Namjagbarwa

Namjagbarwa is the highest mountain in Nyingchi, with an altitude of 7782 meters, ranking 15th among the highest peaks in the world. However, the 14 mountains in front of Namjagbarwa are all peaks with an altitude of more than 8000 meters, so Namjagbarwa is the highest peak of 7000 meters. It also has another name "muzhuobar mountain". Its huge triangular peak is covered with snow and clouds all the year round. It never shows its true face easily, so it is also called "shame girl peak". There are many interpretations of Namjagbarwa in Tibet, one is "thunder and lightning burning like fire", the other is "spear piercing the sky", and the other is "stone falling from Tianshan Mountain". The latter name comes from the "battle of menling" in the biography of King Gesar. In this section, Namjagbarwa peak is described as "spear piercing the sky".

Namjagbarwa

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Located at the intersection of the Himalayas, Nyainqentanglha and Hengduan Mountains, Namjagbarwa is the highest mountain in Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region of China, with an altitude of 7782 meters. It belongs to the Himalayas and is located at the easternmost end of the Himalayas.

It is the holy land of the oldest Buddhist "yongzhongben religion" in Tibet, known as "the father of the mountains in Tibet". At the same time, the nearby Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon makes a horseshoe shaped bend around it, and then extends out to the Indian Ocean. Namjagbarwa peak is also known as "muzhuobar mountain". Its huge triangular peak is covered with snow and clouds all the year round. It never shows its true face easily, so it is also known as "shame girl peak". Namjagbarwa has many explanations in Tibetan, one is "lightning burns like fire", one is "spear piercing the sky", and the other is "stone falling from Tianshan Mountain". The latter name comes from the "battle of menling" in the biography of King Gesar. In this section, Namjagbarwa peak is described as "like a spear, piercing the sky".

brief introduction

With an altitude of 7782 meters, Namjagbarwa is the 28th highest peak in the world (independent peak, non Wei peak). It also has another name "muzhuobar mountain". Its huge triangular peak is covered with snow and clouds all the year round. It never shows its true face easily. It is said that nine out of ten people never meet it, so it is also known as "shame girl peak".

Namjagbarwa has many explanations in Tibetan, one is "lightning burns like fire", one is "spear piercing the sky", and the other is "stone falling from Tianshan Mountain". The latter name comes from the "battle of menling" in the biography of King Gesar. In this section, Namjagbarwa peak is described as "like a spear, piercing the sky".

Namjagbarwa is located at the intersection of Hengduan Mountains, Himalayas and Nyainqentanglha mountains (gangrigab mountains to the east of Namjagbarwa belong to Hengduan Mountains). It and galaberet peak on the opposite bank with an altitude of 7294 meters hold the Yarlung Zangbo River, forming the world's largest Grand Canyon, Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. During the period of geological movement, the huge faults and strong uplift of the earth's crust made the terrain and landform complex and the natural ecology peculiar.

geographical position

The Yarlung Zangbo River flows eastward along the valley of the northern slope of the Himalayas for more than 1000 kilometers to the tail of the eastern section of the Himalayas. It turns southward at the junction of Linzhi, Milin, Motuo and Bomi counties, forming a horseshoe shaped fjord. On the inner side of the gorge, at 95.0 ° E and 29.6 ° n, is Namjagbarwa, the 28th highest peak in the world, with an altitude of 7782 meters.

The Himalayas, uplifted by the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, extend from east to west, with the central part protruding like a "bow" to the south, forming a "earth knot" at the East and West ends, and the 8125m namjaga Parbat and namjaga Bawa peaks stand respectively.

Geological conditions

Namjagbarwa peak is a short axis syncline structure inclined to the north. The mountain is dominated by gneiss. It mainly has three ridges: Northwest ridge, northeast ridge and South Ridge. The Northeast ridge meanders about 30 kilometers to the Bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River. On the ridge line, there are six rugged hills with an altitude of more than 6000 meters. Two kilometers from the South Ridge is Peng peak with an altitude of 7043 meters. The pass between them is called "Nan'ao". Because its main peak rises high into the clouds, it is covered by clouds all the year round and full of magical legends. It is said that the gods from the sky often come to this mountain to gather and simmer mulberry. The flag cloud caused by the high-altitude wind becomes the smoke of the gods. Since ancient times, this steep mountain has attracted the admiration and awe of human beings. From naipeng peak, there are two herringbone ridges extending to the southeast and southwest respectively, and the northwest ridge line protrudes two snow peaks of 6936m and 7146m. Most of the three slopes of Mt. Namjagbarwa are cut into steep rock cliffs by ice and snow, and the west slope is the most. The bedrock on the slope wall is exposed, and there are many gullies and chutes left by avalanches, and the gorge is covered with huge glaciers.

Climatic characteristics

Glacier type

There are ten glaciers in the valley. Its top is flat and covered with ice and snow all the year round. Most of the glaciers in this area belong to marine glaciers, which move fast. Due to the influence of temperature and precipitation, and the steep terrain, ice and avalanche are very frequent.

Temperature and precipitation

The rainy season is long in this area, which generally lasts from May to September, especially in July, August and September. It rains almost every day. At the same time, the amount of cloud is also very large, and the peak is surrounded by clouds all day long. The dry season is from November to next April, and the weather is mainly sunny. February to April and October to November are alternate periods of dry season and rainy season, which is also a good time to choose mountaineering. However, the high altitude wind is strong on this day, the wind speed is 40 m / S, the temperature is - 20 ~ - 30 ℃, and the temperature variation is relatively large.

Vegetation condition

Nature Museum

The vertical Valley under the Yarlung Zangbo River is the natural water vapor channel of the Indian Ocean warm and humid gas flowing northward to the plateau. In summer, the warm and humid air mass comes from the channel to the plateau. Under the stagnation of the Namjagbarwa gangrigabra mountains, the air mass throws a large amount of rain water on the southern slope of the mountains, making it the area with the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the whole Himalayas.

The south slope of Namjagbarwa peak is the location of Motuo County in Tibet. The altitude difference between baxika and the snow capped peak in Motuo is more than 7000 meters. The ideal landform and superior climate make Namjagbarwa the only mountain with the most complete vertical vegetation spectrum in China. In this unique tropical mountain ecosystem, complex and abundant vegetation types, fauna and flora are developed and propagated. For this reason, many biologists call it "Natural Museum of vegetation type" and "gene bank of mountain biological resources".

Vegetation distribution on the South Slope

On the south slope of Namjagbarwa peak, the valley below 1100 meters has a warm and rainy climate, belonging to the low mountain tropical rain forest zone. Below 500 meters, there is an evergreen rainforest composed of borneol and Saussurea, while above 500 meters, there is a semi evergreen rainforest composed of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Lagerstroemia indica and Acer truncatum. In the dark and humid tropical rain forest, the vines are twining and swaying, and the epiphytes are densely distributed on the branches. There are many tropical plants growing in it, such as rattan, cleistra, yuweicai, niteng, etc., which are similar to the scenery of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.

Between 1100 and 2400 meters, it is a mountainous subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt. The evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is mainly composed of Castanopsis fissa, Cyclobalanopsis glauca and other Fagaceae plants, also grows many precious trees, such as Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe, Schima superba, Michelia, Manglietia, etc.

In the range of 2400-2800 meters, it is a warm temperate coniferous forest belt composed of Tsuga yunnanensis. The height of Tsuga yunnanensis is more than 80 meters, and the diameter is 2-3 meters. The wood is hard and the material is good. In early spring, the tall tree like azaleas under the forest are full of flowers and branches.

2800-4000 meters is the dark coniferous forest belt in the frigid zone, and Abies cangshanensis and Abies motuoensis are the constructive tree species; under the forest, there are various arbor like rhododendrons lying on the folded plate, and the surface is densely covered with thick moss, which is of special interest.

Above 4000 meters, it will enter the shrub meadow zone of frigid zone. It's like a garden on the top of a mountain where all kinds of flowers are in full bloom. The azaleas of different colors compete for each other. These clusters of flowers seem to splash the hillside with yellow, green, red, pink and other colors. Among the luxuriant rhododendrons, there are many delicate flowers, such as Primula, diandimei, qingronghao, Potentilla, donkey hoof grass, Ranunculus, Anemone and so on.

More than 4700 meters is the permanent ice and snow belt. There is snow and ice, and occasionally a few clumps of jagged rocks are exposed.

Vegetation distribution on the North Slope

On the northern slope of Namjagbarwa peak, the ground elevation is high and the precipitation is low. Except Tongmai and Yigong, which are near the water vapor passage, all the mountains are replaced by another kind of mountain vertical belt spectrum developed under relatively arid conditions, and the biota is relatively simple.

Composition of flora

From the point of view of flora, Mt. Namjagbarwa area is the intersection of China Himalaya, India Malay, China Japan and other floristic elements, and the floristic composition is quite complex. In the higher plant area of this area

Chinese PinYin : Nan Jia Ba Wa Feng