Man Chuan Guan

Man Chuan Guan

Manchuan Town, 70 kilometers southeast of Shangluo Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, is located at the confluence of Jinqian River and Jinjia river. It is named for its vast landform and wide water area. Manchuanguan used to be the border between Qin and Chu, and it was fortified here in the past dynasties. Now it is the border between Shaanxi and Hubei.

brief introduction

Manchuanguan has a long history. In the spring and Autumn period, it was the Manzi state; in the Warring States period, the boundary stele between Chu and Fangcheng passed through it, and the boundary stele between Qin and Chu is still in existence; in the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (533 AD), it was set up in Manchuan County, and in the third year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (563 AD), it was merged into Fengyang; in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was a circuitous battlefield repeatedly contested by the song and Jin Dynasties; in the twelfth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1475 AD), it was set up as an inspection department, with the Qing Dynasty as the Li and the Republic of China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the water transportation was developed here. The boat guild hall, Hubei guild hall, Wuchang guild hall, Luobang guild hall, wusheng palace and other buildings built at that time are now listed as protected cultural relics. Manchuanguan, one of the eight scenic spots in Shanyang, is surrounded by mountains and rivers. In the East, there is Cuiwei Longshan, in the north, there is majestic Huling, in the southwest, there is majestic Yunling, and the Jinqian River and Jinjia River pass through it. The climate here is warm and humid, rich in citrus, rice, sesame, tung oil and so on.

At the foot of Tudiling in qiandianzi village of Manchuan Town, there is a thousand Buddha cave in the mountain. It was built in Yongchang period of Wu Zhou Dynasty. The cave is 7.5 meters deep, 5 meters wide and 2.6 meters high. There are Buddha statues on three sides. There are nearly a thousand three-dimensional stone Buddhas carved on red brick and sand. The main Buddha is about 3 feet high, and the small Buddha is not high enough. On the left and right sides of the cave are "Guanyin Bodhisattva" and "Tathagata Buddha", and on the right side are Sakyamuni and others The statue is carved in stone. In the Qing Dynasty, one hundred of them were destroyed by bandits twice, and 222 of them are still alive. Under the dongkan, there are bamboo forest temples and dance pavilions, which were repaired in the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. It is poetic to connect with thousand Buddha cave. Outside the cave is a small temple composed of multi angle archway, left and right wing rooms and screen wall built in the 22nd year of the Republic of China. In the Huilong Temple group of qiandianzi village, less than one mile to the west of Qianfo cave, there is another historic site, Zhenzi stone Scripture cave, which is 5 meters long and 5 meters wide. In 1664 ad, the monk Chaogu of Shu Dynasty hid 460 volumes of scriptures in the cave. In 1774, a large number of scriptures were stolen. Today, the scripture cave is stored with Qianfo cave, manwang cave and Chaoyang cave, which are located in the west of Qianfo cave. They have become the bright pearls in Manchuanguan tourism resource area.

Luobang guild hall Luobang guild hall is located in Manchuanguan street, Shanyang County, commonly known as "Mawang Temple". It was built in 1886. It covers an area of 2000 square meters and is divided into two parts: temple and theater. The temple and courtyard are parallel to the north and south, separated by a wall in the middle. Each courtyard has a front hall, a patio, a main hall and two chambers. The theater and the temple are facing each other, and the north and the south are in parallel. The north building is larger and has a rest at the top of the mountain; the south building is smaller and has a double eaves and three drops of water. Both inside and outside the theater are decorated with woodcarving folk figures, Double Dragons and pearls, Danfeng and Chaoyang. Liang Jia has inscriptions such as "the opera house was built in the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, and the disciples of the mule Gang Guild Hall created and repaired.". Facing jinjiahe River, the guild hall is located in the water and land transportation hub from Hubei Province to Northwest China. It was the material scattered land and water and land trading market where merchants from Hubei, Shaanxi, Hunan, Shanxi and Henan provinces gathered at that time. There are Wuchang hall in the South and beihui hall in the north of Luobang guild hall, together with the nearby Pavilion style houses, forming an antique architectural complex, which integrates the architectural style of the north and the south in the Qing Dynasty.

Location traffic

geographical position

For Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, the junction of the three provinces. Manchuan Town, 70 kilometers southeast of Shangluo Shanyang County, is located at the confluence of Jinqian River and Jinjia river. It is named for its vast landform and wide water area.

Before the Longhai railway was opened to traffic, Manchuan was a dry dock, which was one of the important distribution centers for the exchange of materials between Shaanxi, Hubei, Henan and Sichuan.

Traffic routes

Take a bus from Xi'an bus station or Shangluo bus station to Shanyang County, and then transfer to the bus to Manchuan town.

material culture

Today, Manchuanguan town is located in the street, with many southerners. It is polite, skillful and tactful. Manchuan street is long and narrow, all paved with stones. On both sides of the house, mostly wooden walls, housing small and exquisite, there is a loft, painting Gables, qiaolongfengjiao, mirror hanging top, antique. There are lots of shops in the streets every day. The custom of "men go to the fields, women set up stalls" continues all the time. The bus station connects shanman highway, Seman highway and manjin highway, with convenient transportation. The ancient town of Manchuanguan is not only ancient, but also charming. No wonder people praise it: "Manchuanguan has a fresh scenery, not like Jiangnan is better than Jiangnan.".

Manchuan Street: 1 km long, more than 300 households, shaped like a scorpion. On the street for the scorpion tail, down the street for the scorpion head, the narrowest in the middle. There is Guanyin Pavilion at the top and Longwang Pavilion at the bottom, which is called xiaohankou in ancient times. Among them are:

1. Wuchang Hall (made for Xiajiang workers); 2. Mawang temple; 3. Luobang guild hall; 4. Double stage (no duel Opera); 5. North guild hall; 6. Yangsi temple.

Characteristic culture: Henan Opera - Han Erhuang (the predecessor of Peking Opera) Manchuan local opera.

Quju: Nanyang Opera (sometimes three or four stages sing at the same time and compete with each other).

Details:

There are statues in Mawang temple, but there are no statues in Luobang temple. Every day, there are 20 or 30 horses. Yangsi temple - boat guild hall, shuitoujie. Local tung oil, sesame oil and cotton. At the same time, tea from Ziyang and silk from Zhejiang were also exchanged here.

Manchuan pass is surrounded by the Qianjin river. There are two wharves along the Qianjin River (formerly called liyongwan, there are two wharves, one of which is shuizikou wharf, with more than ten boats a day), old hotels (Houjia Hotel and Wujia Hotel). There are gold mines in the upper reaches. There is jinmozi on the beach in the river. It is more than a mile away from shuihan Matou. Shuihan wharf and Yangsi Temple talk about boat state.

There are more than 30000 people in the ancient town of Manchuanguan. Besides manchuanjie, there are Niangniang Temple (seeing off and stealing children), Sangong Temple (Tiangong, Digong and shuigong), and ciwang Temple (ciwang is the local god).

Intangible culture

1. Folk embroidery (children's pockets, silk and shoes). Every child has four or five sets of pockets. Every Dragon Boat Festival, children wear red cloth pockets with delicate embroidery to avoid evil spirits.

2. Folk Festival procession (from front to back) two lights play in front of the procession / a bright lion / a hemp lion (fireworks are put at it, people are running happily after the lion while putting fireworks) / a dragon lantern / a gong and drum shed (for eating) / sixteen or twenty-four ancient lights / Lantern boats. The team has been bustling until early in the morning.

3. Dragon lantern competition: on the 15th and 16th of the first lunar month, people go to the streets, middle streets and lower streets to play dragon lanterns one after another and try to compete with each other.

4. Zhuangtou: it is divided into high stage Stories (acting on the table, and standing on the table according to the content of the play, there are two to four children. The table is carried by four people, and the other four people are reserved, with a total of eight people carrying it.) High and platform stories.

Beauty of man Chuan

"The frontier of Qin and Chu in the past, and the border of Shaanxi and Hubei in the present", the northern elementary school, Jiangnan Manchuan pass, is known as the "water and drought wharf" of "connecting Wu and Chu in the South and Qin and Jin in the north". The allusion of "early Qin and late Chu" comes from here.

In the past, Manchuanguan once had the glory of "water wharf with 100 boats and masts, dry wharf with thousands of hooves". After the song and Yuan Dynasties, Qianqian river was opened, and Manchuan was the distribution center of local mountain goods and Jiangnan handicrafts. After the Qing Dynasty, due to the development of water transportation, Manchuanguan naturally became an important business town in southern Shaanxi. "Shanyang County annals" records the grand business event of Manchuanguan on that day: "there are many boats on the water wharf of Manchuanguan, and the goods are piled up in mountains.". Shanghai's "domestic goods" and foreign "foreign goods" are transported to Manchuan from Hankou or Laohekou, and then transported to Xi'an, Henan and Shanxi by piggyback. The local residents "do business in nine of ten households". Therefore, the commodity consciousness of Manchuan residents was cultivated more than 1600 years ago. The preserved ancient buildings such as "Luobang guild hall", "Wuchang hall", "beiguild hall", "Yuanyang shuangxilou" and other residential buildings with Ming and Qing architectural styles such as "Huangjia pharmacy" and "lianhuadi" in the urban area all tell the story of the prosperity of Manchuan pass in the past and the unique style of Qin and Chu.

Dry dock is the central market of mule gang and boat Gang trade. Every year, on March 3, there is an exchange meeting for the mule Gang, in which the Yuanyang theater is held; on May Dragon Boat Festival, there is an exchange meeting for the boatman guild hall, in which the dragon boat race is held on the water wharf, and the opera is held on the dry Wharf, so as to prosper business. Commercial circulation makes the north and South cultures fully integrate in Manchuan, forming the unique cultural characteristics of Manchuan pass. Today's Manchuanguan people are not only tough and upright from the north, but also warm and affectionate from the south. They treat people warmly and generously. They are good at words, filial to the old, loving their relatives and paying attention to etiquette. Jia Pingwa, a famous writer, praises the beautiful women in Shaanxi Province.

The battle of Manchuanguan

In November 1932, in order to break through the siege and interception of the 300000 Kuomintang troops, the Fourth Front Army of the red army fought a bloody battle with the Kuomintang troops in Manchuan pass, Shanyang County, which was handed over from Hubei to Shaanxi. It broke through Manchuan pass, which was called "the grave of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army" by Hu zongnan, smashed Chiang Kai Shek's attempt to encircle and annihilate the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, and saved the main force of the whole army.

During the second Civil Revolutionary War, the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army was stationed in Xuzhou

Chinese PinYin : Man Chuan Guan