specimens in 26 exhibition rooms on the first to fourth floors was completed and opened to the public in October. It has become an important milestone in the development history of China's geological museum.

Tortuous development

In 1960, the Geological Museum of the Ministry of geology was under the leadership of the Institute of Geological Sciences (later renamed as the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences), and vice president Feng Zhishuang was concurrently the curator.

Since then, after the "Cultural Revolution" closed stagnation, earthquake damage, but also experienced constant adjustment and innovation, until the end of 2000, the renovation project of the museum building was approved by the higher authorities, and the China Geological Museum has been developing in twists and turns for 40 years. During this period, the main leaders of the museum were Wang Zilin, he Jifu, Liu Yongquan, Huang Zhengzhi, Xing Yusheng and Ji Qiang.

On July 2016, Xi Jinping, President of the CPC Central Committee, chairman of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, sent a letter to congratulate the 100th anniversary China Geological Museum, and extend sincere greetings to the vast number of geological workers throughout the country.

Exhibition hall overview

overview

The main building of China Geological Museum has 6 floors, with a total height of 36 meters, a length of 40 meters from east to west, and a length of 70 meters from north to south. The building area is nearly 11000 square meters, and the architectural style is stable and generous.

Layout of exhibition area

The exhibition hall of China Geological Museum consists of six parts: Earth hall, mineral and Rock Hall, gem hall and prehistoric biology hall, with a total area of 2500 square meters and a temporary exhibition area of 1500 square meters.

Earth exhibition hall

The earth hall takes dynamic force as the main line, and introduces the important geological processes on the earth under the action of internal and external dynamic forces. Dongzhan line introduces the internal dynamic geological process, focusing on plate movement, fold fault, volcano, earthquake and other geological processes, while the external dynamic geological process mainly introduces the geological process of water and wind.

Relatively speaking, the endodynamic geological processes are more macroscopic and magnificent. They mainly make the crust rise and thicken, forming many huge and powerful geological processes

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Guo Di Zhi Bo Wu Guan