Bashang grassland in Zhangbei

Bashang grassland in Zhangbei

Bashang in Zhangbei mainly refers to Zhongdu grassland in Zhangbei County, Hebei Province. It is a part of Xilinguole grassland with an average altitude of 1400 meters and an average annual temperature of only 4 degrees Celsius. It is known as "the thirteen provinces in the world are colder than huapiling". It was once the place where Genghis Khan commanded the Mongolian army to fight against the golden soldiers in Yehuling, Zhangbei, and also the place where the royal family used to spend the summer, hunt and meet foreign envoys. The Central Plains grassland is a part of the Xilingol Grassland and its essence. The ecosystem here is complete, with the chants of "endless grass in the sand", "endless grass in the wind", "deep grass lying on sheep and horses".

Bashang grassland covers a total area of about 360 square kilometers, which is part of Inner Mongolia grassland. The average altitude is about 1700 meters, and the highest altitude is about 2400 meters. The birthplace of Luanhe River and Chaohe River lies in it, with latitude between 41 and 42 degrees. The average temperature of Bashang tourism season is about 18 ℃, and the annual average temperature is about 1.4-6 ℃. The scenery on the dam is beautiful. In summer, the sky is blue, the grass is green, the clouds and flowers are beautiful, and the wild flowers are fragrant. In autumn, the mountains are red, and the wild fruits are fragrant. In winter, the snow is white, and the Yushu flowers are beautiful. It's like a beautiful poem and a beautiful picture.

Bashang grassland is full of sheep and horses. The sky is high and the air is cool. The grass is lush. The mountains on the edge of the dam are like clusters and the water is murmuring. The area where the dam is connected is densely forested, the mountains are precious and the game is endless. When you go to the dam, you can enjoy the cool feeling of summer. With the breeze passing by, you can get rid of fatigue quickly. Looking around, in the dense green meadow, dotted with stars like wild flowers. Large birch forest, layers of branches and leaves, leakage spot light and shadow. The beautiful lightning river is surrounded by jade belt and flows quietly by your side. Herds of cattle, horses and sheep live and forage. The rough songs and crisp long whips of herders are combined with the pleasant sound of birds, which adds infinite vitality to the plain grassland.

geographical environment

Bashang grassland has no summer heat in summer. At night, the moon and the campfire are bright. Singing and dancing is a good place for you to visit. You can sing, dance and drink with your friends beside the campfire. You can also count the stars in the sky on the grassland alone. It's very interesting. In the early morning, you can also climb the mountain and walk with dew. A red sun is rising. The sunrise on the grassland has its own characteristics. It seems that the sun is closer to you. The dew on the grass is crystal clear. Sheep, horses and cattle dot the grassland in the early morning. Occasionally, there is a clear mist. Friends come to Bashang grassland to experience "the sky is vast, the wild is vast, and the wind blows grass" The beauty of "cattle and sheep" is low.

Bashang grassland in Zhangbei is located in the north of Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City. It used to be the place for autumn hunting of the Qing emperor. The air here is pure with little pollution. It is a well preserved natural grassland.

In summer, the grassland is cool, full of flowers and white clouds. This is the best time to visit the grassland scenery. You can live in a yurt with unique flavor or bring your own tent.

The ecosystem here is complete, with the chants of "endless grass in the sand", "endless grass in the wind", "deep grass lying on sheep and horses".

Green grass, blue sky, white clouds, flocks of cattle and sheep, camel bells, birds singing, yurt, milk tea, handlebar meat, mutton and mushroom soup, naked oatmeal and wowowo incense, all of which are a group of grassland customs outside the Great Wall.

Bashang refers to the northern part of Beijing and the southernmost part of Inner Mongolia Plateau, including Zhangbei, Shangyi, Kangbao and Guyuan counties in Bashang of Zhangjiakou, and Fengning and Weichang counties in Bashang of Chengde, with a total area of more than 200000 square kilometers.

Bashang grassland in Zhangbei is located in the north of Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City.

Natural climate

The terrain on the dam is hilly and plain, high in the southeast and bottom in the northwest; the river network is dense and the water is rich. Bashang grassland is a plateau grassland with an altitude of 1200-1400 meters. There are many passes and peaks along the dam, with the highest altitude of more than 2500 meters. Climate: the last continental monsoon climate. Cold, windy and drought are the most obvious characteristics of Bashang. In August, it is hot at noon, and cool in the morning and evening. The average annual temperature of Bashang is 1-2 ℃, the frost free period is 90-120 days, and the annual precipitation is about 400mm.

Bashang rivers are mostly inland rivers with strong seasonality and often dry up. During the rainy season, mountain torrents and rivers gather together to form "Nao". The largest NAO is in Shangyi and Zhangbei, which is called "chahannao and anguli Nao". The largest outflow river is Luanhe River, which originates from Fengning and flows through Guyuan, and is called "lightning River". It passes through Lanqi and Shangdu river. It passes through Fengning and Weichang and then goes south, and is called "Luanhe River". There are more than 100 natural lakes and reservoirs on the dam of Naohe reservoir. The larger ones are chahannao in Shangyi, Angulinao and huanggainao in Zhangbei, lightning River Reservoir in Guyuan, wetland in Fengning, Moon Lake and jiangjunpaozi in Weichang. There are many natural fish in these waters, most of which are crucian carp and common carp. There are many wetlands around the reservoir and the lake. There are abundant water and grass, and most of them are swans and magpies.

Bashang grassland is a typical arid grassland, which is called caotan by local people. Most of them are dry grasses, with the height of 15-40 cm. This kind of grassland accounts for most of Bashang grassland. Meadow grassland is the best type of grassland, the main plants are perennial herbs, about 30-60 cm high, there are a variety of wild flowers in full bloom. This kind of grassland is common in most areas of Guyuan Wuhua meadow, lightning River, Chabei pasture, Weichang and Fengning beach.

Forest: Bashang natural forest is mainly distributed in Weichang Saihanba area, Southeast Guyuan and Fengning Yanba area. The natural forests are mainly birch, Populus davidiana and apricot; the shrubbery are Ulmus pumila, Salix mandshurica, Salix psammophila and Caragana korshinskii; the artificial forests are mainly pine in the East and poplar in the west of Bashang. The coverage rate ranges from 8% to 12%, especially the paddock, which is the location of the National Forest Park. The ecological environment here is better. In the west of China, there are many artificial forests. The number of trees on the dam directly affects the ecological environment around Beijing.

The traffic on the dam is convenient. To get out of Beijing and into the grassland, you have to go through "four entrances": from xifengkou to shangweichang in the East, more than 380 kilometers; from Gubeikou to Fengning in the West. Zhangjiakou north by 207 National Road to Zhangbei, from Beijing through Juyongguan dushikou shangguyuan to Lanqi. The shape of these four roads was formed as early as the yuan and Qing Dynasties, when the royal family was hunting. They were called the four "Royal Roads" at that time.

History and culture

Ancient history

Bashang grassland in history is a "T-shaped platform" for nomadic activities. It belonged to Shanggu County in the Qin Dynasty, and to the north of Shanggu in the Western Han Dynasty. It was a place of Xianbei people in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It was an important town to resist foreigners in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was also a summer resort for emperors of Liao, Jin, yuan and Qing Dynasties. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, the dressing house of Empress Dowager Xiao of Liao Dynasty still stands on the Bank of lightning river. A large number of historical and cultural sites with long history, such as Jingming palace of Jin Dynasty, chahannaoer palace of Yuan Dynasty, rouge horse farm of Qing Dynasty, hunting ground, zhangku ancient business road, great wall and beacon tower of Ming Dynasty, Hongcheng site of Yuan Dynasty, jiuliancheng site, still exist today. Liao Dynasty in the swallow City, at this time began to have tourism. The "cool hall" in the city is dedicated to royal hunting. In history, there are two times that can be called "the line" in the past few thousand years, one is the establishment of Zhongdu, the other is the economic climax in the middle of Qing Dynasty. First, because of political factors, Bashang grassland became a national tourist destination. Second, because of the opening of zhangku Avenue and the trade between Central Plains and Inner Mongolia, Bashang began to be "civilized and prosperous". The Qing Dynasty was a glorious and prosperous period of Bashang grassland. From 1681 to 1863, Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing held "Mulan autumn service" 105 times. Through the "Mulan autumn service", it played a role of "learning from the military and suifan" and consolidating the border defense, and Mulan paddock also went down in history with its unique position.

As Bashang is located in a fortress, with abundant water and plants in summer, it has always been a place where celebrities stop. As early as the Liao Dynasty, Emperor Shengzong, Xingzong and daozong of the Liao Dynasty visited yuanyangpo on Bashang more than ten times for summer hunting.

Bashang has a long history and profound grassland culture. 700 years ago, Genghis Khan commanded the Jin Yuan war here. In 1307, Emperor Wudong of the Yuan Dynasty: Jianxing palace was built in wangwuchadu (baichengzi), and the palace que was the central capital. The capital and palace que were built in imitation of Dadu (Beijing). Together with Dadu, Shangdu and Helin, they were called the four capital cities of the Yuan Dynasty. It became a place for the royal family to spend summer, hunt and meet foreign envoys.

Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Bashang was influenced by the grassland people, and popular in song and dance, Qiang Mu dance, wrestling, archery and horse racing. Later, because a large number of Han people moved in, the popular "Er Ren Tai" opera in Bashang became "Dong Lu" Er Ren Tai, which was performed in Bashang with bright rhythm and high pitched brightness. Donglu Errentai is popular in Shangyi, Zhangbei and Guyuan. The annual "temple fair" is a legacy of the popularity of grassland Buddhism. Because holding large-scale sacrifice is often accompanied by material exchange, especially the sale of horses, cattle and sheep, so in modern times, there is also a livestock trading conference, commonly known as "temple fair".

Modern and contemporary history

In modern history, there are more celebrities on the dam. Before and after the September 18th Incident, Feng Yuxiang and Ji Hongchang garrisoned here, while the 29th army of song Zheyuan fought with the Japanese army at that time. From Changchun to Bashang, Japan's Hideki Tojo flew to command the attack on North China. In 1934, Chiang Kai Shek was pro Japanese

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