Xilin Gol prairie

Xilinguole is Mongolian, which means River in hilly area. Located in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it covers an area of 1078600 hectares. It was established with the approval of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1985. It was accepted as a member of the "international biosphere reserve" network by UNESCO in 1987. It was promoted to the national level in 1997. The main protected objects are meadow grassland, typical grassland, sandy sparse forest grassland and valley wetland ecosystem. It is one of the famous grasslands in the world and the main natural grassland of Inner Mongolia.

Xilinguole grassland

synonym

Xilinguole grassland (Inner Mongolia grassland) generally refers to Xilinguole grassland (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)

Xilinguole grassland is located in the eastern and central part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, covering an area of 179600 square kilometers, with excellent forage grass accounting for 50% of the grassland group. It is a pasture with rich water and grass, an important ecological barrier in North China, and the nearest grassland pastoral area to Beijing. There is the only Xilinguole National Grassland Nature Reserve in China that has been incorporated into the international biosphere monitoring system by UNESCO Protection area. It is one of the four grasslands in China.

Xilinguole grassland is a typical temperate grassland with complex types, well preserved and rich biodiversity. It is also an important ecological barrier in Beijing Tianjin region and Northern China.

Historical evolution

Xilingol Grassland is not only one of the birthplaces of Mongolian, but also the place where Genghis Khan and his descendants went to the Central Plains and the world. In the process of unifying Mongolian tribes, Genghis Khan fought the famous battle of wuluhui in the Ulagai River Basin of Dongwu banner, broke through the defense line of Jin Dynasty for the first time in wushabu of XISU banner, started the journey of destroying Jin Dynasty, and fought the famous battle of Yehuling in Taiqi and its south, annihilating 300000 elite of Jin Dynasty. Therefore, there are many legends about Genghis Khan in Xilingol prairie.

Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the throne on the Xilingol Grassland, established the Great Yuan Empire, and built the famous capital of the Yuan Dynasty on the Xilingol Grassland; eight emperors of the Yuan Dynasty also succeeded to the throne. Therefore, since Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty has really become the hometown of Xilinguole grassland.

Xilin Gol League, with a long traditional history, has not only the boundless, spacious and profound beauty, but also the dynamic beauty of cattle and sheep in the wind and grass, as well as the harmonious beauty of blue sky and white clouds, green grass, herdsmen and nature. The typical grassland of Huiteng Xile, which is full of flowers, reappears the beautiful scenery of cattle and sheep in the wind and grass. The Xilin River is like a white hada falling on the grassland, which can make you forget to return.

In 1987, it was accepted as a member of the World Biosphere Reserve Network by UNESCO's "man and biosphere project".

In 1997, it was promoted to a national nature reserve with the approval of the State Council.

In 2004, he became a member of the Nature Reserve Committee of China Biodiversity Conservation Foundation.

Xilingol Grassland is one of the six most beautiful grasslands in China, which was selected in the list of the most beautiful places in China on October 23, 2005.

General situation of grassland

Xilinguole grassland is located in the Xilinguole plateau in the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its geographical coordinates are between 110 ° 50 ′～ 119 ° 58 ′ E and 41 ° 30 ′～ 46 ° 45 ′ n. It covers an area of 179600 square kilometers, and its fine forages account for 50% of the grassland. It is a pasture with rich water and grass.

Natural grassland can be divided into five categories, namely meadow grassland, typical grassland, desert grassland, sandy vegetation and other grassland. Meadow steppe is mainly distributed in the northeast and east of Ximeng, mainly in low mountains and hills, high plain and wide valley plain terrain, which is the transition section from forest to grassland. Typical steppe is mainly distributed in the middle of Ximeng, which is the main body of Xilinguole grassland. The terrain is mainly plain and low hills, with an available area of 134 million mu, accounting for 50.6% of the total available grassland in Ximeng, and the surface water ratio is 1.5% The desert steppe is located in the west of Ximeng, with an available area of 42.43 million mu, accounting for 15.9% of the total available grassland area. The vegetation belongs to xerophytic type. The plant community is mainly composed of xerophytic tufted grasses, mixed with small semi shrubs and Allium plants, which is suitable for raising sheep and camels. The sandy vegetation is mainly distributed in the West and middle of Ximeng In the southern region, vegetation is a combination of plant communities developed on pure sandy parent material soil. Sandy plants are the main body of sandy vegetation, accompanied by a large number of shrubs such as elm, willow, birch and semi shrub forests. The usable area of sandy vegetation is 35.91 million mu, accounting for 13.6% of the usable grassland area in the league. Among the main livestock breeds, the local excellent breeds are ujmuqin sheep, Sunit sheep, ujmuqin white goat, Sunit Bactrian camel and ujmuqin horse; the new breeds are Inner Mongolia fine wool sheep, Inner Mongolia cashmere goat, grassland red cattle and xilingolema; the introduced breeds are black and white dairy cattle, Simmental beef cattle, etc.

geographical environment

terrain

The terrain of Xilinguole grassland inclines from southeast to northwest. In the southeast, there are many low mountains and hills, and basins are scattered. In the northwest, the terrain is flat, and some low mountains and hills and lava platforms are scattered. Wuzhumuqin basin is located in the northeast with dense river network and abundant water resources. In the southwest, Hunshandake sandy land is composed of a series of ridge sand belts, mostly fixed and semi fixed sand dunes. The altitude ranges from 800m to 1200m.

climate

Xilinguole grassland belongs to the semi-arid and arid continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone. It is cold, windy and arid. The annual average temperature is 1 ℃ - 2 ℃, the frost free period is 90-120 days, and the annual precipitation is 150-400 mm from northwest to Southeast.

natural resources

Xilinguole grassland is not only rich in vegetation types, but also rich in plant species, which provides a good ecological environment for the development of animal husbandry. Xilinguole grassland is the most representative temperate steppe with tufted grasses (Stipa, Leymus chinensis) in China. It is also a well preserved part of the original steppe in eastern Asia of Eurasia. The type of ecological environment in the reserve is unique, which has the basic characteristics of grassland biological community, and can fully reflect the structure and ecological process of typical grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia Plateau.

658 species of seed plants, 299 genera and 74 families, 73 species of bryophytes and 46 species of macrofungi have been found in the reserve, including 426 species of medicinal plants and 116 species of fine forages. The distribution of wild animals in the reserve reflects the characteristics of Mongolian Plateau flora. There are 33 species of mammals such as yellow sheep, wolf and fox, and 76 species of birds. Among them, there are 5 species of wild animals under first-class national protection, such as Red Crowned Crane, white stork, great bustard and jade ribbon sea sculpture, and 21 species of wild animals under second-class national protection, such as Swan, grassland sculpture and yellow sheep. It is the largest grassland and meadow ecosystem type Nature Reserve in China, and plays an important role in the protection of grassland biodiversity and has obvious international influence.

Tourism information

Xilinguole grassland has beautiful grassland natural scenery, simple Mongolian customs, unique production and life style, numerous cultural relics, long history and culture, and pleasant summer climate. Ximeng has developed tourism projects such as riding horses, riding camels, archery, riding a Leche, herding sheep, offering sacrifices to Oboo, Mongolian song and dance, costume performance, and experiencing the production and life of herdsmen. It has launched the "tour around Xilinhot Natural Grassland", "rehabilitation and health care tour of the holy spring of Arshan mountain", "pastoral Tour", "folk custom tour of Xilinguole Grassland", "wedding tour of Grassland", "governance tour of Shayuan", "Exploration Tour of the site of yuanshangdu", "Dinosaur Cemetery Tour", "border tour between China and Mongolia", "grassland Nadam", "sacrifice to Oboo", "forest, desert and snow" Special special tourism, such as bicycle rally, motorcycle, automobile cross-country race, hunting, skating, skiing and so on. Tourism activities are unique and colorful.

traffic

road trip

Beijing Badaling Expressway Beijing Zhangjiakou Zhangbei National Highway 207 Xilinguole grassland

Detailed route: Badaling Expressway Beijing Zhangjiakou Expressway pass daijiaying toll station, walk about 10 km to see fork road, turn right to Zhangjiakou Zhangjiakou exit expressway, walk about 1 km to see Xinshui gas station Turn left and go straight on National Highway 110 for about 13.8km, turn right and go straight on national highway 207 to Xilinhot, go to Jiancha road in Zhangbei, turn right and go straight along national highway 207, enter Inner Mongolia boundary, toll station No.3, Xilinguole grassland

train

You can take a plane or train to Hohhot, transfer to a long-distance bus to Wuzhong banner (the reference fare is 20 yuan), and then charter a bus to Xilin Gol Grassland. Or take a train from Hohhot to Zhuozishan (the ticket price is 7 yuan), and then charter a car to Xilin Gol Grassland, which saves time.

automobile

There is a direct bus from Xizhimen bus station in Beijing. It usually leaves at about 4 or 5 p.m. it takes about 12 hours and costs about 140 yuan. You can also take a train from Beijing to Chifeng, and then transfer to a minibus. The bus ride is about 10 hours. You can see Dalinor lake and enjoy the grassland along the way

Chinese PinYin : Xi Lin Guo Le Da Cao Yuan