President Office

The presidential palace is a baroque style building, which has always been the highest power center in Taiwan. It was completed in 1919. At that time, the governor's office was facing the East, overlooking the whole city of Taipei within sihuoshan. He watched the rising sun every day and made a great and lasting plan. Now, from Monday to Friday, you can visit the presidential palace by making an appointment through the official website in advance (there are restrictions on mainland inquiries) or by dialing the phone in advance for consultation and appointment after you arrive in Taiwan. In addition, the presidential palace is very close to the Chiang Kai Shek memorial hall, so we can arrange a tour together.

Nanjing Presidential Palace

synonym

The presidential palace (Nanjing Presidential Palace) generally refers to the presidential palace in Nanjing

Nanjing presidential palace, located at 292 Changjiang Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, is the largest and most complete architectural complex in modern China. It is also one of the main representatives of the buildings of the Republic of China in Nanjing and an important site of modern Chinese history. Since modern times, the presidential palace in Nanjing has become the center of China's political and military affairs and the source of major events. A series of major events in China either happened here or were closely related to it. Many important people have been active here.

The presidential palace in Nanjing has a history of more than 600 years, which can be traced back to guide Marquis's palace and Hanwang's palace in the early Ming Dynasty; it was established as Jiangning weaving office and Liangjiang governor's office in the Qing Dynasty, with Kangxi and Qianlong's southern tour as the palace; after the capital of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in Tianjing, a large-scale Imperial Palace was built here; on January 1, 1912, Sun Yat Sen was sworn in as the provisional president of the Republic of China and became the Grand President Later, it was the presidential palace of Nanjing National Government.

The Nanjing presidential palace complex covers an area of about 90000 square meters. There are not only the traditional gardens in the south of the Yangtze River in ancient China, but also the architectural remains of modern western style spreading to the East. It is divided into three areas: the central area mainly includes the national government, the presidential Palace and its affiliated institutions; the western area mainly includes Sun Yat Sen's temporary office, the Secretariat, the western garden, Sun Yat Sen's living room and staff headquarters; and the eastern area mainly includes the Executive Yuan, the presidential palace and its affiliated institutions Taolin temple, stables and east garden. Among them, there are more than ten cultural relics, including historical materials of the presidential palace, the provisional government of Sun Yat Sen and Nanjing, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the governor's office of the two rivers of the Qing Dynasty.

In February 1982, the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Tianwang Palace site" in the presidential palace was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit

In 1998, it was established as the Museum of modern Chinese history; in 2001, the "remains of Sun Yat Sen's temporary presidential palace and Nanjing National Government" in the presidential palace was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council

In 2004, it was listed as a national AAAA tourist attraction

In September 2016, it was included in the list of "the first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage".

Historical evolution

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the present presidential palace is the then Dehou palace and the Han Palace. After the Qing army entered the pass, the former site of the Ming and Han Palace was set up as Jiangning weaving office, Jiangnan governor office and Liangjiang governor office, which were used as "Xinggong" by Kangxi and Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty when they went down to Jiangnan. Kangxi visited Jiangnan six times and lived in Jiangning zhizaofu four times. Therefore, the location of Jiangning zhizaofu was called Daxing palace, which is still in use today.

On March 29th, the third year of Xianfeng (1853) in the Qing Dynasty, Taiping army occupied Nanjing, established the capital of Tianjing, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom regime. He stayed in fanxi yamen for a while, and soon began to repair Liangjiang governor's office. In May, he began to build Tianwang Palace (today's Palace) on the basis of former Liangjiang governor's office, and then expanded to Tianwang palace with the former Liangjiang governor's office as the center. By November, it was accidentally burned and leveled to the ground.

In February of the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854) of the Qing Dynasty, the Tianwang palace in Tianjing broke the ground again.

On June 1, 1864, the third year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Hong tianguifu, the young king of heaven, succeeded to the throne. On July 19, Tianjing was lost, and then the Qing army slaughtered the city. After the Xiang army conquered Tianjing, the Taiping army set fire to the city. After wanton robbery, the Xiang army set fire to the palace buildings everywhere.

In 1870, the governor's office of Liangjiang was rebuilt. Lin Zexu, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Liu Kunyi, Shen Baozhen, Zuo Zongtang, Zhang Zhidong and duanfang all served as governors of Liangjiang.

The 1911 Revolution broke out in October of the third year of Xuantong (1911) of the Qing Dynasty. The Jiangsu Zhejiang allied forces conquered Nanjing and decided that Nanjing was the seat of the provisional government.

On January 1, the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Dr. Sun Yat Sen took the oath to be the provisional president of the Republic of China and established the Republic of China. 1912 was the first year of the Republic of China and the provisional government of the Republic of China was established. In April of the same year, the provisional government ended and established the Nanjing left behind government with Huangxing as its home.

In the second revolution in 1913, Huang Xing and he Haiming became the general headquarters of the yuan army.

From 1913 to 1927, it became the governor's office of Jiangsu Province, the governor's office of Jiangsu Province, the general's office of Jiangsu Province, the office of the governor's office of Jiangsu Province, the vice president's office, the Xuanfu envoy's office, the headquarters of the five provinces' united forces, and the joint office of the Zhilu united forces. Military and political officials include Cheng Dequan, Zhang Xun, Li Chun, Qi Xieyuan, Lu Yongxiang, Feng Guozhang, sun Chuanfang, Yang Yuting, Zhang Zongchang, etc.

In April 1927, shortly after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, it moved to work here in September.

In October 1928, the national government adopted a five chamber system, with the East Court (East Garden) as the office of the Executive Yuan and the West Court (West Garden) as the headquarters of the general staff and the accounting and accounting office. By November 1937, Tan Yankai, Chiang Kai Shek, and Lin Sen had successively served as the chairman of the national government; Tan Yankai, Song Ziwen, Chiang Kai Shek, Chen Mingshu (Acting), Sun Ke, and Wang Jingwei had successively served as the president of the national government; Li Jishen, he Yingqin, Zhu Peide, Chiang Kai Shek, and Cheng Qian had successively served as the chief of staff; Chen Qicai was the chief accountant. On March 28, 1938, Liang Hongzhi and others established the Japanese puppet regime in Nanjing, and the reform government of the Republic of China.

In March 1940, the reform government and the provisional government of the Republic of China, another puppet regime, were merged into Wang Jingwei's Nanjing National Government. The official establishment of Wang Jingwei's puppet regime shows that Wang Jingwei group has completely become a tool of Japanese aggression against China. The national government became the headquarters of the 16th Division of the Japanese army and the executive yuan of the puppet restoration government, as well as the Legislative Yuan, the supervisory yuan and the examination yuan of the Wang puppet government; the eastern yuan of the national government became the puppet Ministry of communications, the Ministry of Railways and other institutions; the Western yuan of the national government became the puppet military Senate.

In May 1946, after the national government returned its capital to Nanjing, it was still the seat of the national government. The East Garden became the Ministry of society, the Ministry of lands, the Ministry of water resources and the overseas Chinese Affairs Committee of the national government; the West Garden became the accounting office, the military order Department of the national government, the military affairs bureau of the presidential palace and the capital garrison headquarters.

On May 20, 1948, after Chiang Kai Shek and Li Zongren were elected president and vice president respectively at the national assembly, the national government was renamed the presidential palace.

On April 23, 1949, the Chinese people's Liberation Army liberated Nanjing. On the early morning of April 24, it captured the presidential palace and liberated Nanjing. After the liberation of Nanjing, the presidential palace has been used as an office.

Since the 1980s, the government departments and units have moved one after another, and in 1998, they began to prepare for the construction of the Museum of modern Chinese history on the former site of the presidential palace.

In February 1982, the "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Tianwang Palace site" in Nanjing presidential palace was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In 1998, the people's Government of Jiangsu Province decided to build the Nanjing Museum of modern Chinese history on the site of the former presidential palace.

In 2001, the "remains of Sun Yat Sen's temporary presidential palace and Nanjing national government buildings" in the presidential palace was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit

.

On September 3, 2002, during the reconstruction of the old city of Nanjing, the wall of the presidential palace was demolished at 0:30. The demolished parts were preserved and promised to be rebuilt in the future.

In March 2003, the construction of the Museum of modern Chinese history was completed and officially opened to the outside world.

In 2004, Nanjing presidential palace was rated as a national AAAA tourist attraction.

China lien Chinese mainland chairman Sun Zhongshan, who was the chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang, visited the mainland China's temporary presidential office and Jiang Jieshi office in the presidential palace of Nanjing. He also remembered the "peace struggle to save China" for the museum. It was the first visit of the chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang to the presidential palace in Nanjing in fifty-eight years.

In September 2016, it was selected into the list of "the first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage".

architectural composition

summary

In addition to the central axis, there are three or four small axes on the East and west sides of the presidential palace in Nanjing. The presidential palace complex experienced six dynasties, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Republic of China and other historical periods, and finally laid the basic pattern of the complex. In the process of expansion, reconstruction and reconstruction again and again, a total of eight axes were produced.

Central axis

The main axis of the presidential palace complex is composed of the gate tower, the lobby, the second hall, the eight character hall, the reception hall, the Qilin gate, the Administration Bureau building and the Zichao building. The first half of the architectural style is mainly Chinese style, while the second half is mostly western style.

The gate tower was built in 1929 and designed by Yao bin. It is also the true God of the palace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Chinese PinYin : Zong Tong Fu