Youzishan Forest Park

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park

synonym

Youzishan forest park generally refers to Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park is located in the middle of Gaochun District, Nanjing. It is a national AAAA scenic spot, a National Forest Park, the most potential forest scenic spot in China and a cultural exchange base for overseas Chinese in Jiangsu Province.

Youzishan National Forest Park is composed of youzishan, xiaoyoushan, santaolong, Tangmen, Nanli, Beili, Huashan, Xiushan and Chanlin mountains, with a total area of 84.365 square kilometers (including coordinated control area), and a core area of 36.783 square kilometers, with a forest coverage rate of 88.3%. The main peak of the scenic spot, Dayou mountain, is 188 meters above sea level, with numerous pines and bamboos on the mountain. It is known as "the first beauty of LaiZhu".

Youzi mountain is named after Confucius' visit. Huashan natural forest is rare in the same area of East China. Gucheng Lake is the best natural lake in Jiangsu Province with the best drinking water quality, which is connected with Gaochun city. The park has a profound cultural heritage, which integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and highlights the "Youzi" culture of Youzi mountain. Fan Chengda, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, also left his footprints here and wrote a hymn of "the rain returns to the head of Gansu, the cloud condenses and the Dai, the sun leaks and the hillside stone seeps with gold".

Location context

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park is located in Gaochun District, the southernmost part of the ancient capital of Nanjing. It is composed of youzishan, xiaoyoushan, santaolong, Tangmen, Nanli, Beili, Huashan, Xiushan and Chanlin, with a total area of 36.783 square kilometers. Its geographical coordinates are 32 ° N and 119 ° E. The mountains in the park are distributed in Northeast and southwest belts. The park covers an area of more than 2000000 square meters with undulating mountains. The main peak, Dayou mountain, is 188 meters above sea level. It is known as "the first beauty of LaiZhu".

geographical environment

topographic features

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park is a low mountain and hilly area, belonging to two mountain systems, one is Maoshan mountain range, the other is Tianmu Mountain range. Both of them are the extension of the remaining veins of the two mountains, roughly distributed in the northeast and southwest direction, with many mountain tops. Youzi mountain belongs to Maoshan mountain range, which is igneous rock; Huashan Mountain belongs to Tianmu Mountain range, which is hydraulic rock. The park area is a low mountain and hilly area, which is the extension of Maoshan and Tianmu Mountains. It is generally distributed in Northeast and southwest direction, with many mountain tops. The northeast end of Maoshan Yumai starts from hongjiashan at the junction of Gaochun, Lishui and Liyang, extends to the southwest, rises and falls at Dashan and youzishan. The mountain is gentle with a ground elevation of 60-70m and a relative height of 40-60m.

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park is composed of Dayou mountain, Xiaoyou mountain, laomao mountain, Dali mountain, Xiaoyou mountain, Huashan Mountain and Xiushan mountain. Among them, Dayou mountain, Xiaoyou mountain, Lishan Mountain and Jingshan mountain belong to Maoshan mountain, while Dahua mountain, Xiaohua mountain, Maanshan mountain and Muzhu mountain belong to Tianmu Mountain. Dayou mountain is 188 meters above sea level, ranking first among the mountains; Xiaoyou mountain is 149 meters above sea level, with its two peaks standing upright, forming a perfect composition of reclining Buddha; Huashan Mountain, 139 meters above sea level, is close to Gucheng Lake, with steep mountains. Dayou mountain, Xiaoyou mountain and Huashan Mountain are the landmark peaks of the forest park.

geology

200 million years ago, Gaochun area was a vast ocean. After the Caledonian movement in ancient times, the crust rose slowly and ended the history of sea immersion more than 200 million years ago. During the Indosinian movement 180 million years ago, the original horizontal rocks were gradually folded, undulated and strongly uplifted under the action of compression, and youzishan formed the rudiment of Maoshan mountain system.

Huashan Mountain in the park has an ancient geology. The mountain was formed in Yanshan period 150 million years ago. It is a part of "Jiangnan ancient land". With unique landform and complex terrain, it is one of the areas with the most abundant higher plant resources in China's mid subtropical forest region. According to the Research of experts, the natural rare species and fossils of the forest here can be estimated to be ten thousand years old, and can be found on the rocks of Huashan and Gucheng Lake The Coral fossils collected at present are important evidence of its long geological age.

climate

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park belongs to the north subtropical monsoon humid climate, which has the climate characteristics of abundant light resources, four distinct seasons and abundant rain, and is suitable for the growth of organisms. The annual average temperature is 16.0 ℃. The average temperature in January with the lowest temperature is 3.0 ℃, and that in July with the highest temperature is 28.5 ℃. The extreme minimum temperature is - 14.0 ℃ (February 6, 1969), the extreme maximum temperature is 39.7 ℃ (July 19, 1988); the frost free period is about 240 days; the sunshine rate is 46%, the average annual sunshine hours is 1997.1 hours; the annual precipitation is 1157mm; the average annual relative humidity is 77%.

hydrology

The river system of Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park belongs to Shuiyang River, Qingyi River and Taihu Lake. The water system of Shuiyang River and Qingyi River flows into Taihu Lake from the west to the East. In 1392, a stone gate was set up on XuXi River in Guangtong town (now Dongba). Later, Dongba was built in 1403, the first year of Yongle to cut off the water system, so that it did not flow into Taihu River and could only flow into Yangtze River from Guxi River and Qingshui River. The drainage system covers an area of 59750 hectares in the west basin of Gaochun County. In youzishan scenic area, the drainage area is 1533 hectares. The water to the east of nadongba of XuXi river flows from Zhujiaqiao to Jingxi (Nandu River) and flows into Taihu Lake. The drainage area of the river system in the area is 17250 hectares. The drainage area of Huashan Scenic Area is 273 hectares.

Gucheng Lake in the scenic area is a natural regulating lake for detention of mountain torrents in the lower reaches of Shuiyang river. However, since 1971, the outlets of three rivers, namely, the Waigang River, the Shishu River and the zhilonggang River, have been dammed and blocked. The flood of Shuiyang River can not be discharged into the lake separately, which increases the pressure on the main stream and the flood problem in the polder area along the lake in Xuanzhou City. It was originally a lake depression. Due to long-term flood with sediment deposition and reclamation, it was divided into Danyang Lake, Shijiu lake, Gucheng Lake, Jinqian lake, Luxi lake and other small lakes, and the rest formed a river network polder area. Gucheng Lake is located in Gaochun County. The shape of the lake is approximately a triangle, wide in the north and narrow in the south. The original area of the lake is 65km, the length is 10.4km, the maximum width is 8.2km, the average width is 5km, the maximum water depth is 3.6m, the general bottom elevation is 5.0m, the minimum is 3.5m. Due to reclamation, the area of Gucheng Lake is only 31km, the normal water level is 7.8m, the storage volume is 65 million M, the design flood level is 13.0m, and the corresponding volume is 265 million M. The original area of the lake is 65 square kilometers. Due to reclamation, the area of Gucheng Lake is only 31 square kilometers, including 10 square kilometers within the forest park area. Gucheng Lake is a natural lake in Gaochun district. It is named after its ancient "Gucheng" lakeside, commonly known as "Xiaonanhu". Gucheng Lake belongs to the Yangtze River system, which is the best natural lake in Jiangsu Province. The water quality is stable in the national class II standard, and the lake water is clear.

Resources

plant resources

Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park is a typical transitional zone between north subtropical zone and middle subtropical zone. It is rich in biodiversity and contains many unique and transitional elements.

As of May 2012, there are 1543 species (including subspecies) of wild vascular plants in Huashan Scenic Area of Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park, belonging to 175 families. The constructive species of the community are Magnoliaceae magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Michelia, etc.; Fagaceae Quercus acutissima, Quercus microphylla, Quercus variabilis, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis sclerophylla, etc.; Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora, Piper nigrum, Piper nigrum, Sassafras Sassafras, etc.; alpiniaceae Pterocarpus, etc.; Ilex Ilex, etc.; Ulmaceae Pterocarpus tatarinowii, beech, celastragalus, purpurea, Grifola, etc. The shrub layer includes rhododendraceae, Oryza sativa, Vaccinium bracteatum, etc.; Loropetalum chinense, mosquito mother tree, etc. of Hamamelidaceae; tea, Camellia oleifera, etc. of Theaceae. The whole forest community is stable, and there are many trees in the forest for two or three hundred years (the average height of trees is 26.5 meters, the average diameter at breast height is 26.7 cm, and the average crown width is 19.3 meters, among which the largest tree is 37.5 meters, the diameter at breast height is 38.2 cm, and the crown width is 29.7 meters). In addition, there are some rare and endangered subtropical plants in the forest, such as Euonymus japonicus, banyan climbing vine, duruo, etc Yuyu, Guanzhong, BAIXIAN, Yuanhua, Yajiao, Rosa laevigata, hawthorn, Sapium sebiferum, jingucao, Bletilla striata, Ophiopogon japonicus, Shashen, perilla, Rubia Rubia, Artemisia argyi, Prunella vulgaris, chrysanthemum indicum, dandelion, honeysuckle, etc.

Animal resources

As of May 2012, 97 species of birds in 31 families, 31 species of fish in 11 families, 27 species of amphibians in 9 families and 19 species of mammals in 9 families have been found in Nanjing youzishan National Forest Park, totaling 174 species in 60 families.

On the west side of Yuquan temple and three ridges in Huashan, there are more than 200000 square meters of Duyu community, which is the host of the second class protected animal of China, the Chinese tiger and Phoenix butterfly. In April 2011, entomologists from Nanjing Forestry University found 7-8 Chinese Tiger butterflies in the habitat of Dujuan community in Huashan. It is estimated that this population is the largest one, about 400-500, which is unique in East China and even in China.

Bird: Oriental White

Chinese PinYin : You Zi Shan Sen Lin Gong Yuan