Jiumenkou Great Wall

--Before the Ming Dynasty, jiumenkou Great Wall was an important military gateway and the only section of the Great Wall on water in China. Its river crossing wall was more than 100 meters long.

--The Jiujiang river flows through the nine water gates under the city. "The city walks on the mountain, and the water flows down the city." the scenery is spectacular.

--The temperature on the mountain changes greatly, and the mountain wind is also strong. Therefore, you should take enough clothes when you go up the mountain.

Suizhong jiumenkou Great Wall

synonym

Jiumenkou great wall generally refers to Suizhong jiumenkou Great Wall

Suizhong jiumenkou Great Wall is located in xintaizi village, Li hometown, Suizhong County, Huludao City, Liaoning Province, 10 kilometers away from Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao City, 20 kilometers away from Qinhuangdao City, with a total length of 1704 meters.

Its southern end starts from the cliff between the dangerous peaks and connects with the Great Wall from the direction of the mountain customs. Since then, the Great Wall has extended northward along the ridge to the South Bank of the local Jiujiang river. On the Jiujiang River, which is 100 meters wide, a large-scale city bridge has been built to continue to meander northward among the mountains. "The city walks on the water, the water flows in the city." It is the image description of the Great Wall at jiumenkou

Construction history

Jiumenkou, known as a stone in ancient times, was an important road between Beijing and Fengshui before Ming Dynasty. In 1381, the great general Xu Da presided over the construction of the great wall of Jizhen. After the construction of the Great Wall, yipianshiguan was replaced by jiumenkou pass, which became an important gateway for transportation inside and outside the pass. In 1644, Li Zicheng, leader of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty, and the Qing soldiers led by Wu Sangui launched a famous "battle of a stone" here. From 1922 to 1924, the warlords of Zhifeng and Fengxi fought here. During the war of liberation, the people's Liberation Army also fought in the Jiumen valley. Ancient and modern battlefield anecdotes make jiumenkou great wall more famous. National key cultural relics protection units. In November 2002, China's only great wall on water, Liaoning jiumenkou Great Wall, passed the acceptance of UNESCO, and officially became a world cultural heritage as a part of the Great Wall.

The bridge over the Jiujiang river is unique. On the 100 meter wide river, eight shuttle shaped piers are built with huge stones to form nine water gates. On the top of the bridge is the high wall, just like other walls of the Great Wall. The wide river bed under the crossing bridge of jiumenkou Great Wall is all paved with square large stone blocks, and the iron waist is used between the stones to form a regular stone bed. It looks like a piece of stone, so jiumenkou Great Wall is also known as "a piece of stone pass". The local people used to have a doggerel to describe the dangerous terrain here, which is easy to defend and difficult to attack: "one door is missing from ten doors, and the soul of one door is broken. If you want to think of one door, the soul of nine people is broken.".

Documentation

According to the literature, the jiumenkou Great Wall was built in the Northern Qi Dynasty (479-502 A.D.), and the existing jiumenkou Great Wall was built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1381 A.D.), and then it was repaired many times. Archaeological excavations in the early 1990s unearthed a large number of cultural relics such as iron cannons, stone cannons, blue and white porcelain bowls and vats, reflecting the military defense situation of the Ming Dynasty and the life of soldiers stationed on the Great Wall. According to researchers from the local cultural relics department, the Great Wall at jiumenkou has a strict military defense system, known as "the first pass in Jingdong" in history, and is a must for military strategists. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng was defeated by the Qing soldiers when he fought Wu Sangui.

Jiumenkou Great Wall is named for its nine water draining gates under the city bridge. The water flows from west to East into the Bohai Sea. It is magnificent and spectacular. It is a perfect combination of natural landscape and cultural landscape. Therefore, it enjoys the reputation of "Great Wall on water". In 2002, it was rated as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Main attractions

A battle of stones

Yipianshi (now jiumenkou) is one of the most important passes in the great wall of Ming Dynasty. It is located at the boundary between Liaoning Province and Hebei Province and is known as "the first pass in Jingdong". On April 13, 1644, Li Zicheng and Liu Zongmin personally led the army to the mountain customs. Accompanied by the Ming Dynasty Prince Zhu CiZhen and Wu Xiang, the father of Wu Sangui. On April 20, the Qing troops arrived in Lianshan (now Jinxi). Wu Sangui urged them again and again, and the Qing troops were on a rush day and night. On April 21, Li Zicheng's Dashun army fought with Wu Sangui in a fierce battle. Dashun's troops to Shanhaiguan were about 100000; Wu Sangui's and Gaodi's Guan and Liao's troops were about 50000; duoergun's Manchu, Mongolian and Han troops were about 70000, among which the Manchu iron cavalry led by duoergun was the strongest. The soldiers and horses were all dressed in armor, very hard, and could not be penetrated beyond a hundred paces. In the early morning of that day, the Qing army arrived only two miles away from Shanhaiguan City, and Dorgon watched the battle on the Weiyuan platform of Huanxiling. On the morning of the 22nd, Wu Sangui's army was becoming more and more difficult to support. A Wu army defending beiyicheng surrendered to the Dashun army. Wu Sangui asked to surrender to Dorgon. Dorgon ordered Wu Sangui to shave her hair according to Manchu customs, and promised to marry Princess Jianning, the daughter of emperor Taiji, to Wu Yingxiong. Dorgon ordered the Qing army to enter the pass from the south gate, north gate and Guanzhong gate.

After the Qing troops entered the pass, they saw that the Dashun army formed a long snake array from the north mountain to the seaside. Duoergun ordered the Qing army to line up along the coast. Wu Sangui army was on the right side of the Qing army. All of a sudden, a strong wind came up and dust covered the sky. Duoergun took advantage of the situation and ordered the Eight Banners cavalry to rush into battle. Although the Dashun army fought to the death, it had been fighting with Wu Sangui army all day and night and was exhausted. The Qing army was just waiting for work. Li Zicheng's Dashun army was defeated, Liu Zongmin was wounded, and tens of thousands of peasants died. Li Zicheng immediately went to xiaogangfushang to supervise the battle. Seeing that the defeat had been decided, he ordered to withdraw. On the same day, Dorgon appointed Wu Sangui king of Pingxi, and ordered him to lead the way to the capital. Li Zicheng was defeated. In a rage, Ma Qian killed Wu Xiang and hung his head on a high pole. After returning to the capital, he killed 38 people of the Wu family. On April 29, Li Zicheng declared himself Emperor in Beijing. The next day, Li Zicheng left Beijing and retreated to Xi'an. Before and after only 42 days.

Ming Dynasty Great Wall tunnel

Before the Ming Dynasty, a stone was an important road between Beijing and Qin. In the 13th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Xu Da, a famous general, was ordered to build the jiumenkou section of the Great Wall. After the completion of the project, Xu Da's great general and his designers designed and excavated a hidden road in the mountains from the inside of the Great Wall to the outside of the pass without passing through the jiumenchengguan. The total length of the road is 1027 meters.

There are two exits and one entrance to the tunnel. One exit is directly opposite to the general platform, and the other is a stone battlefield. There are 29 large and small caves in the cave, which are bell room, toilet (thatched cottage), confinement room, Chinese military room, water prison, grain depot, kitchen, water well room, milling room, weapon room, training room, gun room, torture equipment exhibition room, garrison room, Buddha room, Guan Gong and mountain god worship room, etc. in the secret passage, you can not only garrison troops, but also attack the city from the inner city In the back of the enemy's line, there is a magic army descending from the sky. About 2000 people can be stationed in the tunnel. The drainage system and ventilation holes are designed in the cave to ensure the freedom of movement of soldiers stationed in the cave. The water wells in the cave are clear and the water quality is sweet and clear, which can be used for drinking by more than 2000 people. In 1644, after Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army captured Beijing, they dispatched troops to attack Shanhaiguan. First, he captured Jiumen Chengguan on the inner side. The Qing army led by Wu Sangui could not attack outside the pass for a long time. He seized a former Ming Dynasty city guard and found the position of the secret road. Then he sent a surprise soldier to attack the city from the outside of the secret Road, forming a situation of internal and external attack. Finally, the long-distance peasant army was defeated. This is the famous "battle of a piece of stone" in history, which ended with the victory of the Qing army. The Great Wall's ancient secret road has been turned into a tourist attraction. After visiting the Great Wall, you can visit the great wall tunnel, which is known as "city in the city".

Rare bird Sightseeing Park

Jiumenkou rare bird sightseeing park is located in jiumenkou Great Wall scenic area, with a total area of 63000 square meters and a net cover area of 48300 square meters

It is divided into three areas: waterfowl area, bird area and natural area. It collects more than 200 species of rare birds and animals from all over the world. This garden is enough to display all kinds of rare birds. It shows the natural landscape of birds in the garden, people in the garden and people and birds in one. Visitors can enjoy the rare birds freely, fly freely, integrate human and birds, and live together in the garden. Let visitors enjoy the happy home of harmony between man and nature.

Local specialties

1. The impurity of Hongyazi peanut is 0, the water is 8.5%, and there is no Aspergillus flavus. Jellyfish jellyfish is a special product of Huludao port. 3. Huludao shrimp skin the fishing time of hairy shrimp in Huludao port of Longgang District of Huludao City is longer. Suizhong County has a long history of straw weaving and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Banshigou jujube is located in Banshigou village at the Northeast foot of xiaohongluo mountain in Huludao City. Suizhong white pear is a special product of Suizhong. It has a long history of cultivation, high yield and good quality, and is well-known throughout the country. 7. Suizhong kiwifruit kiwifruit is the fruit of wild deciduous vine fruit trees in the Northwest Mountainous Area of Suizhong, which is a valuable product of local specialties.

Tourism knowledge

Equipment for mountaineering

1. Shoes, new shoes, high heels and sandals are not suitable for mountaineering. These shoes are not suitable for walking on long, uneven and slippery roads. Moreover, the sole of the foot is easy to blister, and the skin of the foot is easy to be injured. What is really suitable for mountaineering are light sports shoes, travel shoes and rubber soled cloth shoes.

2. Middle aged and old people

Chinese PinYin : Jiu Men Kou Zhang Cheng