Zhanyuan

Zhanyuan is the oldest existing garden in Nanjing. It was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. It was originally the West Garden of Xu Peng Ju's mansion, the grandson of Xu Da VII, the founder of the Ming Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, it was changed into Jiangning buzhengshi Si Yamen. During Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, he visited Zhanyuan twice and inscribed the plaque of "Zhanyuan". When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Nanjing, it served as the residence of Yang Xiuqing, the eastern king, and Lai Hanying, the Deputy Prime Minister of the summer palace.

The layout of Zhanyuan is elegant and exquisite. There are magnificent ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, steep rockeries, well-known Taihu stone of Northern Song Dynasty, quiet and elegant pavilions and pavilions. Up to now, there is a treasure "Huzi stele" in the palace, which can be called "one hundred year old stele, the first in the world", as well as the world's earliest air-conditioning building "copper Pavilion", The garden is mainly composed of a group of ancient buildings in the Middle East and gardens in the West. The garden is famous for rockery and waterside pavilion. It is said that the rockery "Xianren peak" is a relic of "huashigang" in the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, and the Jingmiao hall is the Yuanyang hall, both of which are excellent works of Nanjing gardens.

Zhanyuan

Zhanyuan is located in the core area of Qinhuai scenery belt of Confucius Temple in Qinhuai District of Nanjing city. It is the oldest classical garden of Ming Dynasty in Nanjing. It is one of the four famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Its history can be traced back to the residence of King Wu before Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor of Ming Dynasty, and then to the residence garden of Zhongshan King Xu Da. It is known as a false mountain. It was named after Ouyang Xiu's poem "looking at the jade hall, like in the sky". It was called "South Garden" in Ming Dynasty "The first garden in the capital". Now it is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

Zhanyuan is the best preserved classical garden complex of Ming Dynasty in Nanjing. It is also the only open palace of Ming Dynasty. It used to be a part of Xu Da's mansion, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and the office of Jiangnan ministers in Qing Dynasty. During the period of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, it was Yang Xiuqing's mansion. Zhanyuan, like most gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, has a complex evolution and a changing landscape.

Zhanyuan, covering an area of about 20000 square meters, has more than 20 scenic spots. The layout is elegant and exquisite. There are magnificent ancient buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties, steep rockeries, famous Taihu stone of Northern Song Dynasty, quiet and elegant pavilions, and overlapping peaks. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is the only special history museum of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China. The Baifu in the dream of Red Mansions (87) and the legend of the new white lady (Zhao Yazhi) are the shooting sites in Zhanyuan.

Historical evolution

Zhanyuan is the oldest existing garden in Nanjing, with a history of more than 600 years.

Zhanyuan was built in the early Ming Dynasty. It was the residence of King Wu before Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor of Ming Dynasty. It was not accepted because Zhu Yuanzhang granted the residence and Xu Da. Later, it built a new residence based on the Guandi Temple opposite the residence and built a wide range of gardens. It is the garden of Xu Da's residence. Shiji and Wisteria are still preserved.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang built the garden for Xu Da, the king of Zhongshan, because Xu Da had no peaceful residence. It was repaired and expanded by the seventh, eighth and ninth generations of Xu's family. By the time of Wanli, it had begun to take shape.

In 1645, the garden became the left political envoy Office of Jiangnan province. When Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan, he stayed in the garden and inscribed the plaque "Zhanyuan".

In 1853, when the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established in Nanjing, Zhanyuan was the office of Yang Xiuqing, the East King, Lai Hanying, the Deputy Prime Minister of Xia, and Xiao Youhe, the young West King.

In 1864, the Qing army captured Tianjing, and the garden was destroyed by war. In 1865 and 1903, Zhanyuan was rebuilt twice, but it was not the original garden.

During the period of the Republic of China, Jiangsu provincial governor's office, the Ministry of the interior of the national government, the Water Conservancy Commission, the central United Bureau, the detention house of the military police headquarters and other government organs once set up gardens. After years of changes, Zhanyuan's scope has become narrower and narrower, with withered flowers and trees and scattered peaks and rocks. Although it has been repaired several times, it has not been able to restore its original splendor.

After 1949, the third branch of the Public Security Bureau was stationed in Siyuan. In the summer of 1957, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum moved in.

In 1958, Peng Chong, Secretary of the CPC Nanjing Municipal Committee, directed the renovation of Zhanyuan. In the same year, the renovation work began, and the first phase of the project was to build the west of Zhanyuan.

After 1958, Nanjing established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum in the park.

In 1960, Professor Liu Dunzhen, a famous Chinese expert in ancient architecture, presided over the restoration and renovation of Zhanyuan garden, which not only retained the original pattern characteristics, but also made full use of the research achievements of classical gardens, and creatively inherited and developed the excellent gardening art of China. It took six years to use 1800 tons of Taihu stone to make Zhanyuan look new.

In 1983, Zhanyuan was listed as one of the 40 scenic spots in Jinling.

The second phase of the project started in 1985 and was completed in 1987. A total of 4000 square meters of garden area was increased, 13 pavilions and pavilions were built, with a construction area of 2882 square meters. Fully inclusive and equitable, the two gardens of the East and west gardens have preserved the landscape style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and also draw the essence of modern South and North gardening art, forming a characteristic of harmony.

In 2004, Zhanyuan was designated as the designated scenic spot of "2004 world famous historical and cultural city Expo in Nanjing, China".

In 2005, Zhanyuan ranked among the 48 new Jinling scenic spots.

In 2012, "new Jinling 48 scenery" was selected here, Zhanyuan was listed as "Zhanyuan Yutang".

architectural composition

Zhanyuan garden is one of the famous gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Zhanyuan faces south, 127 meters deep and 123 meters wide from east to west. The total area of Zhanyuan is 25100 square meters, including 9600 square meters of building area and 15500 square meters of landscaping area. There are 810 trees and shrubs in the garden, and the bamboo area is 400 square meters.

Mountain, water and stone are the main scenery of Zhanyuan. In the East Zhanyuan, there are Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum exhibition area, water courtyard, lawn area and ancient building area. In the West Zhanyuan, there are west rockery, South rockery, North rockery and jingmiaotang.

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom History Museum is located in the East and northeast of Zhanyuan. It was originally the building of Jiangnan province and Jiangning political envoy office. It is composed of Zhaobi and Wujin hall.

The gate is in the east half. There is a screen wall opposite the gate. In front of the screen wall is a relief of the Taiping rebellion. There is a large plaque on the gate, which reads "the first garden of Jinling", and the character is inscribed by Zhao Puchu.

Jingmiao Hall of xizhanyuan is located in the southwest of xizhanyuan, facing south rockery, West rockery and North rockery. It is the main building of xizhanyuan.

South rockery is located in front of jingmiaotang, covering an area of 900 square meters. It is made of more than 1000 tons of Taihu stone. The cliff of linchi is 7 meters high, and the main peak is 9 meters high. It is composed of cliffs, caves, stalactites, pedals, Shiji, waterfalls and stepping stones.

North rockery is located in the north of xizhanyuan, with an area of 1100 square meters.

West rockery is located in the west of Zhanyuan, covering an area of 1050 square meters. From the North rockery by 8.87 meters long Sanqu bridge landing, that is, the West rockery.

Dongzhanyuan water garden is located in the east of beichi. It is connected with the corridor of xizhanyuan in the West and the exhibition area in the East, covering an area of 800 square meters.

Dongzhanyuan lawn area is located in the middle of dongzhanyuan, with exhibition area in the East, Shuiyuan area in the north, xizhanyuan area in the West and ancient building area in the south, covering an area of 1026 square meters.

Dongzhanyuan ancient building area is located in the southeast of dongzhanyuan, covering an area of 797.5 square meters.

Main attractions

Fan Pavilion

Fan Pavilion is a miracle of the palace. It is the earliest air-conditioning building in the world - Copper Pavilion, and the earliest heating equipment.

Xianren peak

Xianren peak is a beautiful Taihu stone in the garden behind the south gate. Xianren peak is the representative of the famous stones in Zhanyuan. The rare stones in Zhanyuan include Xiangyun peak, Yousong stone, bu stone and fried stone. Some of them are the treasures of Jiangnan gardens. Some of them are the remains of Huashi class of song Huizong.

Yiyunfeng

Yiyun peak is an abrupt and beautiful Taihu Lake stone, which is as famous as Xianren peak in the osmanthus cluster in the southeast corner of Hualan hall.

Jingmiao Hall

Jingmiao hall, built in Ming Dynasty, is a hard mountain building with three bays and front porches. The cornice is 3.82 meters high and covers an area of 195.75 square meters. The interior is divided into two mandarin duck halls. The East and West Gables have small windows, and the South and North are floor doors. In the south of the hall, a platform and a column are built to provide a panoramic view of Zhanyuan.

Jingmiaotang is a mandarin duck hall facing the pool. It divides the whole garden into two spaces, North and south, with two pools. The south water pool is next to the south edge of Jingmiao hall, slightly gourd shaped, with a large side near the building and a small south end. North pool, the space is relatively open, tortuous and rich changes. It is adjacent to the corridor in the East, Shiji in the north, Shibi in the West and lawn in the south. On the west side of jingmiaotang, there is a clear stream connecting the north and South pools, which makes the north and South spaces with distinct styles gather and connect with each other.

South rockery

Zhanyuan is a famous rockery garden with an area of only 8 mu, and rockery accounts for 3.7 mu. Zhanyuan is divided into two groups: the South rockery and the North rockery. All of them are made by stacking rockeries. However, the precision of stacking and the large area are really superb.

The rockery of the South rockery stretches up and down, and its shape is small

Chinese PinYin : Zhan Yuan