An Shang Shi Fang

An Shang Shi Fang

Anshang Shifang is located 35 kilometers southwest of Anqiu City in the ninth year of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty. Built in the ninth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1829), it is a festival and filial piety square built for Ma Ruoyu's wife Wang in Anshang village. It is an extremely outstanding stone carving art building. In 1992, Shandong provincial government designated it as a key cultural relics protection unit at the provincial level.

have a long history

Anshang stone square, built in 1829 in Anshang village of Anqiu City (the ninth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty), is a festival established by Ma Ruo Zhuo in Anshang village for his brother Ma Ruoyu's wife Wang

Filial piety archway. It is said that it was designed by Li Keqin and Li Kejian, two sculptors in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, and led by eight disciples. It took 13 years to carve. Shifang is composed of three parts: top, body and seat. It is 15 meters high and 9.35 meters wide. It is made of several limestone blocks. The joints are tight, and it is an integral whole. The front is engraved with the word "imperial edict", the middle is engraved with the word "Jie Dong Tian Bao", the two sides are engraved with the word "honor Yutong Ma Ruoyu's wife Wang's Jie Xiao Fang", the bottom two sides are engraved with the word "Qing Daoguang Ji Chou Sui Jian", the back is engraved with the word "Zhen Shun Liu Fang", the other characters are the same as the front. The inscriptions on the square are all written by Han Lin Shan Lanting, with elegant and dignified fonts. Stone carving content rich, people, animals, plants, utensils, mountains and rivers, everything. The technique combines vertical carving, openwork carving, relief carving, high meat relief carving and line carving techniques, which is extremely exquisite. In a word, although the content of the whole stone workshop is numerous, complicated but not chaotic, the primary and secondary are clear, and the arrangement is appropriate. It is not only a tall ancient building, but also an organic combination of various carving techniques. It can be said that the craft is superior. "There are no two square in the world, except Yanzhou is an upper Temple", this folk saying is the praise of an upper stone square.

geographical position

Anshang stone square is located in Anshang village, 35 kilometers southwest of Anqiu City. Built in the ninth year of Daoguang (1829) of the Qing Dynasty, it is a festival and filial piety square built for Ma Ruoyu's wife Wang in Anshang village. In 1992, it was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by Shandong provincial government.

Shifang sits in the West and faces east, with a height of about 12 meters and a width of 9.35 meters. It is made up of several huge limestone blocks, with tight joints, and is an integral whole. Its structure consists of seat, body and top. The block is made up of four strip-shaped footstones, the main door and two side doors are made up of four columns, and the top of the block is a single eaves veranda. The whole building is dignified, regular and symmetrical. The word "imperial edict" is engraved on both sides of the upper part of the stone square. On the plaque of the main building, the regular script characters "Jie Dong Tian Bao" and "Zhen Shun Liu Fang" are engraved respectively. The inscription and postscript are "honoring Yu Tong Ma Ruoyu's wife Wang's Jie Xiao Fang". On the plaque of the second building, the inscription is "Dao Guang Ji Chou Sui Jian".

The unique artists use various artistic techniques such as low relief, high relief, through carving and round carving for different objects. The knife technique is exquisite and the image is beautiful. Different contents are carved in different parts. On the East and west sides of the two pillars, exquisite and natural eight immortals are carved in four groups, which are vivid and lifelike. On the inside of the two pillars, there are two door gods standing opposite each other holding a golden melon. On the inside of the base of the two pillars, there are four custom paintings reflecting the social life of "farming, reading, fishing and woodcutting", which are vivid and full of life Live your life. There are 12 vertical ridges on the top of the square, and there is a dragon head on the top, middle and bottom of each vertical ridge corner, a total of 36. At both ends of the three main ridges, there is a dragon with an upturned tail. Especially in the middle of the top of the square, there is a kylin with a bottle on its back, which is parallel to the top of the square. It is vigorous, head high and wants to fly in the air.

At the bottom of the plaque, there are four homophonic auspicious animal and plant images, such as: six (deer) he (crane) Tong Chun, Taishi (lion) Shaobao, hang Yin Feng (bee) Hou (monkey), father and son worship Xiang (elephant). Carving animals are vivid, interesting and vivid. The mountains and rocks in the background are also treated with high relief, which gives people a strong artistic appeal.

On the East and west sides of the two pillars, there is a male lion carved in a round shape. It is brave and vigorous, and has different shapes. It stands on the cornerstone of the base. There are many kinds of flowers and birds carved on the square, which are vivid. Above the plaque on the second floor, there are pictures of flowers and birds in the four seasons, which are all shown in high relief. The lotus leaves rolled with the wind are high and protruding; the birds perched in the flowers are moving or static, with different expressions. On the East and west sides of the two columns, there are peony, Magnolia, banana, Hydrangea and other flowers; on the outside of the side columns are wind bamboo and rain bamboo in relief. These flowers and plants are well structured and poetic.

In a word, although the content of the whole stonework is many, it is complicated but not disordered, with clear priority and proper arrangement. It is not only a tall ancient building, but also an organic combination of various carving techniques. It can be said that the craft is superior. It embodies the painstaking efforts of the older artists and shows the creativity of the people. After more than 100 years of wind and rain erosion, the stone square is still a perfect art treasure. "There are no two square in the world, except Yanzhou is an upper Temple", this folk saying is the praise of an upper stone square.

Folklore

It took 14 years from the design to the completion of the Anshang stone workshop. It is said that the Ma family had to pay three baskets of silver every day (equivalent to a basket that can hold 30 jin of soil). Ma ruozhou didn't expect that the workshop cost so much As he grew older, the Ma family was gradually unable to bear the burden, and their care for the craftsmen was not as thoughtful as in the past. For this reason, the craftsman's depression is also reflected in the stone square. There are four parts: (1) the lotus leaf carries the beam. The crossbeam of the stone square is supported by two lotus leaves, which is called the collapse of the Majia wall. (2) The bat heads to the ground. In ancient culture, bat carving means "blessing", while the bat head carved by craftsmen on the column rushes to the ground, implying "blessing to the head" of Ma family. (3) The door god is in the air. Each side of the gate is engraved with a door god. It is said that the God drives the clouds while the man steps on the ground. However, the craftsman lets the two door gods hang in the air, giving people a sense of ominy. (4) He kisses his ancestral grave. At the top four corners of the stone square are carved four dragons (dragons without horns in legend). The "Dragons" in the southeast, northeast and southwest corners are all eyes open and mouth closed. Only the "Dragons" in the northwest corner are eyes closed and mouth open. The ancestral square of the Majia family is in this position. The craftsmen intend to let the "Dragons" eat up the Majia family. It is said that after the Ma family built this square, the scenery was worse year by year and gradually declined.

After the Li brothers finished carving this square, they went to Yanzhou to carve a more perfect stone square for a wealthy family. The master was afraid that he would carve a better stone square for others. He asked, "can you carve a better stone square?" "If someone gives more money, there will be a better stone square," they said So Yanzhou's rich man poisoned the Li brothers' meals and killed them. Li brothers only carved two stone workshops in their lives. Yanzhou stone workshop was destroyed in the cultural revolution, so there is a saying that "there are no two workshops in the world, except Yanzhou is an nunnery".

After a hundred years of trials and tribulations, the local people believed in its spirit. Now there is a gap in the word "Zhenshun" in the four words "Zhenshun Liufang" in Shifang. It is said that when Japan invaded China, a group of Japanese devils stationed on the opposite hill. The Japanese devils fired two small steel cannons at this place, but Shifang remained unchanged. A devil curiously went to the stone square to see what happened. Unexpectedly, a stone dragon rolled down and hit the devil on the head. The devil's brain burst. Since then, the devils never dare to offend this place again. More than ten years ago, a man climbed to the top of the stone square after drinking, holding the dragon head in his hand, and wanted to take a picture. Suddenly, the dragon head rolled down with people. Some onlookers said that when they began to fall, the tap was down and the head was on the ground, but when they fell to the ground, the head was down and the tap was up. These two legends all contain the meaning that this square is inviolable and inviolable.

Shifang architecture

overview

Anshang stone square is located in Anshang Town, 33 kilometers southwest of Anqiu City, Shandong Province. It was built in 1829 (the ninth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty). It is a filial piety square built by Ma ruozhou for his sister-in-law Wang. According to Ma Ruo Zhuo's genealogy, Ma Ruo Zhuo (1788-1849), whose name is zipu, is called Huizhai. He is a student of Taisheng. He was granted xiuzhilang as an alternative to Xiancheng. He is a local rich family. His elder brother Ma Ruoyu (1784-1804), whose name is zhizhai, was given to dengshilang as an alternative to zhoulimu and married the queen of dabeixing Hanlin. When Wang went to Ma's family, under the shackles of feudal ethics, the couple failed to share the same room three years after marriage. Soon, Ma Ruoyu fell ill and died. Wang inherited the family education, determined to be chaste, and bowed to her parents. The neighbors called her "faithful to her parents and filial piety". It is said that Shifang was designed and carved by eight disciples led by Yangzhou artists Li Keqin and Li Kejian for 14 years. It is famous for its perfect modeling design and excellent carving skills. It is known as the saying that "there are no two archways in the world, except Yanzhou is an temple", which means that there is no other archway in the world comparable to Yanzhou archway (Yanzhou stone archway was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution). Some experts have commented that the Anshang stone square is the most exquisite and skillful of the more than 1400 stone squares in China. In some places, it is even better than the carving of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Confucius Temple in Qufu.

layout

Shifang sits in the West and faces east. It is about 12 meters high and 9.35 meters wide. It is made of limestone. Its structure can be divided into three parts: seat, body and top. The base of the square is composed of four strip-shaped footstones and four groups of round stone lions. The body of the square is composed of four main columns and two side doors. The top of the square is a single eaves veranda. Both sides of the upper part are engraved with the word "imperial edict". The plaques on the front floor of both sides are engraved with regular script characters of "Jie Dong Tian Bao" and "Zhen Shun Liu Fang". The inscription and postscript are "honoring Wang's Jie Xiao Fang, the wife of the Confucian boy Ma Ruoyu". The plaques on the second floor are engraved with "Dao Guang of the Qing Dynasty"

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