Badaling Great Wall

Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Guangou ancient road, Jundushan, Yanqing District, Beijing. It is an important part of the great wall and a pass of the Ming Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is an important outpost of Juyong Pass, which is called "the danger of Juyong is not in the pass, but in Badaling". The Badaling section of the Ming Great Wall is called "Yuguan natural moat", which is one of the eight scenes of Juyongguan in the Ming Dynasty. Badaling Great Wall is the first section of the Ming Great Wall to be opened to tourists. Badaling scenic area is mainly composed of Badaling Great Wall. It has built Badaling Hotel and China Great Wall Museum, which is inscribed by President Jiang Zemin. Badaling scenic spot is a demonstration site of national civilized scenic spot. It is famous for its magnificent landscape, perfect facilities and profound cultural and historical connotation. It is a world-famous tourist resort. Starting from July 29, 2016, the Badaling Great Wall is free of admission tickets to servicemen and disabled servicemen. From June 1, 2019, Badaling Great Wall scenic spot began to implement the full network real name booking system, and tried to control the total number of tourists in a single day, with a maximum daily flow of 65000. Booking tickets 7 days in advance, scanning code to buy tickets only takes 1 minute, holding ID card to enter the park faster. In July 2019, Badaling Special Zone Office officially took over the Shuiguan section and ancient great wall section of Badaling Great Wall, which were originally managed by Badaling Tourism Corporation. Shuiguan great wall and ancient Great Wall will be managed by Badaling special zone office together with Badaling Great Wall. The Shuiguan Great Wall is the east section of the Badaling Great Wall, and the ancient Great Wall is the west gate of the Badaling Great Wall. Both of them belong to the military defense system of the Badaling Great Wall, which greatly enriches the cultural values of the original historical appearance, shuimen's conquering the enemy, archaeological sites, natural ecology and so on. On September 30, 2019, Beijing Badaling Great Wall staged a light show.

Ancient architecture

According to the records of historical records and the general survey of cultural relics workers, it has been proved that there was a great wall built in the area of Badaling during the Warring States period. Today, there are still remains of remnant walls and piers. Its trend is roughly the same as that of the great wall of the Ming Dynasty. According to the records of Han Dynasty, there were two Guancheng cities, Jundu and Juyong. According to the notes to the water classic of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "Juyong Pass is in the Juyong boundary, so the name of the pass is the same. In the south, juegu pass is located in the juegu valley. The stone is the site of the pass. It is not a lightness skill that can be promoted Its water is in the south of the mountain, and the capital of Jingjun is in the border. " Therefore, some experts believe that Juyong Pass was built in the Han Dynasty, and the pass was located in Badaling.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty 1500 years ago, the Great Wall was built in Badaling. According to the records of Weishu Shizu Benji, in 446, the Tuoba family of the Northern Wei dynasty built the Great Wall to the north of Pingcheng (today's Datong), the capital of the state. It was called "jishangsaiwei". It started from Shanggu Jundu mountain (namely Badaling area) in the East and reached the Bank of the Yellow River in the West. Later, in the sixth year of Tianbao (555) of the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Great Wall was built, starting from Datong in the West and going to Shandong by military capital, extending the Great Wall to the seaside.

Rebuilding in Ming Dynasty

Badaling Great Wall was built in 1505, the 18th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty. It has been built for more than 80 years, with a total of more than 1300 Li. Qi Jiguang, a famous Anti Japanese general, was transferred to the north to command the defense of the Great Wall, which was a part of the great defense project of ancient China.

Development and utilization

In 1953, Guancheng and part of the city wall were restored and turned into a tourist area. After many renovations, there are 3741 meters of tourist sites, including 1176 meters in the South and 2565 meters in the north. There are 16 enemy platforms.

In March 1961, "the Great Wall Badaling" was identified as the first batch of national cultural relics protection units.

In 1961, the State Council designated Badaling Guancheng and the city wall as the key cultural relics protection units in China.

In 1982, it was listed as a national key scenic spot; Badaling, as an important part of Beijing Badaling Ming Tombs scenic spot, was approved by the State Council as one of the first batch of national scenic spots.

In 1984, on the initiative of Comrade Deng Xiaoping to "love China and repair the Great Wall", the old Xiongguan was replaced with a new look, and 19 enemy towers were restored successively. The total length of the city wall was 3741 meters, making the total area of sightseeing reach 19000 square meters.

In 1986, Badaling was rated as one of the 16 scenic spots in New Beijing and the first of the top ten scenic spots in China.

In 1987, it was listed in the world cultural heritage list by UNESCO.

In August 1991, Badaling, as the cream of the Great Wall, accepted the UNESCO's certificate of human culture heritage at the the Imperial Palace Museum in Beijing. In December 1991, at the naming conference of the 40 best tourist attractions in China held in Zhuhai (94 national candidate scenic spots, 480000 valid votes recovered), Badaling became the first of the 40 best tourist attractions in China because of its famous scenic spots, with 370000 absolute majority votes.

In 1992, it was awarded the first place in the world tourism of Beijing.

In 1995, Badaling Great Wall was named "national patriotism education base" by China Working Committee for caring for the next generation.

In 1998, Badaling Expressway was completed and opened to traffic, and the traffic is very convenient.

From 2000 to 2009, more than 500 heads of state or government or leaders of the ruling party from all over the world climbed the great wall of Badaling.

On May 8, 2007, Badaling Great Wall was officially approved as a national 5A scenic spot by the National Tourism Administration.

geographical position

Badaling Great Wall is located at the north entrance of Guangou ancient road, Jundushan, Yanqing District, Beijing. Longitude 115 ° 59 ′ 52 ″ - 115 ° 59 ′ 31 ″ e, latitude 40 ° 21 ′ 9 ″ n - 40 ° 21 ′ 15 ″ n. History is one of the nine entries in the world. It is the essence of the Great Wall and is unique in Ming the Great Wall. This section of the Great Wall is precipitous and high. It is an important military pass in the Ming Dynasty and an important barrier to the capital Beijing. Badaling, with its superior geographical environment, has been an important road leading to Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Zhangjiakou since ancient times.

Climate conditions

Beijing Badaling is located in the northern edge of North China Plain, close to mountains and sea. It is a typical warm temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow have their own characteristics. The annual average temperature is 11.8 ℃, the coldest is - 4.6 ℃ in January, the hottest is July, and the monthly average is 26.1 ℃. The annual average temperature of Badaling is more than 3 ℃ lower than that of Beijing, and it has become the tourism leader of Yanqing, the "summer capital". Beijing has shorter spring and autumn and longer winter, with an average annual precipitation of 644 mm and a frost free period of 180 days.

Badaling Great Wall is a trapezoidal city with narrow East and wide west. It was built in the 18th year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1505) and repaired in Jiajing and Wanli years. There are two gates in Guancheng, the East Gate inscribed with "juyongwaizhen" in 1539, and the west gate inscribed with "lock key of North Gate" in 1582. The two gates are of brick and stone structure. The platform is on the Chuandong. There are channels in the north and south of the platform, connecting the city wall of Guancheng. Crenels are built around the platform. 1316 piers and abutments are built in front and back.

Badaling Great Wall typically shows the magnificent and precipitous style of the Great Wall. As a barrier to Beijing, the mountains here overlap and the situation is dangerous. The majestic city wall circled from north to South and extended among the mountains, with no end in sight. The Great Wall, which stretches out on both sides of the mountain, stands on a precipice. The word "natural danger" written by the ancients on the precipice exactly sums up the military importance of the location of Badaling.

Wangjingshi

It is located in the south of Guanqian Avenue, juyongwai town. It is a natural granite with a height of 1 meter and a length of 15 meters, engraved with the word "Wangjing stone".

Natural danger

Located in the inner side of dongguanmen, on the cliff above the right of today's bear paradise. On a carved cliff, the word "natural danger" is inscribed by Tong en, governor of yanqingzhou in the 15th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1835). It is engraved by Liu Zhenzong in Baoyang.

Tanqin Gorge

Located at the foot of Wugui (ghost) mountain, it is one of the scenic spots of Guangou.

pass

Badaling used to be a pass, but later it was built as a pass city. From 1569 to 1582, the barrier was built at gekou, and the border city, tip wall and horse retaining wall were built on the mountains on both sides of gekou. Later, it was gradually added to the Great Wall, and enemy towers and piers were built. It starts from caohuading in Sichuan, passes through shifosikou, east entrance of Qinglongqiao, West entrance of Qinglongqiao, wangguayukou, Badaling entrance, huamuliang entrance, yujiachong entrance, heidougukou and shixiayu, with a total length of about 12 km. Badaling Great Wall, Guancheng, city wall, fortress and Juyong Pass in the middle of Guangou constituted a complete military defense system of Beijing in Ming Dynasty.

Chadao City

According to the records of Yanqing Prefecture, "there are two branches, one to huailaiwei, the other to Xuanfu (now Xuanhua) from Yulin, Tutu and Jiming, and the other to yanqingzhou, yongningwei and sihaizhi." So it's called "fork road". According to archaeological reports, the Chadao city began to be built in 1551, and was finally built after more than 30 years. The whole city is irregular rectangular, with a little drum in the middle and a little shrinkage at both ends. It was built according to the mountain situation, and the northern city was built on the middle of the mountain. The whole city is 510 meters from east to west and 185 meters from south to North in the shape of a boat. The whole city covers an area of about 83000 square meters, and the wall is 8.5 meters high. It is made of stone bricks, lime and soil. There are horse roads on the city, crenels, observation holes and shooting ports on the outer wall, and two beacon towers on the south wall. The construction of the city wall can be divided into two periods. In the early period, rammed earth was used inside, and stone and lime were used outside. In the late period, stone and brick were used outside the original city wall.

Ancient cannon

Chen Zhan, one of the most advanced weapons of his time, had five iron cannons beside the horse road at the entrance of Dengcheng in Badaling pass. The largest gun barrel is 2.85 meters long,

Chinese PinYin : Ba Da Ling Zhang Cheng