Museum of imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty

Pucheng Museum of imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty

synonym

The Museum of imperial examination in Qing Dynasty generally refers to the Museum of imperial examination in Pucheng

Pucheng Qing Dynasty Academy Museum is located at 17 East Huaiyuan lane, Chengguan Town, Pucheng County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. Founded in 1891, it covers an area of 6200 square meters and has a history of more than 100 years. There are more than 70 existing main buildings, such as entrance hall, examination room, Lunxiu hall, bathroom courtyard, official hall, etc., which are the most complete preserved examination places for children in Qing Dynasty in China. Now it has become a special heritage museum integrating research on imperial examination system, display of imperial examination cultural relics, promotion of traditional culture and research activities. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and national AAA level

Tourist attractions.

Brief introduction of the College

Pucheng examination institute, founded in 1891, was built by Zhang Rongsheng and the local gentry in Renxian county at that time to solve the problem that examinees in five counties north of Weihe River in Tongzhou Prefecture had to set up examination sheds; at ordinary times, it was the "Xingyuan" who came to Puxi for inspection by the provincial government. Therefore, the engineering quality requirements were very high, and all of them were undertaken by skilled craftsmen at that time.

If the imperial examination at that time is divided according to its grades, then the palace examination is at the top of the pyramid, and the county examination is at the bottom. Only after passing the county examination can they be qualified to take part in the government examination and the hospital examination. The candidates who took part in the County examination, the government examination and the hospital examination are collectively referred to as Tong Sheng. After they passed the hospital examination, they are called students, commonly known as Xiucai. At that time, the county examination, the government examination and the hospital examination were held here In the imperial examination system, Pucheng examination college was the place where scholars were born.

History and renovation of Pucheng Academy

In the 17th year of Guangxu (1891 AD), it was built by Zhang Rongsheng and the gentry in Ren county at that time;

In 1905, the imperial examination was abolished, and the College of examination was changed into the first primary school of Pucheng County, with a teacher's training center attached. It was designed to accept primary school graduates, and the length of schooling was four years;

In October 1949, Pucheng County People's government set up "Pucheng County East Huaiyuan primary school" in the college;

On July 15, 1983, the Academy was announced by the county people's government as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units at the county level;

On April 20, 1992, it was announced as the third batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units by the provincial people's government;

On September 18, 1998, the Academy was put under the management of the cultural relics department, and the "Cultural Relics Management Office of the Academy of Qing Dynasty in Pucheng County" was established;

In 2007, it was renamed "Pucheng County Qing Dynasty Academy Museum". From 1998 to 2018, Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of cultural relics allocated more than 5 million yuan for the maintenance and protection of the main hall, the second hall, kaoshe, dongguanting, lunxiutang and other buildings.

From 2013 to 2019, it successively displayed the cultural and biological examination, the martial arts examination and the imperial examination cultural relics exhibition.

On October 16, 2019, it was approved and announced as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Introduction to the architecture of Pucheng Examination Institute

It covers an area of 6200 square meters and faces south from north to south. The existing buildings along the central axis are the main hall, the second gate, the corridor, the East-West house, the official hall (Council Hall), the Lunxiu hall, the bathroom courtyard, the East-West wing room, the inner room, the ear room, etc. The imperial examination Museum of Qing Dynasty shows the profound connotation of imperial examination culture to people through cultural relics display, scene reproduction, pictures and text, multimedia projection and other forms.

When we open the entrance of the college, the first thing we see is a plaque, which reads "Tian Kai Wen Yun", meaning that God gives scholars the opportunity to enter the official career. The two red lacquer gates are thick and solid, and they are installed on two drum shaped stone piers, which are very tall and spacious. The brick and wood carvings of kaoyuan are very exquisite. The "eight" brick wall outside the gate is engraved with brick reliefs with strong folk color, such as "golden pheasant heralds the dawn", "Phoenix spreads its wings", "ape climbs branches", "mouse pulls grapes".

The second courtyard is the most important part of the examination building complex, with 12 symmetrical buildings on both sides, and a total of 24 "examination houses". In this place, students from all over the world come here to take exams, either in sedans, or on foot, or on horseback, with dry food It's the place where they realized their dream. Now it's the exhibition of Wen Sheng examination.

At the end of the house is the gate of the palace of January, with brick plaques on both sides. In the south, "Tengjiao Qifeng" is engraved, and in the north, "Zidian Qingshuang" is engraved. These two sentences come from the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo's preface to Tengwang Pavilion. Tengjiao Qifeng praises the articles of Liberal Arts candidates, such as Jiaolong going to sea and Phoenix dancing, while Zidian Qingshuang praises the Martial Arts candidates for their majesty and validity. Through the moon arch into a small courtyard, two East and two West Wing rooms on both sides. The courtyard is the place where the discipline of the examination room is announced during the examination.

The third entrance to the courtyard is the Lunxiu hall. This magnificent hall is the place where martial students take military theory examination and the infield of martial students' examination. Now it is the place to show the scene of the martial arts examination

The fourth entrance courtyard is called "Guanting", which is a resting place for invigilators.

The bathroom hospital is a place for examinees to take a bath before the exam. After taking a bath, they change into test clothes to prevent examinees from carrying relevant materials, books or writing relevant answers on their arms or bodies to cheat in the exam. Now it is a fine exhibition of cultural relics of imperial examination.

According to the design of traditional residential courtyard in Guanzhong, the whole academy is a well preserved imperial examination site museum of Qing Dynasty in China, which provides full and accurate historical evidence for the study of ancient imperial examination system in China.

The historical background of imperial examination system

Before the emergence of the imperial examination system, the official selection system in feudal society mainly included: abdication system, system of Shi Qing Shi Lu, system of inspection and examination, and system of nine grades. Chanrang system, Chaju system and Jiupin Zhongzheng system were gradually eliminated in the long history. A more perfect system of selecting officials was about to emerge. In 587 ad, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty abolished Jiupin Zhongzheng system. In 605 A.D., officials were selected by means of examination, thus the "imperial examination system" came into being.

In order to obtain the qualification to take part in the formal imperial examination, people in the Qing Dynasty had to take part in the children's examination first. Those who took part in the children's examination were called Tong Sheng, and those who were admitted were called Sheng Ren (there were government schools, state schools and county schools in the Qing Dynasty). Students are subject to the discipline of the instructors (professors, students, teachers, instructions). In the early Qing Dynasty, the students were still studying in the school (there were monthly classes and quarterly examinations, but later they became nominal). They were also known as students, commonly known as scholars. Only in this way could they take part in the formal imperial examination. This is the starting point of "fame". The imperial examination was divided into three levels: the local examination, the general examination and the palace examination.

Collection exhibits

There are more than 1000 pieces of imperial examination cultural relics in the museum,

Pucheng County Museum of imperial examination in Qing Dynasty mainly displays the history of imperial examination system and imperial examination institution to tourists through cultural relics display, film broadcast, pictures and text.

In ancient times, the students used the tape

Examinees will "four books", "Five Classics" and other test content with moustaches stained with ink writing, sewing into clothes, sole, hidden in the hair into the examination room to cheat.

"Gunner article":

In addition to making sketches, some candidates will also find someone to take the exam, commonly known as "guntie". This cultural relic is about a third-class scholar in Pucheng who was found by the invigilator when taking the exam. The examiner asked him to write an article with the "shooter" proposition. The scholar wrote incisively and vividly about the benefits and bitterness of taking the exam for others, and most regretted that he had reformed himself, and let the adults raise his hand and lighten his hair Fall.

In the Qing Dynasty, officials' tonics were as follows

The tonic on the ancient official uniform is a symbol and symbol of identity and status, which is equivalent to today's military rank. According to different official positions, its patterns are different, including civilian birds, military officials and animals, and according to different official positions. The pattern is also different.

Cultural anecdotes

Renzi Science Center

Pucheng has a profound historical and cultural heritage. According to records, in 1732, the "Renzi Kechang case" that shocked the whole country took place in Pucheng. At that time, the Jinbang came, and the Baolu cannon in front of Pucheng Xuegong rang four times in a row. Zhu Xiansheng, the county magistrate, was very happy because he knew that Pucheng had four winners in the provincial rural examination. However, the next 10 reports have been reported. Zhu Zhi county is very surprised. One or two people in a county are honored. This time, there are 14 senior high school students in this county. Is it possible? So I went to the gate of the academy and found out that there were 18 winners in the whole province, 13 in Pucheng, and there was another deputy winner, who was called "thirteen and a half".

However, some of the candidates who failed in Linxian County suspected that there were drawbacks and jointly sued the imperial court. Yongzheng read angry, instructed the Minister of rites to investigate the case. After a few days' private visit to Pucheng, the case handler was in a state of irritability. In the evening, they walked in the streets of the city, but saw thousands of lights and heard a lot of books. Sighed: "no wonder Emperor Tang Ming called Pucheng the place of dragon and Phoenix!" Excited to talk while walking, until the middle of the night, found that the lights did not reduce, the sound of books. "The book of rites suddenly realized:" Pucheng style of study is very prosperous, so it is Shortly after the minister returned to Beijing, the imperial court sent an imperial edict: Zhu Xiansheng had a good command of Pucheng, awarded a plaque of "the land of Rites" and promoted him to liupin Daotai. This is the story of thirteen and a half people told by the older generation of Pucheng people.

Pu case: prelude of Xinhai Revolution in Shaanxi

Guangxu 32 years (1906), Pucheng examination institute into Pucheng County higher school

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