Changjiang Road

Changjiang Road

Changjiang Road, formerly known as Guofu Road, is located in the southwest of Xuanwu District, Nanjing city. It is a famous cultural street of the Republic of China and a cultural street of Nanjing, the ancient capital. Nanjing, as the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, was once located on Changjiang Road in Ming, Qing and Republic of China, which resulted in CI and Qu culture of Ming Dynasty, red chamber culture of Qing Dynasty, architectural culture of Republic of China and modern arts center.

Changjiang Road is east-west, 1821 meters long and 43 meters wide, with six lanes. It starts from Zhongshan Road in the West and ends at Hanfu Yayuan in the East. It is roughly parallel to Zhongshan East Road in the South and Zhujiang Road in the north, and intersects with north-south roads such as Hongwu North Road and Taiping North Road.

The origin of the name

Changjiang Road was called Dacang garden in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In 1927, after the national government established the capital of Nanjing, it was set up in the original Liangjiang governor's office. In 1930, the road was widened to 28 meters, named Guofu Road, and planted Platanus acerifolia purchased from Shanghai. Wang changed his name to reform road when he was in the puppet reform government. It was renamed Linsen road after 1945. It was renamed Changjiang Road after 1949.

Scenic spots along the line

Along the Yangtze River Road, there are a series of cultural relics, ancient sites and modern cultural attractions, such as Pilu temple, Meiyuan New Village memorial hall, six dynasties Museum, presidential palace, Zhongshan Square, Nanjing Library, Jiangning zhizaofu, Jiangsu Art Museum, Nanjing Great Hall of the people, Jinling library, Nanjing mass culture and Art Center, as well as the CPC delegation Office of Meiyuan New Village, a modern historical resort Zhonglanli, the architectural complex of the Republic of China and other scenic spots can be described as a landscape in three steps and a legacy in five steps. A new 500 meter long cultural and art corridor is built in the south section of the middle section of Changjiang Road opposite to the Great Hall of the people. Sculptures and sketches highlight the culture of the Six Dynasties, stone reliefs and the culture of the Republic of China.

Historical evolution

According to the announced plan, Changjiang Road will turn for the reconstruction of the "presidential palace" and attract public attention. In fact, "a Yangtze River Road, half of the history of Nanjing", this "Cultural Street" that Nanjing people are familiar with, in addition to the "presidential palace", there are many witness of the rise and fall of Nanjing since the Six Dynasties.

The palace city of the Six Dynasties witnessed several ups and downs

Changjiang Road starts from Zhongshan Road in the West and ends at Hanfu street in the East, with a total length of about 1.5 km. Today, it is not only a landscape street in the center of the city, but also a famous "Cultural Street".

Many archaeological discoveries prove that the first line of Changjiang Road was located in the center of the palace city during the Six Dynasties. Now in the exhibition area of "Six Dynasties Palace Ruins" on the ground floor of the new Nanjing Library on the south side of Changjiang Road, we can see the direction of the wall base of the palace in that year. Most of the area where Changjiang Road is located is included in the palace. However, after the Sui Dynasty, Jiankang city and palace were razed to the ground by "pingdang cultivation". Since then, the area along the Yangtze River Road and Nanjing City have been deserted for more than 300 years.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was once again prominent because it became Zhu gaoxu's "hanwangfu". "Hanfu Street" at the east end of Changjiang Road is the place name left at this time. But it didn't last long. With the death of Gao Xu and his sons, the palace of the Han Dynasty declined. It also became the location of the granary (also known as Taicang) which supplied the capital, so it was called "Taicang garden".

In the Qing Dynasty, the former Ming and Han Palace on the north side of the road was expanded into Liangjiang governor's office. The road directly opposite the gate was renamed Dudu street. Dongyuan gate and Xiyuan gate were built on the East and west sides of the gate. Jiangning weaving Bureau and Jiangning weaving department (government) are nearby.

After occupying Nanjing, the Taiping Army built Tianwang Palace on the basis of Liangjiang governor's office. This "heavenly palace" was once "more than ten li around", surrounded by several Zhang high palace walls, which were divided into two parts: "Taiyang city on the outside and Jinlong city on the inside". The general scope is as follows: it is along huangjiatang to Liji Lane in the East, Beiting Lane in the west, Yangwu Chenghao (today's Pearl River) in the north and south The area of dike lane is far larger than the former governor's office of Liangjiang.

After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, Zeng Guofan rebuilt Liangjiang governor's office at the original site in 1871, and built dongyuanmen, xiyuanmen, dongweimen and xiweimen on Menqian street. From the photos of the last years of the Qing Dynasty, we can also see the scene of people coming and going down Yuanmen.

During the period of the Republic of China, it became the "Chang'an Street" of Nanjing after three times of development

In 1927, the national government established its capital in Nanjing, and the proposed government agency was located in the original site of Liangjiang governor's office. Liu Jiwen, 37, the first mayor of Nanjing special city, went to study abroad in his early years and studied Municipal Administration in Europe and the United States. Therefore, the first thing he plans to do after taking office is to open up a small section of the east section of Changjiang Road for cars. However, before the plan was put into effect, Chiang Kai Shek was forced to step down from power when the Gui Clique toppled Chiang Kai Shek. After only two months as mayor, Liu Jiwen left with Chiang.

Chiang Kai Shek was reinstated in 1928. In July, Liu Jiwen became mayor of Nanjing again. At this time, when Sun Yat Sen was preparing for the feng'an ceremony, Liu Jiwen put forward the proposal of "building Yinggui Avenue", which was soon approved. Liu Qin served as the director of capital road engineering office. And the Yangtze River Road reconstruction project also took advantage of this east wind to start.

From 1928 to 1929, a section of road in front of the gate tower was built and extended westward to Beiting lane. In 1929, a new gate of the national government was built. According to the pattern of traditional Chinese architecture, a new Zhaobi was built on the south side of the road, and the Yuanmen and weimen of the former Liangjiang governor's office were demolished. In 1930, the road was renamed Guofu road.

At the end of 1930, the section from Dongjian road to Hanfu street of Guofu road was started. In 1936, the section from Zhongshan Road to Beiting lane was built. During this period, a number of representative buildings of the Republic of China, such as the Great Hall of the people (today's Great Hall of the people) and the Art Gallery (today's Jiangsu Provincial Art Museum), were built on the roadside. At this time, the width of Guofu road increased to 16-18 meters, which was quite wide at that time. So far, this road has become the "Chang'an Street" in Nanjing.

During the Japanese invasion of Nanjing, Guofu road was once renamed "Weixin road". After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the road was renamed Linsen road in memory of the late chairman of the national government.

During the period of the Republic of China, this road was renovated every major festival and activity. When "the government returned the capital" and "the National Congress of the constitution" were held, a new archway was set up near the entrance of Beiting alley.

After the liberation of Nanjing in 1949, this road was changed to the name of the Yangtze River, the largest river in China.

Old place name

Due to urban construction and many other reasons, many old place names around Changjiang Road have disappeared, and now some of them are listed here.

West Arrow Road:

The location of Xijian road should have been in the west of the central axis of the presidential palace. Between the scenic spot of the presidential palace and the "1912 cultural and leisure district", the nameless path running through the north and south is symmetrical with Dongjian road.

According to reports, there used to be a "Baohua village" on Xijian Road, which used to be a place for the governor of the two rivers of the Qing Dynasty to entertain foreign guests. On January 1, 1912, when Dr. Sun Yat Sen arrived in Nanjing, he stayed here. After a short rest, he issued his inaugural declaration. Baohuazhen later became the "Office of the provisional president of the Republic of China".

From 1913 to 1916, Feng Guozhang entered the compound at 292 Changjiang Road, and No. 5 Xijian road was once Feng's private residence. On April 2, 1917, some ancient buildings in the compound were unfortunately destroyed due to the aging of electric wires and fire. Later, Feng Guozhang ordered more than 40 new houses to be rebuilt at the site of the fire. Today, the reception rooms for internal and foreign guests on the central axis of the presidential palace were built in that year.

Some people think that Xijian road is merged into the widened Taiping North Road, but it is not. According to the capital road system map in the 22nd year of the Republic of China and the latest map of Nanjing in the 25th year of the Republic of China, it can be concluded that Xijian road was the "cage lane" in the headquarters of the general staff in the later period of the Republic of China.

Cage Lane:

Looking at the map of Nanjing in the late period of the Republic of China, to the west of the central axis of the presidential palace, there is an alley symmetrical with Dongjian Road, which is called cage lane. It was named after Xijian road in the middle period of the Republic of China. This name may have something to do with the fact that he was placed in a military restricted zone, meaning that he was heavily fortified and heavily guarded. Until the beginning of this century, it was still a military administrative zone, a place that no one could enter.

Donghai Road:

In the early years of the Republic of China, the widest road to the west of the presidential palace was Beiting lane, and there was a narrow new West Street between Beiting lane and the courtyard. In the winter of 1936, the new West Street from Changjiang Road to middle Shandong road was widened and renamed Donghai Road. At the same time, on the west side of the compound, along Donghai Road North to the east of the floating bridge, houses were demolished to build a stone road. In the spring of 1959, Donghai Road and Tanshi road extended northward and were widened and reconstructed on a large scale, extending northward from daxinggong to Beijing East Road, later known as Taiping North Road. Taiping North Road is named for Taiping South Road in the south. Taiping Road was first located in yanggongjing area, which was called Jixiang street in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the bandits were rampant. Li Zhangyu, the prefect of Jiangning, called the county magistrate of Shangyuan to reprimand him severely and set a time limit to turn the situation around. Soon things got better, so I changed the name of the road to Taiping Road.

Dongyuanmen, xiyuanmen:

In the Qing Dynasty, Dongyuan gate and Xiyuan gate were built on both sides of the gate of Liangjiang governor's office, both of which are located on today's Changjiang Road. The names of dongyuanmen and xiyuanmen were used until the Republic of China.

Dongyuanmen and xiyuanmen were respectively engraved with horizontal plaques of "two rivers guarantee" and "three provinces Junheng". The two plaques were awarded by Emperor Qianlong to Yin Jishan, governor of Liangjiang, in recognition of his outstanding achievements. However, this plaque

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Jiang Lu