Zhouyuan Museum

Zhouyuan Museum

Baoji Zhouyuan museum is a special museum built on the basis of large-scale archaeological excavation of Zhouyuan site. Jingdang village, located at the junction of Fufeng and Qishan counties, was the living place of the residents in the early Zhou Dynasty. On the basis of large-scale archaeological excavation of Zhouyuan site, it is a site museum established in 1987. The museum is located in zhaochen village, Famen Town, Fufeng County.

In September 2018, Zhouyuan museum was approved as a national second-class Museum by China Museum Association.

Development history

After years of archaeological excavation, Qiyi City, ancestral temple, palace and other sites have been found. A large number of precious cultural relics such as bronzes, oracle bone inscriptions and bone fragments have been unearthed. There is a bronze Museum of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which collects and displays many archaeological treasures found here, especially the largest number and the most complete variety of bronzes. Mao Gong Ding, the longest bronze ware with 497 characters, was found, and Li Wang Wei, the largest bronze Cuan (weighing more than 30 kg), was found. In addition, there are a variety of Western Zhou tile, tube tile, tile, as well as Western Zhou oracle bone inscriptions, pottery kiln sites.

architectural composition

The exhibition of Zhouyuan museum is divided into indoor and outdoor parts. The outdoor exhibition includes the ancestral temple and palace of the Western Zhou Dynasty; the indoor exhibition includes four exhibition halls, including the exhibition of Zhouyuan historical relics, the art exhibition of calligraphy of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the wine culture exhibition of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the special exhibition of Zhouyuan precious cultural relics. The collection includes hundreds of exquisite bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as the historical wall plate known as "bronze history book" and the folding cup known as "art treasure". Among them, a group of 103 complete bronzes unearthed from the No.1 hoard of Zhuangbai is the most eye-catching. There are China's earliest ceramic building materials, simple tiles, tiles, ceramic water pipes, etc.; there are jade necklace with delicate carving, vivid shape, translucent and crystal clear; there are jade for people and animals, ritual and guard of honor; there are China's earliest primitive glass products, primitive porcelain, colored silk, etc.; there are tens of thousands of oracle bones of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The calligraphy art exhibition of the Western Zhou Dynasty is very elegant. More than 230 pieces of calligraphy treasures of the Western Zhou Dynasty, such as inscriptions on gold, pottery, oracle bones and oracle inscriptions, were displayed in recent years. It includes calligraphy works of art from King Wu to king you.

Collection

There are more than ten thousand precious cultural relics unearthed from Zhouyuan site in the museum. There are exquisite bronzes, such as the art treasure, the wall plate of bronze history books, the three year division pot of the crown of the pot, the king of the pot, the tripod of war history books, and the legal judgment These cultural relics are not only of high historical value, but also have a clear chronology, which is a rare standard for dating bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty. There are precious oracle bone inscriptions. The original oracle bone inscriptions of Zhou Dynasty have beautiful handwriting, neat shape, fluent and skillful knife technique, and powerful carving. Some of them are as small as millet, which can be seen with a magnifying glass. They can be called the earliest fine art of micro carving in China, which has high historical data and value There are thousands of exquisite jade wares unearthed in Zhouyuan, which are of various types, exquisite shapes, wonderful ideas and originality. At the same time, Zhouyuan Museum collects a large number of precious cultural relics, such as pottery, clam ware, primitive pottery, production and living utensils, building materials, etc. unearthed from the Zhouyuan site. These cultural relics comprehensively reflect the production, living customs, political and economic conditions of the Zhou people 3000 years ago. At the same time, they also cast a mysterious color on the treasure land of Zhouyuan. The broad and profound Zhou culture is the root of Chinese culture and the source of Chinese culture.

zhouyuan site

Zhouyuan, located in the west of Guanzhong, is about 100 kilometers away from Xi'an City, covering most of today's Fengxiang, Qishan, Fufeng and Wugong counties. According to historical records, the ancestor of the Zhou people, the father of Gu Gong (Zhou Taigong), led his people to settle here in the "Zhou" area of today's Qishan. Zhou also got its name because of its location. The land here is fertile, the rainfall is abundant, and the climate is mild. Before King Wen of Zhou, he was the activity center of Zhou people.

The famous Zhouyuan site is located in the area of 20 square kilometers at the junction of Qishan and Fufeng counties. After archaeological investigation, the ancestral temples, tombs, Treasuries and documents (bronze inscriptions and oracle bone inscriptions) of the Zhou royal family were found. In the northwest, there are palaces and ancestral temples (now Fengchao village in Qishan County and zhaochen village in Fufeng County). The southeast is a residential area for Chinese people, and also a handicraft workshop area for copper smelting, pottery firing and bone carving (now Yuntang village, Qizhen, Zhuangbai, Qijia, huangdui Township, Fufeng County). The southwest is the burial area (now Hejia village and Licun village, Jingdang Township, Qishan County).

Since 1976, two large-scale architectural sites have been excavated in Fengchao village of Qishan County and zhaochen village of Fufeng County. Fengchicun building site, 46 meters long from north to south, 23.5 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 1500 square meters. The house faces south, with the screen wall, doorway, central courtyard, hall, corridor and back room as the central axis. There are East and West Wing rooms and ear rooms arranged on both sides, and there are corridors connecting them. It is the earliest tile found so far in China. The wall surface and the floor inside the house are paved with the mixture of loess, sand and lime, which is hard and smooth. The eaves columns and porch columns are arranged in order, and there are steps under the door leading to the courtyard. There are sewer pipes in the hospital. This kind of closed building with two entrances is the earliest symmetrical and tight quadrangle building form found in China. It is speculated that the building is likely to be the "Taimiao" in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhaochen village is a large-scale architectural site with a diameter of 1.9 meters and a network structure. This may be a magnificent palace building. What is remarkable is that more than 17000 pieces of divination bones and shells have been found in fengchucun site. Among them, more than 290 pieces have characters. These oracle bone inscriptions record the contents of sacrifice, war, hunting, politics, diplomacy and so on. The strokes of some oracle bone inscriptions are as thin as hair and as small as millet, which can be seen with a magnifying glass. It is judged that this is a kind of metal micro engraving, which reflects that China's Micro engraving technology has a long history.

Zhou Yuan is known as the "hometown of bronzes", and the number of bronzes unearthed is the only one in the world. Since the third year of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty (58bc), bronzes have been unearthed here, and many important discoveries have been made.

In 1890, more than 120 bronzes were unearthed from Renjia of Fufeng County. The famous MaoGong Ding, Dake Ding, Xiaoke Ding and weiding are all unearthed here. Among them, the inscription of MaoGong Ding has 497 characters, which records the historical events of the Chinese uprising which broke out in the first year of the Republic of China (841 BC) with Ho Jing as the center. It is now in the Palace Museum of Taipei. With a height of nearly 1 meter and a diameter of 1 meter, Dake Ding is magnificent and magnificent. It is now in Shanghai Museum. In 1957, a total of 37 bronze wares were unearthed in Dongjia village, Jingdang Township, Qishan County. Among them, the inscriptions on weiding and Weihe recorded the transfer and sale of land in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which provided extremely valuable information for the study of the land system in the middle of the western Zhou Dynasty. In the winter of 1974, 103 hoard bronzes were unearthed in the south of Zhuangbai village, Fufeng County, which is the largest number of hoard bronzes ever unearthed after the founding of the people's Republic of China. One of the most famous is the wall plate. The inscription on the wall plate is 284 characters long, recording the family history of Shiqiang and tracing the lineage of the kings Wen, Wu, Cheng, Kang, Zhao and mu. It was once transported to Beijing and exhibited in the hall of Baohe for one year and three months. In addition, the large and small Yu Ding and Nangong chime bells unearthed in Li village of Qishan are of great historical and artistic value.

Zhouyuan is a treasure house of underground cultural relics. In 1982, the State Council listed it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Address: Hejia village, Jingdang Town, Qishan County, Baoji City

Longitude: 107.84834876716

Latitude: 34.481670143818

Tel: 0917-8432230

Ticket information: market price: 20.0 yuan

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