The Mutianyu Great Wall

Beijing's Mutianyu Great Wall is located in Huairou District of Beijing, 73 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It has a long history and splendid culture, and enjoys the reputation of "the Great Wall, Mutianyu unique show" at home and abroad. There are many mountains in the scenic area, and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 90%. With a total length of 5400 meters, the Great Wall is the longest in China. It is also one of the 16 famous scenic spots in Beijing and a national AAAAA tourist area. The Mutianyu Great Wall was built in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, the grand commander of Xu Da, at the site of the Great Wall in Northern Qi. It is the essence of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. This section of the great wall connects Gubeikou in the East and Juyongguan in the West. Since ancient times, it has been a military stronghold to defend the capital. There are many famous landscapes, such as zhengguantai, dajiaolou, yingfeidaoyang and so on. The wall of the Great Wall remains intact, which better reflects the ancient charm of the Great Wall. In the scenic spot, there is a domestic first-class cable car climbing the city, and projects such as China dream stone city and shibide slide have been developed, forming an organic combination of Great Wall culture, stone culture and sports fitness and entertainment. Former British Prime Minister Major, former US President Clinton and many other foreign leaders have visited the great wall of Mutianyu.

The Mutianyu Great Wall

Mutianyu Great Wall in Beijing

Located in Huairou District of Beijing, 73 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It has a long history and splendid culture, and enjoys the reputation of "the Great Wall, Mutianyu unique show" at home and abroad. There are many mountains in the scenic area, and the vegetation coverage rate is more than 90%. The length of the Great Wall is 5400 meters, which is the longest in China

It is also one of the 16 famous scenic spots in Beijing and a national AAAAA tourist area.

The Mutianyu Great Wall was built in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, the grand commander of Xu Da, at the site of the Great Wall in Northern Qi. It is the essence of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. This section of the great wall connects Gubeikou in the East and Juyongguan in the West. Since ancient times, it has been a military stronghold to defend the capital. There are many famous landscapes, such as zhengguantai, dajiaolou, yingfeidaoyang and so on. The wall of the Great Wall remains intact, which better reflects the ancient charm of the Great Wall.

In the scenic spot, there is a domestic first-class cable car climbing the city, and projects such as China dream stone city and shibide slide have been developed, forming an organic combination of Great Wall culture, stone culture and sports fitness and entertainment. Former British Prime Minister Major, former US President Clinton and many other foreign leaders have visited the great wall of Mutianyu.

Historical evolution

Mutianyu used to be a small mountain village, located in beixinying township (now Bohai town) of Huairou District, where the mountains are undulating and the trees are luxuriant. The Great Wall winds from southeast to northwest on the top of the mountains. The mountains here are gentle and steep, alternating with straight and curved, so they are very three-dimensional. Because of its very important geographical location, Mutianyu pass is known as "Weiling Xiongguan", and Mutianyu pass is one of the important passes that supported the capital and Ming imperial mausoleum in Ming Dynasty. There were many wars here. The great wall of Mutianyu is connected with Juyongguan in the West and Gubeikou in the East. It is the eastern section of Huanghua Town, the north gate of the capital. It has been known as the northern barrier of Gongwei capital and imperial mausoleum since ancient times, and Mutianyu pass is one of the important gates supporting the capital and imperial mausoleum in Ming Dynasty. (Volume 7 of Chang'an Hakka, Guanzhen magazine)

During the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577), the Great Wall was built in Mutianyu, which was rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty. According to literature research, the great wall of Mutianyu was built by Xu Da, a general under Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty (who was once named the king of Zhongshan, also known as Zhongshan), on the site of the great wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty. (according to the records of Qian'an County in the 12th year of Tongzhi, "in the early Ming Dynasty, Xu Zhongshan built a border wall, which reached Mutianyu from the mountain customs in the West. It was more than 1700 Li, and the border defense was dense."

In 1404 ad (the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), the "Mutianyu pass" was built. (see page 153 2466, Volume 153, frontier barrier, a study of the past and the future.)

In 1569 (the third year of Longqing), Zhu Zaiyang, the emperor of Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty, appointed Qi Jiguang, a famous general to fight against Japanese invaders, to train soldiers in Jizhen, Changzhen and Baoding. He led the army to renovate the two thousand li great wall including the Mutianyu section. The remains were completed in the autumn of the fifth year of Longqing. Up to 2013, the Great Wall preserved and restored in Mutianyu is one of the best preserved sections of the great wall of the Ming Dynasty in China.

Natural climate

Beijing's spring and autumn is neither cold nor hot, and the climate is moderate. It is an ideal tourist season. Especially in autumn, the sky is clear and the climate is pleasant. It is called "golden Beijing" by Chinese and foreign tourists. The best travel months of the year are April, may, September and October.

Features of scenic spots

（1） High vegetation coverage - the scenic area is rich in plant species, with a vegetation coverage rate of more than 96%. The scenery is different throughout the year, and the scenery is pleasant. It enjoys the reputation of "the Great Wall, Mutianyu is unique" at home and abroad.

（2） It is different from Juyong Pass, Shanhai Pass and Jiayu pass. Zhengguantai is composed of three hollow enemy towers, which are connected together. The buildings on both sides are smaller, and the middle one is larger. There are three watchtowers on top of the three enemy towers. The gate is not set in the center, but on the east side of the gate. The gate is also set on both sides of the enemy tower. This unique gate building is rare in the Great Wall. (3) the number of enemy towers is very high: from Mu Zi Yi Tai (dajiaolou) to Mu Zi Si Tai (zhengguantai), there are four enemy towers less than 500 meters; from Mu Zi Yi Tai to Mu Zi 20 Tai, the length is only 3000 meters, and there are 25 enemy towers, enemy towers, wall platforms and pavilions. This section of the Great Wall with an enemy tower about 100 meters is also rare. (4) the Great Wall has double-sided crenels. Most of the other sections of the Great Wall have crenels on one side outside the Great Wall, while the Mutianyu section has crenels on both sides. The crenels are the bunkers where the city guards fight against the enemy. The two crenels wall means that both sides fight against the enemy, which shows the important strategic position of Mutianyu section of the Great Wall in history. (5) the inner and outer branch cities coexist - the branch cities, that is, the Great Wall built outside the main Great Wall in accordance with the needs of the war. The outer branch city of Mutianyu is the great wall connecting with the 11th stage of mu, and the inner branch city is "the edge of bald tail".

（6） Mutianyu pass, with the lowest terrain, is only 486 meters above sea level. To the East, it rises abruptly, less than 500 meters to dajiaolou In the west, from Mu Zi Si Tai (Zhengguan Tai) to Mu Zi 19 Tai, the ups and downs are not big and relatively gentle. From Mu Zi 20 Tai to the highest point of niujiaobian, only passing through nearly 10 enemy towers, it rises 533 meters from 486 meters of Mutianyu pass to 1039 meters, which is spectacular.

Scenic spot landscape

Current situation of Architecture

It is understood that the the Great Wall in Beijing and Hebei is mostly brick masonry. It is the most complete essence section of the Ming the Great Wall so far. With the increasing number of tourism development areas, the situation of man-made destruction has become increasingly serious. According to the results of the Great Wall ten thousand li tour organized by the Great Wall Society of China in 2002, not counting the newly renovated Dandong Hushan Great Wall, from the traditional starting point of the Ming Great Wall, Shanhaiguan laolongtou Great Wall to Jinshanling Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall, Mutianyu Great Wall, Badaling Great Wall and Juyongguan Great Wall, man-made damage exists to varying degrees.

In response to this situation, on March 4, 2014, a graffiti area was set up in Beipu room on the west side of No. 14 enemy building, Mutianyu Great Wall, Huairou District, Beijing, which was full of signatures and messages from various tourists. It is reported that as one of the victims of "disfigurement", Mutianyu Great Wall scenic spot has been seeking ways to remove the lettering on the Great Wall. Although the scenic spot has taken corresponding measures to dissuade and stop tourists from this phenomenon, it still can not completely eliminate this kind of phenomenon, and has never completely cured this stubborn disease. "Since tourists like graffiti, they should develop it as a landscape and set up a graffiti area. "According to the person in charge of Mutianyu Great Wall, a special graffiti area has been set up in the North shop on the west side of No. 14 enemy tower. In due course, two new graffiti areas will be added in No. 5 and No. 10 enemy tower for tourists to sign their names. At the same time, the scenic area should consider setting up an "electronic graffiti wall" at an appropriate time and location to meet the "graffiti" wishes of some tourists.

mode of transportation

Mutianyu special line of Hong Kong and Macao Center: (full speed)

Departure place: Swiss apartment, east of Hong Kong and Macao Center, Beijing (at the gate of Hang Seng Bank; exit C of dongshitiao station of Metro Line 2)

Departure time: morning shift 07:30-08:00 / afternoon shift 11:00

Return time: 14:30 AM / 18:00 PM

Place of return: Beijing Hong Kong and Macao Center (east 40 subway entrances)

Stay in the scenic spot: stay in Mutianyu Great Wall scenic spot for 5 hours for free sightseeing.

Ticket office of Mutianyu Great Wall scenic spot: it is suggested to buy tickets online in advance or get on the bus (according to the passenger flow of the day, until they are sold out)

Price (transportation fee): it can be reserved on the official website of Mu bus, and it is 80 yuan / person for two-way round-trip adults (it is not allowed to use the all-in-one bus card, all kinds of free certificates are invalid, and children have half price discount)

Price includes: shuttle bus, Chinese and English staff, scenic spot ferry bus

Heping West Bridge Mutianyu special line: (full speed)

Departure place: entrance B of Heping Xiqiao subway station, North Third Ring Road, Beijing (Metro Line 5, Heping Xiqiao station, exit b)

Departure time: 07:00-08:30

Return time: 14:00-15:00

Place of return: entrance B, hepingxiqiao subway station, North Third Ring Road, Beijing

scenic spot

Chinese PinYin : Mu Tian Yu Zhang Cheng