Hailongdun site

Hailongdun site is located about 30 kilometers northwest of Zunyi City. It is the only large-scale military building and palace building in Guizhou Province. It is also a well preserved medieval castle site in China and even Asia. Hailongdun is surrounded by mountains and isolated peaks. It is shaped like a gourd with a thin neck. The main source of the Xiangjiang River in the north, East and south is Baisha River. All of them are precipices. The walls are overlapped. There are moon city and Earth City successively. There are three walls around it. The majestic posture of winding along the mountain is similar to the Great Wall.

Hailongdun site

Hailongdun site is the only large-scale military building and palace building integrated site in Guizhou. It is also a well preserved medieval castle site in China and even Asia.

Hailongdun site is located on the top of the mountains. On the top of the mountain, there are lofts, barracks, warehouses, water prisons and embroidery buildings. In front of the site, there are nine passes, such as copper pillars, iron pillars, flying dragon, flying phoenix, Chaotian, Wan'an, etc. With the mountain stretching more than ten miles, there is a special weather.

historical origin

Hailongdun site, located at the eastern foot of Longyan and the upper reaches of Xiangjiang River, 30 miles north of the old city of Zunyi, Guizhou Province, is a complete site for the study of Tusi system. According to the existing literature, Hailongtun was first built in 1257 by the Southern Song Dynasty and the chieftain Yang of Bozhou. It was later destroyed in the war against the Ming Dynasty in 1600. According to Li Fei, deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology of Guizhou Province, the city wall around the Tun with a circumference of about 6 kilometers still exists, covering an area of 1.59 square kilometers. "Laowang Palace" and "Xinwang Palace" are the two largest groups of buildings in the Tun, covering an area of about 20000 square meters. They are roughly arranged in a "horizontal three vertical three" layout, and are the remains of "Tusi" integrating military Tunpu, government office and "Xinggong".

Hailongtun, also known as longyantun, is located in longyanshan, Taiping Township.

Hailongdun site was first built in Tang Dynasty, expanded in Southern Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and then burned in Ming Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, the vast area of Bozhou, with Zunyi as the center, was occupied by the Yi people of Nanzhao state. In 876, the court sent Yang Duan to pacify the rebellion. After the incident, Yang Duan was ordered to "inherit" Bozhou and established 29 generations of Yang chieftain regime which lasted for more than 700 years.

Reconstruction period

At the beginning of the establishment of the state power, in order to "set up risks to defend the country" and "guarantee the foundation", the "Longyan Tun" was built at the "Longyan mountain" 15 kilometers northwest of the state. It trained troops in peacetime and served as an administrative and military center in wartime. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to prevent the invasion of "Yuan soldiers", the system was formed by the expansion and reinforcement of "Yangma city" and "Yangji city", and formed a defense system in depth with the nearby "Loushanguan" and "Dingshan city". It was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty.

At the end of Ming Dynasty, Yang Yinglong, a 29 generation "chieftain" of Yang family, a general of Hushi and a Xuanwei envoy of Bozhou, had a conflict with Sichuan and Chongqing, which then intensified into a military conflict and evolved into a rebellion. In 1600, the exhausted Ming Dynasty finally made every effort to transfer 240000 troops from eight provinces to launch the "Pingbo battle" in eight ways. At the beginning of the war, 3000 Sichuan troops in the north were annihilated in Loushanguan, and 30000 allied troops were destroyed in the Wujiang battle in the south.

After a stalemate for two months, the passes of Bozhou were lost one after another. Yang Yinglong had to lead 17000 troops to retreat to Hailongtun, and all the officers and soldiers surrounded and attacked it. Because the Garrison has natural dangers to rely on, reserves to rely on, and valiant Miao soldiers to use, there are many casualties in the Tunxia valley. After several efforts and 114 days of hard struggle, the officers and soldiers finally climbed the "rear pass" and captured this "impregnable" military fortress, "cutting 22687 troops" and "recruiting 120000 broadcast people".

"Longyantun" was burned and later renamed "Hailongtun". It means "the dragon is trapped in the sea and can't make clouds and rain again". Since then, Bozhou has been divided into two prefectures, one is Pingyue Prefecture, which is assigned to Guizhou Province, and the other is Zunyi Prefecture, which is subordinate to Sichuan Province.

Topographical layout

Hailongtun is surrounded by mountains and isolated peaks. It is shaped like a gourd with a thin neck. It faces the main source of Xiangjiang River in the north, East and south, Baisha River, all of which are cliffs. The latter is a branch, which only leads to the deep mountain and Daqing in the area of baiyuntai and Jindingshan.

At the beginning, Yang set up three passes at the foot of the mountain on the east side of Tun: Tiezhu pass, Tongzhu pass, Feihu pass, and "TIANTI" to form a frontier defense system; on the top of Tun, he set up three more passes: Feilong pass, Chaotian pass, feifeng pass; on the back of Tun, he set up three more passes: Wan'an pass, Xiguan pass, Houguan pass. There are three walls around the village, which are similar to the Great Wall.

archaeological discovery

On the morning of January 22, 2013, the archaeological team of Hailongtun, Guizhou Province, made a report on the archaeological work of Hailongtun in Zunyi municipal government. The archaeological project was selected as the "2012 national important archaeological discovery" of China's six major archaeological discoveries in 2012 and shortlisted by the Cultural Relics Publishing House because it "is of great significance to explore China's Tusi system through archaeology". In the past, Hailongtun, a national key cultural relic protection unit, has been defined as an ancient building rather than a large site. With the development of the archaeological work of Hailongtun, people's understanding of Hailongtun is deepening, and the nature of Hailongtun as a large site is more obvious.

Major relics

During the first stage of the 200 day archaeological excavation of Hailongtun, the team made a major breakthrough and found the city walls, kitchens, toilets, quarries, kilns and other relics surrounding the new palace. Among them, the newly discovered city walls are 504 meters long, and some of them are left on the ground. During the excavation, more than 2000 cultural relics have been unearthed, and more than 100 artifacts have been restored. Besides, scales made of animal bones, elephant pieces made of bronze and exquisite inkstones have been unearthed. This archaeological excavation has a preliminary understanding of the overall pattern of Qingxin palace complex, a new understanding of the distribution and function of the remains of the whole village, and laid a solid foundation for the successful entry of Hailongtun into the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage.

The second stage of archaeological work in Hailongtun will be officially launched in March 2013.

Research value

Hailongtun site is of great value for the study of military, politics, technology and craft in the middle ages. Over the past 400 years, scholars, officials, gentry and common people have been visiting and paying homage. In particular, the "general Hushi's instruction to forbid longyantun stele" is a rare file reflecting the management system of military fortress at that time. Hailongtun has been listed as a national cultural relic protection unit.

Traffic information

It costs 3 yuan to take the minibus from maocaopu to Gaoping; it costs 5 yuan to take the shuttle bus from Gaoping to Hailongtun, which takes about 20 minutes. In 2014, a special tourist bus from Gaoqiao to Hailongtun in Zunyi was opened, with a fare of 8 yuan.

Board and lodging: there are two local hotels in tunshang, which are 10 yuan per bed. They can also provide meals. The price is not expensive.

Cultural relics protection

Hailongdun site was named as the cultural relic protection unit of Guizhou Province in 1982 and the national key cultural relic protection unit in 2001.

In March 2012, Guizhou Provincial Bureau of cultural relics officially launched the work related to Hailongtun's application for world cultural heritage. On April 23, with the approval of the State Bureau of cultural relics, a joint archaeological team led by the Provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, led by Li Fei, deputy director of the Institute, entered Hailongtun to carry out field archaeological work. Hailongtun has been selected into the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage.

Great significance

Hailongdun site is an architectural relic in a special historical period and special area, and it is also a complete site to study the Tusi system. It can be said that Hailongtun site completely witnessed the change of the policy of ethnic minority areas in China's history from Jimi system in Tang and Song Dynasties to Tusi system in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and then to "changing the land to flow" in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Address: longyanshan, Taiping Township, Zunyi County

Longitude: 106.92794921875

Latitude: 27.65422747727

Tour time: 2 hours

Traffic information: take the minibus from maocaopu to Gaoping for 3 yuan; when you get to Gaoping, transfer to the special bus from hailongdun for 5 yuan, and you can get there in about 20 minutes.

Ticket information: tickets are free. You can ride up at the foot of the mountain. The price is 50-70 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Hai Long Dun Yi Zhi