Tianmen Mountain

Tianmen Mountain

Tianmen Mountain, known as Yunmeng Mountain and Songliang mountain in ancient times, is the highest mountain in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie. It is 8 kilometers away from the urban area in the north. It was named after Tianmen cave, a natural wonder, and was first recorded in the history books. The main peak is 1518.6 meters, which was approved as National Forest Park in July 1992.

Tianmen cave, a rare wonder in the world, runs from north to south. The gate is 131.5 meters high, 57 meters wide and 60 meters deep. It is like a gateway to heaven. It has been named Tianmen Mountain for 1754 years. The top of the mountain is relatively flat, with intact primary secondary forest and many precious and unique plant species. The forest coverage rate reaches 90%. Among them, the ancient trees are towering, the vines are twining, the mosses are everywhere, the stalagmites and the stone buds are everywhere. They are like natural bonsai. They are known as the most beautiful sky garden and fairyland in the world. At noon on July 22, 2012, French roller skating master Jean Yves browndou challenged Tianmen Mountain.

Historical evolution

Tianmen Mountain was called Yunmeng Mountain in ancient times, also known as Yuping mountain. It is located 8 kilometers south of Zhangjiajie City. In 263 ad, because of the collapse of the mountain wall, a door was opened in the upper part of the mountain, connecting the north and the south. During the Three Kingdoms period, sun Xiu, king of Wu, thought it was auspicious and named it "Tianmen Mountain". Tianmen cave is located on the cliff at an altitude of more than 1260 meters. It is 131.5 meters high, 57 meters wide and more than 60 meters deep. According to the research of geological experts, the central part of the entrance is the intersection of the syncline of the East and West rock layers. Due to the compression, the rock was broken and collapsed, and the entrance was finally formed in 263. Tianmen Mountain is 1517.9 meters above sea level. Because the relative height difference between Tianmen Mountain and downtown area is more than 1300 meters, Tianmen Mountain is especially tall and straight. Its beautiful skyline is a typical example of Tianmen Mountain.

geographical position

Tianmen Mountain, with its steep terrain and magnificent scenery, is known as the natural picture screen of Zhangjiajie. The Tianmen Mountain Uplift started from the Yanshanian movement, and then went through the Himalayan orogeny. The mountain body rose more than 1000 meters violently. The surrounding area was deeply cut by fault joints. Coupled with the karst process of long-term wind and rain erosion, it formed a rugged, high and towering karst platform landform. The top of the mountain is relatively flat, with intact primary secondary forest and many precious and unique plant species. The forest coverage rate reaches 90%. Among them, the ancient trees are towering, the vines are twining, the mosses are everywhere, the stalagmites and the stone buds are everywhere. They are like natural bonsai. They are praised as the most beautiful sky garden and fairyland in the world.

Tianmen cave is a rare karst cave at high altitude, which is located on the top of Qianxun plain wall from north to south.

Tianmen cave is dense and steaming all the year round, and the scene is unpredictable. Sometimes there are clouds pouring from the cave, and sometimes there are rays coming out through the cave. It's magnificent and magical, just like a dreamland, which seems to contain the infinite mystery of heaven and earth. Local chronicles once recorded: "in Xuangu period, some local people saw the light coming from the clouds and dreams, the purple air rising around them, the light overflowing in the cave, and the light overflowing in the sky. They thought it was auspicious and bowed down to worship it.". Since ancient times, the fantastic and beautiful "Tianmen spitting fog" and "Tianmen Lingguang" have been regarded as auspicious images in the sky and are well-known.

Main attractions

Tianmen dongkai scenic spot

Tianmen dongkai scenic spot is located in the middle and upper part of Tianmen Mountain, with an altitude of more than 1300 meters. It is not at the top of the four scenic spots in the whole mountain.

Tianmen cave is the most representative scenic spot in Tianmen Mountain. As a natural karst cave with the highest altitude in the world, Tianmen cave is like a gate to heaven inlaid in the sky. Huang Jinxiang, a famous scholar, once wrote a poem "a tour of Tianmen Mountain": "the precipice is full of thousands of peaks, and the winding plank road leads to the cloud platform. Tianmen fog lock, sunny rain, hole Yu smoke dial not open The poem praising Zhangjiajie has been widely read.

Wang Xinjian, a poet, wrote a poem "walking in Tianmen Mountain", which said: "I wandered in my dreams for a long time, and the breeze came to me. Step by step, the sky steps lead to the silver Han, and the vast cloud path encircles the green cliff. The ancient temples are hidden in the secluded valley, and the screen is rugged and moving to Penglai. And bathe the haze into the wonderland, already Chengxin near Yaotai. "

Fairyland

Located in the west of the top of the mountain, it is the birthplace of "hermit culture" and "Xianshan culture" of Tianmen Mountain. Guiguzi, a genius between man and immortal in Chinese history, lives in seclusion, cultivation and apprenticeship in guigudong cave on the precipice of the wonderland of seeking immortals. He is a representative of the seclusion school in Tianmen Mountain. The brave man who bravely broke into the ghost Valley cave accidentally photographed the "ghost valley development" on the stone wall inside the cave, which is similar to the widely spread ghost Valley head portrait in the world, and has become another mystery of Tianmen Mountain. Emperor Shennong and his rain master chisongzi also left various relics and legends here. Tianmen academy, which once cultivated two Hanlin, is also the holy land of Taoist culture on Tianmen Mountain.

Tianjie Buddhist scenic spot

Tianjie Buddhist scenic spot, located in the south of the top of the mountain, is the core area of "Buddhist culture" in Tianmen Mountain. Tianmenshan temple is the most important scenic spot in Tianjie Buddhist kingdom. This temple was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is the Buddhist Center of Western Hunan. Tianmenshan temple is rebuilt in the original site, covering an area of nearly 10000 square meters. The temple is located in the mountain nest, with a very broad vision and a unique spirit.

Qiuer cave, one of the sixteen Tianmen caves, has a magical legend and a long history. It is another key point of Tianjie Buddhist scenic spot. According to folklore, sending Guanyin to the son is a holy place. Young couples who have not been parents can follow the local way of praying for a healthy, smart and beautiful baby.

Biye Yaotai scenic spot

As a National Forest Park, Tianmen peak has a complete primeval forest, and the core reserve of primeval forest is in Biye Yaotai scenic area. Here, mossy stones can be seen everywhere, rare tree species and precious medicinal materials can also be found from time to time. The whole scenic spot is like a natural bonsai. Tourists can enjoy the fun of nature when they walk on the winding road. Located in the east of the top of the mountain, Biye Yaotai scenic spot is characterized by natural scenery and has more than 20 scenic spots, which is the largest of the four scenic spots in Tianmen Mountain.

The longest ropeway in the world

1. The length of Tianmen Mountain cableway is 7455 meters, ranking first in the world

The inclined length of the cableway line is 7455 meters, and the horizontal height difference between the upper and lower stations is 1279 meters. It is the world's longest single line circulating detachable cable car cableway. Among them, 98 Cableways are from CWA company of Switzerland. The height of the Cableways is 2 meters, and the cost of each cableway is as high as 200000 yuan. In particular, the 6 m / s running speed design, 1000 people / h one-way traffic volume, and the maximum inclination of 38 degrees are widely used in China and even in the world They are all rare. Among the 57 supports of the ropeway, three rescue supports are specially added, which are used to implement the horizontal rescue or vertical rescue scheme immediately when the ropeway is suddenly paralyzed, so as to rescue the tourists to the ground safely. Moreover, the cableway station buildings are equipped with lightning protection equipment, which is the most complete and advanced rescue system in the world.

2. Humanized design, safe and secure

The project of Tianmen Mountain cableway started in May 1999. Cableway companies from Austria, France, Switzerland, Italy and Japan came to Tianmen Mountain for investigation. Finally, according to the field situation of Tianmen Mountain and the requirements of national cableway safety center, they signed a contract with French MOPA company in Tianjin on March 17, 2001. The whole construction lasted more than two years from the commencement ceremony on January 15, 2003 to the operation in August 2005, with a cost of 220 million yuan. The whole set of equipment was imported from abroad according to European standards except for the support made in Tianjin, China. The whole construction strictly implemented the safety process of "commissioning self inspection operation inspection safety inspection". Due to the extremely high mountains along the ropeway and the complex and changeable geological landforms, the construction is far more difficult than ordinary, and the whole construction process is extremely difficult. Tianmen Mountain cableway not only condenses the wisdom and sweat of all construction personnel at home and abroad, but also integrates the most advanced scientific and technological achievements of contemporary cableway engineering, which can be called a miracle and a milestone in contemporary cableway engineering construction.

Considering that the ropeway runs for a long time and tourists need ventilation in high temperature, each car is specially designed with two ventilation windows to form air convection. This humanized design ropeway steel rope comes from France, with a diameter of 50.1 mm and a weight of 10 kg per meter, ensuring the safety of tourists.

The biggest highlight of Tianmen Mountain cableway is the design of its climbing slope bracket. The bracket has 96 compression pulleys and 16 supporting pulleys. It integrates the most advanced theories and achievements in modern physics, modern engineering and modern manufacturing

3. Three cableway stations

There are three Cableways in Tianmen Mountain, including lower, middle and upper cableways. The lower cableway occupies an area of 11140 square meters, and the ground elevation is 165.80 meters above sea level. It is a circuitous and taut cableway, and also a cableway for tourists. Its shape fully reflects the modern design inspiration. It is magnificent and elegant. The top radian of the attached buildings on both sides is like a pair of wings facing the sky. The whole cableway is white and green The color is the basic tone, symbolizing the white clouds and nature; the building area of the middle station is 3230 square meters, which is a power driven station, and does not provide visitors to get on and off; the ground elevation of the upper station is 1438.56 meters above sea level, which is also a circuitous and taut station,

Chinese PinYin : Tian Men Shan