Le you yuan

Le you yuan

Yueyouyuan is a poem written by Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty. This poem praises the wild scenery before dusk and expresses one's feelings. The first two sentences point out the reasons for the visit to Guyuan: due to the discomfort at dusk, I drove to Guyuan; the second two sentences strongly praise the beauty of the evening scenery: under the setting sun, I painted a golden world. The latter two sentences have always been popular, with rich connotations and high aesthetic and ideological values. The language of the poem is as clear as words, without any decoration, with bright rhythm, deep sigh and rich philosophy.

Original works

Leyouyuan (1)

Xiang Wanyi is uncomfortable. He drives to Guyuan.

The setting sun is infinitely good, just near dusk.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

(1) yueyouyuan: in the south of Chang'an (today's Xi'an), it was the highest terrain in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty established Yueyou temple, also known as Yueyou garden. It is expected that Chang'an city will be built on it. Leyou was originally a part of Yichun garden in the Qin Dynasty and got its name in the early Western Han Dynasty. According to Xuandi Ji in the book of Han Dynasty, "in the third year of shenjue, I began to enjoy the garden.". Xu, the first empress of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, died and was buried here after childbirth. Because of the homonym of "Yuan" and "Yuan", leyouyuan was known as "leyouyuan". It is recorded in guanzhongji that Emperor Xuan Xu Hou was buried in Yueyou li of Chang'an County. The temple was built in the north of Qujiang pool. It was called Yueyou Temple because of the name of yuan (which was wrongly written as burial character in Chang'an annals)

(2) evening: evening. Discomfort: displeasure, displeasure.

(3) Guyuan: refers to leyouyuan.

(4) near: soon.

Vernacular translation

In the evening, I was in a bad mood and drove to Guyuan.

The setting sun is infinitely beautiful, but it's just close to dusk.

Creative background

Yueyou used to be a tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty. Until the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Yueyou was still a good place for people in the capital. At the same time, because of its high geographical location, it is easy to see, so scholars often come here to write poems to express their feelings. The poets of Tang Dynasty left nearly a hundred pearly quatrains in leyouyuan, which has always been praised by people, and the poet Li Shangyin is one of them.

Li Shangyin lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when the national fortune was coming to an end. Although he had ambition, he could not exert it and was very unsuccessful. When Li Shangyin was twenty-five years old, he was elected by Linghu Luo, the son of Linghu Chu. Soon after Linghu Chu died, he was respected by Wang Maozhi, and Wang married his daughter to him. Because Wang Maozhi was an important figure in Li's party, Li Shangyin was unable to extricate himself from the struggle between Niu and Li, and he was extremely frustrated in officialdom. This song "yueyouyuan" is a true portrayal of his depression.

Notes on Li Yishan's poetry anthology by Cheng Mengxing: "this poem was written in the fourth and fifth years of Huichang (844 and 845), when Yishan went to Heyang, retreated to Taiyuan, traveled to and from the capital, and had a good time to travel. It was a poem, which was written by emperor Wuzong. Wu Zong Ying was a bit like Han Xuan. He took Deyu as his prime minister, Ke Zelu as his prime minister, and took Taiyuan as his prime minister. In the Tang Dynasty, he had great achievements, so he called it "the setting sun is infinitely good.". But he favored the king and built wangxiantai outside, and appointed Taoist Liu xuanjing as a bachelor. With his skill, he could not feel sorry for his illness. Those who know it know that it will not last forever, so Yishan worries about it, thinking that it is "near dusk."

Appreciation of works

Overall appreciation

The poem reflects the author's sadness. When the poet embarked on the Yueyou plain to relieve his feeling of "discomfort", he saw a brilliant sunset setting sun, so he was filled with emotion.

The first two sentences of the poem "feel uncomfortable in the evening, drive up to Guyuan" point out the time and reason of climbing Guyuan. "Xiangwan" means it's getting dark, and "discomfort" means unhappiness. The poet was in a melancholy mood. In order to relieve his boredom, he drove his car out to look at the scenery, so he boarded Guyuan, or leyouyuan. Since ancient times, poets and poets have always been sentimental and thoughtful. When they climb the mountain and look far away, they are more likely to arouse endless thoughts: the sadness of family and country, the feeling of life experience, the feelings of ancient and modern times, and the thoughts of man and nature, which are often intricate and intertwined. They have thousands of sorrows and are almost impossible to describe. As soon as Chen Zi'ang ascended the ancient platform of Youzhou, he sighed that "the heaven and the earth are long" and this is probably the most representative example. Li Shangyin drove to Guyuan this time, but not to seek emotion, but to relieve his feeling of "feeling uncomfortable at night".

The last two sentences "the setting sun is infinitely good, but it's just near dusk" describe such a picture: the afterglow is reflected, the sunset is over, the sky is full, the mountain is congealed with rouge, and the atmosphere is myriad. The poet melts the feeling of the decline of the times, the pain of the decline of his family and country, and the sorrow of his life experience into the scene of the sunset. "Infinite good" is a warm praise of the setting sun. However, the word "just" turns to a deep sadness. This is the deep sigh of the poet's inability to retain the beautiful things. These two sentences are ancient sayings with profound philosophy, which contain such an intention: the reason why the scenery is so enchanting is that it appears infinitely beautiful at dusk. Some people think that the sunset is the lament of the old man's sorrow for poverty and the end of his life; others think that it is the poet's love for life and persistence in the world, which is the spirit of positive optimism. In fact, this is not only a natural scene under the setting sun, but also an exclamation of the times. Through the brief prosperity of the Tang Empire at that time, the poet Li Shangyin foresaw the serious social crisis and expressed his helpless feelings. The broad and profound philosophical meaning contained in these two poems has been widely quoted in later generations, and borrowed from all aspects of human society; it also extends, sublimates and even works against its meaning, turning negative into positive, turning decadent into magic, and producing a new meaning. Therefore, it has high aesthetic value and ideological value.

This poem does not need any allusion, its language is as clear as words, it has no carving, its rhythm is bright, its sigh is deep, and it is full of philosophy. It is rare in Li's poems, so it is also valuable.

Comments on celebrities

Yanzhou Shihua: juefan wrote lengzhaiyehua, which said: "poetry to Li Yishan, is an article of misfortune." At this point, the servant frowned and said, "the setting sun is infinitely good, but it's just near dusk." Juefan said, "I understand the meaning of Zi." Delete immediately. Today's printed version still exists, and the cover has been handed out before.

Collection of Tang Poetry: Yang Chengzhai said: this poem worries about the decline of Tang Zuo.

Wu Changqi said: two sentences are like poems, but they are also the first choice. People in Song Dynasty said that Yu tangzuo was not necessary.

Li Yishan's Poetry Anthology: he Zhuo said: the feeling of twilight, the pain of sinking, the feeling of touching, the sadness is infinite. Also said: sigh again when there is no Xuandi can be Zhongxing, Tang Zuo will also be reduced. Zhu YIZUN said: it's time for the Tang family to decline. Ji Yun said: all kinds of feelings are boundless and intermingle at one time, which is called sad life experience and worry about current affairs. Also said: the last two sentences have always been appreciated, the real wonderful in the first sentence inverted, but the word has roots. Or that "sunset" two near small words, this kind of full of meaning to the end of the language, or for nothing, rely on two vigorous enough to save the ear.

Notes on Li Yishan's Poetry Anthology: Yao peiqian said: the words of ecstasy are too much to recite.

Poetry of Yuxi life: when current events meet, they are all in it, and they are full of cadence.

Brief record of the book of changes of poetic methods: the last sentence is full of the meaning of "towards the evening", and there is a feeling of late life.

"The sequel of Tang Xianxiao samadhi": Pathetique's desire to be absolutely (the last two sentences below).

Preface to Tang poetry in snow mountain house: Li Yishan's yueyouyuan poem is very informative, which is not found in quatrains.

Notes on Tang poetry in wangshiyuan: I cherish Jingguang, but still feel "uncomfortable" (the last two sentences below).

"Xianyu Shuo Shi": Yishan's "feeling uncomfortable towards the evening..." I feel very old, but I only talk about the sunset, not myself, so it's wonderful. The five and the seven must be the same, and this is also Bixing.

Xiao pao'an poetry notes: Li Yishan's poem "the setting sun is infinitely good, but it's just near dusk", song chengbozi's poem "there is no need to worry about the setting sun, the sky is light clouds", few crosses, the traces of the rise and fall of the two dynasties contain Who is to say that the poet's chanting wind and mocking the moon is not suitable for the grace of Fuxuan?

The word "Xiangwan" in selected poems of Yuxi leads the whole mind.

The sequel to a brief account of poetic realm: the poem is boring at dusk, and it is easy to embrace by climbing and overlooking. In the twilight, the house of the smoke tree is like a picture of the sky opening up; Fang Yin does not appreciate it, but is merciless. The twilight has gradually come. As soon as it comes to dusk, everything will be destroyed. If you feel deeply about the life of Yuxi.

The essence of the Tang people's quatrains: because of the late arrival of the ancient dynasty, the author saw that the setting sun was fine and dusk was approaching. The unusual feeling of this beautiful scenery has been accumulated in the poet's mind for a long time. Today, the external environment is suitable and consistent, so although it does not explicitly refer to the feeling, the feeling is in it.

Dictionary of Tang Poetry Appreciation: Zhou Ruchang: Yuxi has been misunderstood for a long time by predecessors. They interpreted "just" as the meaning of "just" and "but" in later generations. They thought that Yuxi was a kind of "reflection of declining negative mood". But I don't know that "just" in ancient times had no such meaning. It originally wrote "only is", which means "Zhishi" and "just is", so it had the meaning of "is" and "exactly is". There are good examples in Yuxi alone. He wrote in Jinse: "this situation can be treated (that is, what should be treated) as a recollection, but it was lost at that time!" Its meaning is that (exactly) at that time, it was already lost and hard to be named. Some people interpret this "just then" as "even at that time". This is a hypothetical word, and "just then" is a hypothetical word

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