Hulan Mosque

Hulan Mosque

Hulan mosque, China's Islamic mosque, is located in Hulan River, Hulan District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. According to the records of Hulan County, the temple was built in 1810. At first, there were only three thatched cottages. In the first year of Guangxu (1875), the expansion project was funded by local Hui people and completed in three years. The temple covers an area of 5000 square meters. Inside and outside the gate, there are two wooden plaques of "the ancient Muslim road" and "recognizing the Lord as the only one".

Historical evolution

Hulan mosque is located on the west side of the beautiful Hulan River. It was built in 1810 in the 15th year of Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty. It was led by Lao Wang, a Hui nationality township. At that time, there were only three thatched cottages, which was a simple place of worship. The Hui nationality is one of the ethnic groups who believe in Islam. According to Hulan Fu Zhi, "at the beginning, they lived in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, and then spread to the whole Hulan Prefecture in the East". Most of them settled around mosques, and the population increased year by year. The original mosques can no longer meet the needs of religious life. So there was a proposal to rebuild a larger mosque. According to Han Zaiyuan, a Muslim in Hulan, in order to expand the mosque in the early years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the son of Wang xianglao, who led the construction of the mosque for the first time, organized local believers to raise funds and went to Suihua, Harbin and other places to ask for assistance. The proposal to build a mosque at the original site of the mosque was supported by Zhang Xiling, a local official of the Qing Dynasty, and donated land. The project is ready and the reconstruction work begins. But just after the foundation was built, it was obstructed by the local garrison and the eight banners (Manchu). Under the pretext of building a Yao temple, they suppressed the dragon's head and destroyed the geomantic omen of the tombs. The project was forced to stop. Later, after the discussion of the church, it was decided to ask Wang Xiang to go to Fengtian (now Shenyang) to ask Zuo GuiGui (the Hui nationality) of Gaozhou town for help. After Wang Tianfeng was introduced by an acquaintance of the mosque and introduced by Zuo's secretary, he met Zuo GuiGui and explained the obstacles to the construction of the temple. Zuo immediately expressed his support, inscribed a plaque and sent a military carriage to transport Hulan. Later, she went to Beijing to report the incident to Empress Dowager Cixi. It is said that Empress Dowager Cixi sent a piece of Jiulong plaque with Kangxi imperial pen to Hulan (there were two Jiulong plaques with Kangxi imperial pen, one of which was given to Niujie mosque in Beijing during Kangxi's lifetime). The imperial plaque is the imperial edict, so it can be ruled out. The reconstruction project was completed in 1877. The expanded mosque covers an area of about 5000 square meters. At that time, it was surrounded by blue bricks, and the opposite hall was in the East. The gate was opened on Islamic festivals, and the south gate was usually opened. Inside and outside the gate, there were two wooden tablets of "the ancient road of halal" and "the only one who recognizes the Lord". In the courtyard of Sihe, a corridor is laid. To the west of the hall is a worship hall with a pattern of grinded bricks and crossed branches. It is composed of the main hall and the Yao hall. In front of the door, there was a nine dragon plaque and a precious plaque on the left. The foundation of the main hall is high, and the hall can hold 2000 people to worship. The main hall is a structure of "bright three (rooms) and dark three (rooms)", with staggered ups and downs, flying eaves and green gray ridge tiles covering the top, which is particularly spectacular. Yao hall is a three story square, with a white tin kiln top weighing 130 kg on the top and dragon shaped sculptures on the four corners. It stands behind the main hall. The wood carvings on the walls of the worship hall are mostly flowers and scriptures; the windows and doors are mostly carved with flowers; the brick carvings and stone carvings are also all embossed flower patterns, which add color to the whole building. To the South and west of the hall is a small brick warm hall, which is a place of worship in winter. On the east side of a brick house is a bath room, in which there are hanging pots, which are used by Muslims to make big clean bath water pots, hanging on the beam, and underground sink; and soup bottles, which are used to make small clean water pots with high body and long mouth; and kitchens and accounting rooms. To the north of the hall, there is a room on the south side, which is the dean's room, Haifa (student) dormitory and lecture hall; to the East, there is a cottage, which is the female bath room, the water house and the female chapel. In front of the hall, there are roses, peonies, cloves, three big pines and a grape trellis. In the back of the main hall, there are two separate rooms for storing the dead, as well as a vegetable garden for the people in the temple. To the west is the gate. The whole temple is symmetrical, harmonious, elegant and quiet. It is an ancient Chinese palace temple with a main body, a foil and a system of its own. During the period of the Japanese puppet regime, the water of Hulan River flooded eastward year by year, endangering the whole building complex. The authorities once took corresponding measures in the south of the opposite Hall of the mosque. However, the river continued to dip eastward, and the cliff collapsed, causing the whole temple to be in crisis. In 1950, after the founding of new China, imams and villagers reported the truth to the people's Government of Hulan County. This action has aroused the attention of the relevant departments. The county and provincial water conservancy bureaus have successively sent special personnel to the Hulan River to survey and take measures, but in the end, because of the huge project, the gain is not worth the loss, and the root cause can not be cured. In 1953, Yao hall was forced to be demolished. In 1954, when the danger became more serious, the Hui people made a decision to assemble and set up a mosque Council. Xu Changrong, Cao Defang, Zhao Baoshan, Li Jingwu, Yin Rongguo, etc. were elected as the Council members, and the decision to move and rebuild the mosque was made. On June 29, the same director Li Jingwu drafted a report and submitted it to the county people's government for approval. The government has negotiated with the Council for many times and initialed an agreement on December 20 to initially locate the temple at eight brick and tile public buildings in Heping Street. It covers an area of 3000 square meters. The agreement was formally signed on January 10, 1955, and the problem of Temple site was successfully solved. Inspired and confident, the congregation held a meeting that night to study the issue of inviting the imam, which was discussed by the Council. The congregation elected Li Jingwu as its chairman, Xu Changrong and Cao Defang as its vice-chairman. Recommended by the imams of the East and West mosques in Harbin, it proposed to invite Bai Liqian, the Imam of the East mosque in Shenyang, as its Imam. On February 9, 2000, the head of Bai Jiao arrived. When passing through Harbin, he was warmly entertained by the East and West mosques, and presented with a golden flag on three sides. On February 11, the Council of Hulan mosque held a public banquet in the temple, hosted a banquet for bishop Bai and took a group photo. On the afternoon of February 13, a mass meeting was held. First, chairman Li Jingwu reported the work of the Council. Bishop Bai mobilized the masses to raise funds to rebuild the temple. The masses signed up on the spot and donated 1856 yuan. After that, dozens of private houses were sold. In order to raise funds, Bai Jiaochang, Xu Changrong and others also took the relevant approval documents from Hulan county government and the letters from Hulan Hui people's Federation and Hulan mosque Council, and successively went to Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Harbin, Jiamusi and other Muslims to ask for funding. RMB 3000 yuan. Later, Li Jingwu and Yin Rongguo went to the people's reform branch of the county government and asked to exchange five cottages for seven market houses. Another 2500 yuan. In addition, the bricks, tiles and timber removed from the original Temple enable the reconstruction of the temple to start. In 1956, the hall of worship was completed, which is one more floor than the original Hall of worship. In the north, there are five brick houses, namely, the small warm hall, the reception room and the dean's room. In the East, there are three dormitories and bathrooms for four masters, and the gate is set in the south. During the "Cultural Revolution", mosques were seriously damaged. Only after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China can it be resumed. In 1982, the Democratic Management Committee of the mosque was established, with Yin Rongguo as the director, Bai Liqian and Cai FA as the deputy directors and 10 members. Together with the government, some of the main halls were repaired, and five old brick houses were rebuilt as a small warm hall, a dean's room and a men's and women's bathroom. A new wall of 160 meters was built. It was completed in October 1982, and the congregation began to live a normal religious life. The religious leader of the mosque is the Imam. The general term of office is three years. At the end of the term of office, during the Eid al Fitr, the villagers will discuss whether to keep it or not. If not, another person will be invited. The main duty of Imam is to preside over the wedding and funeral ceremony for Muslims, as well as memorial activities. Before liberation, imams had the right to punish Muslims who violated religious rules, such as smoking, drinking and setting off firecrackers. The second one assisted the Imam to deal with the educational affairs; the third one managed the affairs; the fourth one managed the water house and slaughtering. The slaughtering fee belongs to imam, sizhangjiao and mosque. The main source of income of the temple is "monthly fee", which is written once a month. Mr. (accountant) cooperates with several villagers to come to muslin's "monthly fee", which is more or less voluntary. During the Japanese puppet period, the monthly fee was written according to each family's economic situation. The cost of firewood and charcoal is once or twice a year. The revenues and expenditures of the mosque are announced once a month. Imam writes "shuxiu" once a year. The above expenses are borne by local Muslims. In 1958, in order to lighten the economic burden of the Hui people, the government carried out the reform of the education system, cancelled the monthly fee and put off the repair. Bai Jiaochang was appointed as the deputy director of the Hui people's shop, which guaranteed his life. He resigned because of his old age. He also bought a cow with government funding, and the income was saved for the living expenses of the Imam and the temple. In 1983 and 1984, they began to write about the cost of firewood and charcoal. Although Hulan mosque is not a famous place for "opening school" (Scripture Education), some imams also open Scripture school to cultivate Haifa. The method of education is that every morning after the ceremony, it is the time for the Imam to give lectures. Generally speaking, language courses are taught for about two hours. After the noon ceremony, they gave a second lecture, mostly teaching methods and classics annotation. After the ceremony, it was Haifa's reply. There is no plan for the progress of teaching, the learning system is relatively loose, and the study time is arranged by ourselves. Therefore, the length of study time is uncertain, which mainly determines the individual efforts and the education level of the Confucian teachers. At the time of Haifa's graduation, the Dean proposed that a graduation ceremony be held with the consent of the villagers, which is called "hanging the account". When local villagers send congratulatory accounts to Hai Li Fa, they usually write the words "preach for heaven". At present, Imam Ding Guodong of Harbin mosque is the tent hanging from Hulan. In general, there are about two or three students in the sea cultivation method, most of them are the king of Guandong. prince

Chinese PinYin : Hu Lan Qing Zhen Si