Tang Dynasty mural Museum

Tang Dynasty mural Museum

Tang Dynasty mural museum is a special exhibition hall for Tang Dynasty Murals in Shaanxi History Museum. It is the first Tang Dynasty tomb mural Museum in China. Jointly constructed by China and Italy, it was officially opened to the public on June 20, 2011. The Tang Dynasty mural museum is the largest and most advanced exhibition hall of Tang Dynasty Murals in China. The exhibits include 97 mural treasures, including the tomb of Prince Zhanghuai, polo, hunting trip, the tomb of Prince Yide, guard of honor, and the tomb of Princess Yongtai. The exhibition uses advanced Italian display cabinets and other cultural relic protection exhibition equipment to show the latest achievements in mural research and protection in Shaanxi Province.

value

Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province was the capital area of Tang Dynasty. At that time, the rulers attached great importance to the creation and drawing of murals because they regarded painting as a tool of "cultivation" and "helping human relations", and set up a special management organization in the government, which made the mural art reach an unprecedented peak in Tang Dynasty

.

From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, tomb murals of all dynasties have been found, but no matter the quantity or artistic value of the murals unearthed, the Tang tomb murals are unprecedented. Shaanxi History Museum has nearly 600 pieces of murals with an area of 1000 square meters in 14 tombs, including Li Shou tomb, Prince Yide tomb, Prince Zhanghuai tomb and Princess Yongtai tomb, which have the largest number and the best preservation condition. The murals collected from Tang tombs are unique in China and even in the world for their large number, high level, good preservation and relatively complete sequence . Among the 293 murals available for viewing, 18 in 5 groups were identified as national treasure cultural relics by experts from the State Administration of cultural relics, and 82 in 69 groups were identified as first-class cultural relics. Some foreign friends call it "the Uffizi Gallery of China" (the world famous painting art museum, in the Uffizi palace in Florence, Italy, famous for its collection of a large number of Renaissance masterpieces, known as "the treasure house of Renaissance art").

The murals of Tang tombs are rich in content, superb in skill and elegant in style. Whether they are the guards of honor, halberds and buildings symbolizing the hierarchy, or hunting, polo, music and dance, palace maids reflecting the real life of the nobility, they are all vivid and colorful, full of determination and love for life and nature, and shining with the humanistic brilliance of Tang civilization. The murals of Tang tombs are mainly figure paintings. Through careful observation of various figures such as maids, servants, civil servants and military officials, painters and painters vividly depict various figures with reasonable layout, concise lines and bright colors. Among them, the depiction of various maids is particularly delicate and wonderful. The most famous figure painting is the painting of bird watching and cicada catching in Prince Huai's tomb. The painting depicts three characters: an elegant lady looking up at the birds, a young girl swinging her sleeves to catch cicadas, and a maid holding a towel in her hands. With refined lines, the painter depicts three women of different ages and personalities. Through the beautiful dynamic expression of bird watching and cicada catching, the painter vividly shows the expression of the lonely, boring and sad maids who live in the harem all the year round. It is amazing that the artist's exquisite skills.

The murals of Tang tombs are mainly based on the contents of real life. They show the social environment, daily life, and hierarchical treatment of the tomb owner. While showing us the painting art of Tang Dynasty, they also provide people with first-hand information about the politics, history and culture of Tang society, especially the upper class society, and supplement Ren He Wen It is an image historical scene that can't be provided by historical materials. In June 1998, after visiting the murals of Tang tombs in Shaanxi History Museum, US President Clinton praised: "the murals of Tang tombs are as valuable as the terracotta warriors and horses."

repair

Italy can be called "the capital of cultural relic restoration" in fighting against the damage of nature to cultural relics. In September 2003, the Chinese government signed a memorandum with the Italian government and signed a letter of intent with the Italian Ministry of cultural heritage for the protection, visit and value of Tang tomb murals. The formal exchange between Shaanxi and Italian experts began in 2005. In May of that year, through the Italian Embassy in China, the Shaanxi History Museum invited Mario and Fabio, the Italian mural restoration specialists, to Xi'an to select a typical mural of a tray lady unearthed from the tomb of Princess Chang of Tang Fangling for experimental restoration. "At present, the protection of murals is a worldwide problem. Murals are much more vulnerable than other cultural relics." Experts from the Tang tomb mural research center of Shaanxi History Museum said that because most of the Tang tomb murals were painted on the earth wall, their special material structure and the environment of the tomb led to the problems of decolorization, slag falling and dust pollution in the process of preservation. If the restoration is successful, it will lay a solid foundation for the effective protection of other Tang tomb murals

.

In the next two months, experts from both sides conducted many studies on the determination of restoration scheme, the selection of restoration materials and the operation of restoration technology, and successfully restored the original appearance of the mural by using different reinforcement and restoration methods.

On November 23, 2006, the Sino Italian Cooperation Seminar on the restoration of Tang tomb murals was held in Shaanxi History Museum. The Sino Italian cultural relic protection experts exchanged and displayed the phased achievements in the protection and restoration of Tang tomb murals, and jointly discussed the related technical topics in the field of scientific and technological protection and restoration of Tang tomb murals. This is also the first time that experts from both sides have achieved important scientific and technological achievements through friendly cooperation.

protect

In order to protect these murals, Shaanxi History Museum built a modern mural Museum in 1991. The murals are kept in an electronic push-pull cabinet. No ultraviolet light source is used for daylighting in the warehouse. The humidity and temperature are controlled by the central air conditioner. The temperature in the warehouse is maintained at 18 ℃ to 20 ℃ and the humidity is 55% to 60% throughout the year. It has good collection and storage functions for murals. But this is not convenient for research and opening to the outside world.

Zhai Shengsheng, deputy director of the Preparatory Office of the Tang Dynasty mural Museum, said that all the major equipment in the newly built mural museum was purchased from Italy. The display cabinet is the most advanced one with constant temperature and humidity. Even the glass is also UV resistant laminated glass, which has very good sealing performance. Through temperature and humidity control, it provides a relatively independent and good preservation environment for murals. The light in the mural museum is a cold ultraviolet light source, which operates independently for 24 hours and keeps constant temperature. In the future, wireless transmission system may be installed for each mural to monitor the temperature, humidity and light in real time. In terms of service facilities, it has a high-definition digital cinema, produced the movie "memory of Datang"; it has a touch query system and an automatic explanation system to help the audience understand the murals on display.

exhibition

The total investment of Tang Dynasty mural museum is 72 million yuan, of which Italy donated 4 million euro and provided low interest loans of 1.03 million euro, Shaanxi Province provided 18.03 million yuan, and the rest of the funds are raised by Shaanxi History Museum. After more than two years of overtime work, we have successfully completed the protection and restoration of the murals on the exhibition of "Tang tomb mural Museum" in Shaanxi History Museum. The exhibits on display include 97 pieces of mural treasures such as the painting of guest envoys, polo and hunting trip of Prince Zhanghuai's tomb, the painting of Que Lou and guard of honor of Prince Yide's tomb, the painting of palace maids of Princess Yongtai's tomb, and 18 pieces of auxiliary cultural relics. According to experts, it is very difficult to protect and repair these mural treasures due to the complicated situation of large time span of uncovering, various repair methods, serious surface diseases and aging support. Since the second half of 2006, the preservation Department of Shaanxi History Museum, after a series of work, such as full preliminary investigation, disease investigation, scheme design and demonstration, officially launched the specific protection and restoration work in early 2008. At the beginning of the protection work, the preservation Department of Shaanxi History Museum first carried out a complete disease investigation, drawing detailed disease pictures of murals one by one. At the same time, the old experts who directly participated in the work of uncovering murals were invited to have a discussion to fully understand the restoration methods and materials of that year. On this basis, the specific plan was formulated according to the current situation and restoration concept of murals in its collection The repair plan of the project.

It is reported that the Tang Dynasty mural Museum has completed the main construction content of the project and will be officially opened to the public on June 20. According to the approval of the provincial Price Bureau, the ticket price of the Tang Dynasty mural museum is 300 yuan.

Address: 1 / F, East Exhibition Hall, Shaanxi History Museum, Cuihua Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, diagonally opposite the case filing Hall of Yanta District People's court

Longitude: 108.95592734243

Latitude: 34.224154644668

Tel: 029-85253806

Ticket information: market price: 300.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Tang Dai Bi Hua Zhen Pin Guan