Wusuli River

Wusuli River originates from the East China Sea coast of Jilin Province and the sitkhot mountains. It is a major tributary on the right bank of Heilongjiang Province and an important boundary river on the Russian border in Northeast China. It has a total length of 905 kilometers and a drainage area of 1870002 square kilometers. It is called Amur River in Russia. "Wusuli River" in Manchu means "river in water" and "river of sunrise in the East", which is the first place where the sun rises in China. The Wusuli River has been recognized as unpolluted by the United Nations under the protection organization, with beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery on both sides.

Wusuli River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Wusuli River is a tributary of Heilongjiang in China and the boundary river between China and Russia. The upper reaches are formed by the confluence of Wula River and Daobi river. Both rivers originate from the southwest slope of the xihote mountains and flow northeast to Khabarovsk (Boli) and join Heilongjiang. It is 909 km (565 miles) long and has a drainage area of 187000 square km (72200 square miles). The river is wide and slow. The main tributaries are songacha River, muliao River, Naoli River, etc. There was a long section of the main stream that caused a dispute over the border between China and the Soviet Union (1969). In 1977, the two sides formulated navigation rules in the waters of the border between China and the Soviet Union. The Wusuli River is frozen for about five months. It is navigable below the mouth of Wula river.

River characteristics

Wusuli River is a major tributary on the South Bank of Heilongjiang Province and an important boundary river on the Russian border in Northeast China. Wusuli River has a total length of 880 kilometers and a drainage area of nearly 190000 square kilometers,

It covers an area of 61500 square kilometers in Heilongjiang Province, China. The Wusuli River is rich in salmon and turtle. Ships of 300-1000 tons can be navigable in the middle and lower reaches.

Wusuli River Basin has relatively high precipitation. Along the way, 174 tributaries are collected. On the Chinese side, Muling River and Naoli River are the major tributaries. Across the river, the mainstream of Wusuli River is on the east side and Fuyuan waterway is on the west side.

Wusuli River has two sources: East and West. Wula river originates in the west of xihuote mountain in Russia. The length of Wula river is 398 km in Russia. Songaca river originates from Xingkai Lake. After the confluence of the two rivers, it flows from south to north through Mishan, Hulin, Raohe, Fuyuan and other counties, to the northeast corner of Fuyuan Delta, and flows into Heilongjiang from the right bank.

The width of Wusuli River is 200-500m from songacha river mouth to Raohe River and 500-1000m from Raohe River mouth to Heilongjiang River mouth. The average depth of normal water level is 2-5M. The average freezing time is 148 days and the maximum ice thickness is 1.15 meters. The average annual runoff of Raohe station in the lower reaches is 23.29 billion cubic meters, and that of the estuary is 62.35 billion cubic meters. The main tributaries in China are Muling River, Qihulin River, abuqin River and Naoli River.

The whole course of the Wusuli River runs through a broad longitudinal valley between the Wanda Mountains in China and the sikhote mountains in Russia. The upper reaches are formed by the confluence of Wula River and Daobi river,

It flows in the eastern margin of the low and flat Hulin basin, flows to the northeast, reaches the area of Boli, turns sharply to the southwest, and injects into Heilongjiang.

Above the confluence of songacha River, the terrain is higher and the valley bottom is flat. Below the confluence is a gentle longitudinal valley with a width of 300 km. The terrain is low-lying and gentle, the ground is strongly swamped, and the water flow is slow. Many river sections form meandering or reticulated channels, forming a famous original wetland landscape.

Raohe County in the territory of a section of the middle reaches of the river, on both sides of the low hills close to the river.

The east of the river originates from the West foot of the sikhote mountains in eastern Russia and flows from south to north. The west of the river originates from the songacha River and originates from the northeast of Xingkai Lake, which is the only outlet of the lake.

Formation process

The Wusuli River was formed under certain geological conditions in the Middle Pleistocene century one million years ago. At that time, Wusuli River was still a small river with east-west direction. Later, at the end of the late Pleistocene, the Wusuli River cut through the gorge along the huote deep fault zone, seizing the original water systems flowing into the Xingkai Lake and leaking out, forming the present situation.

Climatic characteristics

The Wusuli River Basin is prone to spring drought and gale in spring (from March to May). The temperature rises rapidly and is changeable. The temperature rise or drop can reach about 10 ° C at one time. The average seasonal precipitation is 50-80mm, accounting for only about 15% of the whole year. Summer (June to August) is hot, humid and rainy. The average temperature in July is 19-20 ° C and the maximum temperature is 38 ° C. The average precipitation is 200-400mm, accounting for 60% - 70% of the whole year. Because of the concentration of precipitation and rainstorm, flood disaster is easy to occur.

Human history

The land in the Wusuli River Basin has been moistening the people of all ethnic groups on both sides of the strait for thousands of years. Since ancient times, Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Hezhe, dahar and Oroqen people have lived here. Many Neolithic sites have been found along the coast, which indicates that human activities took place 10000 years ago. Sushen people, the ancestors of the Manchu people in the Western Zhou Dynasty, made use of the resources here to make tools such as kuya, shinu and Wangshi, hunt and fish, multiply, and create a splendid culture. After that, all the dynasties in China had jurisdiction. Later, a large number of Han people poured in, bringing advanced culture, production technology and scientific knowledge to the mainland, reclaiming land, and transforming part of the land into fertile land while fighting against tsarist Russia and Japanese imperialism.

natural resources

Wusuli River Basin is not only beautiful, but also rich in natural resources. The land is vast and fertile, the mountains contain vast primeval forests, and the plains are vast.

Mineral vegetation

Wusuli River Basin has coal, graphite, gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, limestone, peat and other minerals, of which peat reserves reach 100 million cubic meters. More than 1000 species of plants have been found in this area. The tree species are Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.; there are many kinds of medicinal plants, which are widely distributed and rich in reserves. There are more than 200 kinds of ginseng, Schisandra, acanthopanax senticosus, Pingbei, etc.; there are pine seed, hazelnut, acorn and other mountain products; there are more than 30 kinds of wild berries such as mountain grape, pear, kiwi fruit, persimmon, red bean, strawberry, etc.; in addition, there are more than 20 kinds of edible and medicinal fungi such as Hericium erinaceus, mushroom, agaric, etc.; there are more than 40 kinds of wild vegetables such as Pteridium aquilinum, cucumber, daylily, Osmunda japonica, etc., with dense wild flowers under the forest; there are Wula There are dozens of nectar source plants, such as grass, Stachys pubescens and Tilia amurensis, which produce thousands of tons of honey.

rare fowls and strange animals

As the Wusuli River Basin is sparsely populated, advantaged in its location, forest, grassland, swamp and abundant water area, it is also an important area for birds to migrate and breed, which provides a good place for rare birds and beasts to live, rest, forage, move and breed. Therefore, this area is a place where tigers, wolves and elks gather and pheasants gather. In the past, there was a saying that "the hazelnut beat the water deer, scooped the fish, and the pheasant flew into the rice pot". It is known that there are more than 150 kinds of tiger, bear, wild boar, roe deer, raccoon dog, mink and so on, which are rich in mink skin, fox skin, lynx skin, muskrat skin and so on. There are more than 200 kinds of birds, including the world's endangered birds, such as Red Crowned Crane, white stork, haidongqing and golden eagle, as well as black grouse, flying dragon, mandarin duck, Red Headed Gull, swan, egret and wild duck.

Every spring, thousands of birds pass by or live here, covering the surface of the river. When they fly, they block out the sky and the sun. There are hundreds of thousands of birds a day. Eggs are everywhere on the banks, lakes and wetland shrubs.

Aquatic resources

Wusuli River is also rich in aquatic resources. There are more than 80 kinds of economic fish. In addition to carp, crucian carp, silver carp, white fish, mandarin fish, the main specialty is salmon, which is a world-famous fish. There are sturgeon and husk. The "three flowers and five Luo" here is also worthy of its reputation. There are "tribute", "Brocade scale", "aquatic dragon and phoenix", "auspicious fish in dream" and other honorific nicknames.

tourist resources

From the perspective of geomorphology, the Chinese side of Wusuli River basin can be divided into three parts: Xingkai Lake Plain in the upper reaches, Wandashan area in the middle and Sanjiang Plain in the lower reaches. In the basin, rivers crisscross, lakes are scattered, islands are like strings of pearls, and forests, grasslands, swamps, wetlands, plains, mountains, waters and land alternate. The natural vegetation on both sides of the Strait is in good condition, with dense trees and abundant water plants. Roam along the river. The natural scenery of Wusuli River is nowhere to be found in inland rivers of China.

Wusuli River is one of the few unpolluted rivers in China. Here, we can see the forest and Sanjiang Plain in nadanhaling, Jiangxi Province. On the East Bank of the river, there are many mountains and steep cliffs.

Address: Hutou Town, Hulin City, Heilongjiang Province

Longitude: 133.65765

Latitude: 46.128804

Tour time: 2 hours

Traffic information: charter a car or drive by yourself

Ticket information: Free

Opening hours: all day

Chinese PinYin : Wu Su Li Jiang