Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province

synonym

Qingmuchuan nature reserve generally refers to Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve

Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, located in Ningqiang County, Hanzhong City, is a nature reserve approved by the State Council in 2009. The nature reserve is located in the north subtropical humid area with special geographical location and climate type. The annual average temperature is 13 ℃, which is a typical cool subtropical mountain climate.

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve breeds abundant and diverse animal and plant resources. Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve mainly protects the giant panda, golden monkey, takin and other rare wild animals, plants and their habitats.

Historical evolution

On August 26, 2002, Majiashan Nature Reserve in Qingmuchuan was established.

In 2004, experts and scholars from Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Northwest Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, West China Normal University, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University and Northeast Normal University conducted a biodiversity survey in Qingmuchuan nature reserve, Shaanxi Province.

In April 2007, it was declared as a National Nature Reserve and renamed as Qingmuchuan nature reserve, and passed the preliminary examination.

It was approved as "Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve" on September 18, 2009.

geographical environment

position

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is located at the intersection of Qinling Mountains and Minshan mountains at the junction of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. It is located in Qingmuchuan town on the western border of Ningqiang County. It borders Wudu and Kangxian County of Gansu Province in the north, Qingchuan County of Sichuan Province in the west, Nanba village of Qingmuchuan town in the South and Guangping River in the East. It is between 105 ° 28 ′～ 105 ° 40 ′ in the East and 32 ° 50 ′～ 32 ° 56 ′ in the north.

geology

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is located in the southern margin of Qinling Mountain geosynclinal fold belt. It is sericite chlorite Calc quartz schist. The tectonic movement and magmatic activity are relatively strong. The folds are tight, the strata are metamorphic, and the faults and secondary structures are fully developed. The folds are mainly compound syncline, the strike is ne, and the main faults are ne.

topographic features

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is located in Qinling Mountains. The main part of the reserve is the geosynclinal fold belt of Qinling Mountains. Most of the mountains are metamorphic complex mountains with an altitude of 1000-1800 meters. The main peaks of maojialiang, cuohuanxi, Fenghuangshan and mamashi in the northwest border are 1700-2000 meters above sea level. The highest altitude of Fenghuangshan in the reserve is 2054 meters.

soil

The results show that the soil in Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is mainly yellow brown soil and paddy soil.

Yellow brown soil

The yellow brown soil in Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve belongs to common yellow brown soil, which is distributed on the hillside of 900-1950 meters above sea level. The surface soil is mainly divided into three layers, of which the surface layer (layer a) is gray brown, and its thickness is greatly affected by topography and vegetation coverage. The deposition layer (B layer) is yellowish brown. The parent material layer (C layer) is generally semi weathered clastic material similar to the parent rock.

paddy soil

Paddy soil is a special kind of soil formed by long-term cultivation of rice and soil development under flooding conditions. The paddy soil in the nature reserve is a rusty yellow mud field soil formed by artificial hydroponics on the basis of yellow brown soil, which is mainly distributed in the mountain valley of Pingchuan in the area of Changsha dam and Qingmuchuan.

hydrology

Water distribution

The water systems of Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve are distributed in parallel, mainly including zhonglianggou River, Pinggou River, Huanghe River, Tujia River and Hougou river. Jinxi river originates from zhongliangya in the area, flows southward to jinshansi Township and flows into Jialing River at yaowan. The length of the area is 18km, the drainage area is 90km2, and the drop is 1147m, all of which are catchment in the area. Hougou river is about 3km long in the reserve, with a drainage area of 12km2. The rivers in Qingmuchuan nature reserve have no seasonal flow interruption.

Water Quality

The results of sampling test in this area show that the chemical property of water belongs to type I and type II of bicarbonate type calcium group. The pH value is between 5.9 and 7.3, which belongs to neutral water. The average hardness is 41.3 mg / L, which is soft water. Through the chemical composition test of water, the organic matter such as oxygen consumption, nitrogen and ammonia, and six tests such as phenol, cyanide, arsenic, mercury, fluorine and chromium all reached the first level.

soil erosion

Due to the large distribution of granite, gneiss and other ancient rocks in Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, the surface weathering, loose soil and weak permeability of bedrock are prone to earth rock landslide and soil erosion. Soil and water loss is mainly concentrated in the low mountains near the south, but the soil and water loss is not serious.

climate

Ningqiang County, where Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is located, has a north subtropical climate with significant mountain forest microclimate characteristics. The climate is cool and humid throughout the year, with less rainfall in spring, rainy in summer and autumn, and snowy in winter. The local climate also has the characteristics of long winter, short summer and spring and autumn. The higher the altitude is, the more obvious this phenomenon is.

Regional scope

Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve is 15.5 km wide from north to South and 28 km long from east to west, with a total area of 10200 ha, including 4058.29 ha of core area, 2634.59 ha of buffer area and 3507.12 ha of experimental area.

Protection target

The overall protection objectives of Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve are: to comprehensively protect the giant panda, golden monkey, takin, rare plants and other wild animals and plants as well as their habitats and natural landscape in Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, enhance the ability of protection, scientific research and monitoring, propaganda and education in Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve, enhance the awareness of resource protection, and promote the development of giant panda Panda ecological protection network.

The specific planning and design objectives include:

The model of rare and endangered animal protection is to build a comprehensive animal protection and management system to comprehensively protect the national ecosystem of Qingmuchuan, Shaanxi Province;

The demonstration of ecological restoration is to restore the ecological landscape of the reserve and reproduce the original ecology of Qingmuchuan reserve;

The base of science popularization education is the shortcut to experience nature and the home of ecological science popularization, so as to build the base of nature protection and science popularization.

natural resources

plant resources

There are 1598 species of vascular plants belonging to 732 genera, 173 families in Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve. Among them, 131 species belong to 55 genera of 27 families, 28 species belong to 16 genera of 6 families and 1439 species belong to 661 genera of 140 families. From the basic composition of the flora, these plant species contain various distribution types, sources and components, including temperate and tropical genera, ancient and young genera, narrow genera and species only distributed in Qinba Mountains, widely distributed genera and species in China, and endemic genera and species in China. The complexity and diversity of geographical elements greatly enrich the plant special diversity of Qingmuchuan nature reserve, which also contains very rich and valuable germplasm resources.

Animal resources

The terrestrial fauna of Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve has the characteristics of transition from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone. The Oriental and widespread species are dominant, while the Palaearctic species are significantly reduced, showing the characteristics of migration zone. It is a cool subtropical nature reserve from Minshan Mountain to Qinling mountain. According to the comprehensive scientific investigation, there are 15 species of amphibians in 8 families, 2 orders, There are 18 species belonging to 15 genera, 9 families, 2 orders, including 1 species of national class I key protected animals; 19 species belonging to 15 genera, 9 families, 2 orders of reptiles; 134 species belonging to 35 families (subfamilies), 13 orders of birds There are 13 species of national key protected birds, including 1 species of national first-class key protected birds and 13 species of national second-class key protected birds; 70 species of mammals belong to 56 genera, 26 families, 7 orders, including 5 species of national first-class key protected animals and 5 species of national second-class key protected animals. The rare species, such as giant panda, golden monkey, takin and macaque, have become the indicative species in this area.

Development and utilization

comprehensive utilization

According to the actual situation of Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province, experts were invited to conduct on-the-spot investigation for many times. The tourism development orientation of building "Star Town, tourism town, cultural town" and "legendary ancient town, hometown of Qiang people, leisure paradise" was put forward. The overall planning of Qingmuchuan town construction, the overall planning of Qingmuchuan tourism development and the project of Qingmuchuan town tourism area were compiled The urban planning area has been expanded from 0.5 square kilometers to 3.6 square kilometers according to the detailed constructive planning, the construction planning of Qingmuchuan cultural tourism ancient town, the planning of Jinxi new area, the planning of "one river and two banks" of Qingmuchuan and the overall planning of Qingmuchuan film and television culture base. In the process of planning compilation and revision, the overall consideration should be made from the functional orientation, spatial layout, industrial structure, production factors and local advantages

Chinese PinYin : Qing Mu Chuan Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu