Jianmen pass

JIANMENGUAN Scenic Area

synonym

JIANMENGUAN (national AAAA scenic spot) generally refers to JIANMENGUAN scenic area

JIANMENGUAN scenic spot is a national AAAAA scenic spot, a national scenic spot, a national key cultural relic protection unit, a National Forest Park, a national natural and cultural heritage, and one of the 100 red classic scenic spots in China.

China's famous tourist destination, national cultural industry demonstration base, national patriotism education base, Sichuan nature reserve, Sichuan Geopark, one of the 100 most beautiful shooting sites of National Geography of China in Sichuan, has been listed in the preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage. JIANMENGUAN scenic spot is located 15 kilometers south of Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province.

JIANMENGUAN scenic area is composed of JIANMENGUAN and cuiyunlang, with a total planning area of 84 square kilometers and a core area of 6 square kilometers. There are more than 300 scenic spots. The main scenic spots are JIANMENGUAN, jianggedao, 72feng, Xiaojianshan, Jianggong temple, Jiangwei tomb, Dengai tomb, Zhonghui old base, Jinniu Road, houguanuan, shishunfeng, Liangshan temple, Leiting gorge and Cuiyun Pingfeng, xianfengguan, gujianxiqiao, Zhigong temple, 4D cinema, Bird Road, glass landscape platform, etc. are the important nodes of Sichuan dajiuzhai Ring Road and the support center of Sichuan Three Kingdoms cultural tourism routes.

Jianmen pass is famous for "the sword Pavilion is towering and Cui Wei, one man is the pass, ten thousand men are not allowed to open" in Shu Dao Nan written by Li Bai, a great poet of Tang Dynasty. It integrates Shu Road culture, Three Kingdoms culture, war culture and red culture.

geographical environment

Location context

JIANMENGUAN scenic spot is located 15 kilometers south of Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. The central coordinate of the area is 105 ゜ 35'08 "E and 32 ゜ 148'05" n. The total planning area is 84 square kilometers and the core area is 6 square kilometers.

topographic features

JIANMENGUAN scenic area is located in the northern margin of Sichuan Basin fault fold belt, which is the main branch of JIANMENGUAN mountain in Longmen Mountains. It belongs to Cangxi formation (JIANMENGUAN formation of Chengcheng rock group) under Mesozoic Cretaceous. JIANMENGUAN conglomerate consists of thick purple gray conglomerate and purple gray mudstone.

geology

The formation of Jianmen mountain is due to the formation of thick conglomerates in Jianmen proluvial pile at the foot of Longmen Mountain on the northern edge of Sichuan Basin during the long geological tectonic movement, which is called JIANMENGUAN formation of Chengcheng group, or JIANMENGUAN conglomerates. From the top to the bottom of Jianmen rock, the conglomerate layers are less changeable, the gravel diameter is smaller, and the gravel mudstone is increasing. The rock strata incline unevenly to the southeast, the north slope is steep, and the south slope is gentle.

Jianmen mountain is located in the northern margin of Sichuan Basin. During the Jurassic period (about 240-140 million years ago), mountains were uplifted around Sichuan and lakes were formed by accumulated water in the basin. Due to strong weathering and erosion, the mountains provided abundant sediments for the lake basin. The formation of North and South Ba lake and Shu lake. In the Cretaceous period (140-65 million years ago), the Jianmen mountains were located in the piedmont of the Longmen Mountains on the northern edge of the Shu lake. When the Longmen Mountains rose strongly, the Jianmen pluvial deposits and the Jianmen conglomerate were formed. In the Himalayan movement, Longmen mountain rose strongly again, and Longmen Mountain was highlighted again.

Climatic characteristics

JIANMENGUAN scenic area is a subtropical humid climate zone with mild climate, abundant rainfall and four distinct seasons. The average temperature is 14.0 ‴, the average temperature in the coldest month is 4.2 ‴, and the average temperature in the hottest month is 24.5 ‴. The annual average precipitation is 1075.ml, and the rainy season is from May to October, accounting for 87.4% of the annual rainfall. Snowfall is concentrated from January to February, and there is more snow in the area above 800 meters above sea level; sunshine distribution is uneven, and there is more cloud weather in autumn and winter, so it is difficult for sunlight to reach the ground, with an average of 125 days, accounting for 34% of the whole year; relative humidity is 74%.

natural resources

plant resources

JIANMENGUAN scenic area is rich in vegetation. The forest is composed of evergreen conifer, cypress, pine and deciduous broad-leaved tree, alder, oak and a small amount of poplar, Tung, maple, elm and other miscellaneous trees. There are natural gas, bentonite, sand gold, uranium and other mineral resources in the territory. The scenic spot belongs to the sub region of pine oak forest in Sichuan Province. The forest in the scenic spot is composed of evergreen conifer, cypress, pine, deciduous broad-leaved tree, alder, oak and a small amount of poplar, Tung, maple, elm and other miscellaneous trees. The forest coverage rate is more than 50%. The forest vegetation in the territory is mainly cypress forest, masson pine forest, oak forest, alder forest, miscellaneous forest, bamboo forest and tea forest. Rare plants include ancient cypress (generally 400-2000 years old), Cupressus funebris, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus bungeana, Castanea mollissima, Cinnamomum camphora, moth tree, ormosia rosea and orchid.

Animal resources

There are 224 species of wild animals, 47 species of mammals, 84 species of birds, 12 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians and 75 species of fish in JIANMENGUAN scenic area. There are 25 species of wild animals under state key protection, including leopard, golden pheasant, macaque, red panda, turtle and Jianmen thrush.

water resource

The river in JIANMENGUAN scenic area is a complete basin of dajianxi, which is a tributary of Qingjiang River. Dajianxi originates from heisanguan. The valley is shallow, and it is steep and deep at JIANMENGUAN. It falls 50 meters, forming a remarkable JIANMENGUAN gorge. Xiaojianxi originates from beibojiagou, passes through dadiaoyan and liangshuigou to form Jianxiong lake, longwangtan and liangshuigou reservoirs, and joins dajianxi at dashizui, with a drainage area of 120 km.

In Jianmen mountain, stones are accumulated to block clouds and ravines are crisscrossed. The rainwater collected in Jianmen mountain flows along the high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast to form rivers, flows through ravines, flows into Qingjiang River system and flows into Jialing River. There are Xihe River, Wenxi River and Xiaojianxi river which originate from Jianmen mountain. Xihe River originates from the southwest of wuzishan watershed. It flows through Dongbao, Wulian, Zhengxing, Kaifeng, Yingshui, zheba, Changling and other places in Jiange County, and flows through Nanbu county and Langzhong City to join Jialing River. Wenxi river originates from the southeast of wuzishan watershed, flows through Yandian, Beimiao, Pu'an and Wenxi, and then flows into Jialing River. The big and small Jianxi rivers originate from heisanguan of Jianmen town and beipujiagou of Hanyang town respectively. The two rivers converge at the pass of Jianmen and Dashigou and flow into Qingshui River. Qingshui River flows into Bailong River after it flows into quhui township.

Main attractions

Development and construction

Infrastructure

It was developed and constructed in 1992. JIANMENGUAN scenic spot along Jianmen Shu Road is jointly developed, protected, operated and managed by Jiange County scenic spot Administration Bureau and cuiyunlang administration station of Jiange County Forestry Bureau.

It was opened to the outside world in August 1993.

In 2003, JIANMENGUAN scenic area development and Construction Management Committee of Jiange county and Sichuan JIANMENGUAN Scenic Area Development Co., Ltd. were established. A new mechanism of "government leading, enterprise main body, market operation and social participation" has been formed in Jiange tourism development.

In 2006, cuiyunlang scenic spot was established as a national 4A scenic spot.

In 2008, the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake caused serious damage to the scenic spot. Jiange County integrated and raised 350 million yuan to develop and construct the scenic spot according to the national 4A scenic spot standard, highlighting the "pass, road and people", and completed the planning, demolition, repair, road construction, composition, supporting, greening, pollution control and other projects. After reconstruction, the tourist area of the scenic spot has been expanded 50 times, more than 90 new scenic spots have been added, and experiential projects and facilities such as 4D cinema, geological museum, high-altitude sliding rope, archery field, Bagua garden, sightseeing battery car, sliding rod have been built.

In 2010, JIANMENGUAN scenic spot was rated as a national 4A scenic spot.

In 2011, the renovation and expansion project of cuiyunlang scenic area was implemented, and the construction of tourist center, parking lot, walking path and tourism supporting facilities was completed. The tour line of the scenic area increased from 800 meters to 3800 meters, and the area of the scenic area increased nearly five times, with a total investment of 35 million yuan. All kinds of signs and garbage cans have been updated, more than 30 rest facilities have been added, and monitoring system has been installed.

In 2011, JIANMENGUAN scenic area development and construction management committee was adjusted to JIANMENGUAN Scenic Area Management Bureau, which is responsible for the operation and management of the scenic area.

In 2013, JIANMENGUAN scenic area started the construction of 5A smart scenic area. According to the national 5A scenic area construction standards and requirements, combined with the characteristics of JIANMENGUAN tourism resources, JIANMENGUAN (4A level tourism scenic area) and cuiyunlang (4A level tourism scenic area) were built into national 5A level scenic areas which make full use of digital technology and mobile Internet technology.

In July 2015, it was listed as a national 5A scenic spot, and the hardware and software facilities of the scenic spot were comprehensively upgraded and transformed. A total of 690 million yuan has been invested in infrastructure construction and service improvement.

Honorary recognition

In 1982, Jianmen Shu Road was announced as one of the first batch of national key scenic spots (later renamed as national scenic spot).

In 1992, JIANMENGUAN forest farm was approved as a National Forest Park, known as JIANMENGUAN National Forest Park.

In 2010, JIANMENGUAN scenic spot won the honorary titles of "national natural and cultural heritage", "China's famous tourist destination" and "Sichuan Cultural Industry Demonstration Base".

In 2006, Jianmen Shudao site was approved as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In 2009, Jianmen Shu Road was included in the second batch

Chinese PinYin : Jian Men Guan