Jinhua mountain

Jinhua mountain

Jinhua mountain, located in the central part of Zhejiang Province, is a branch of Longmen Mountain. It is located in the north of Jinhua City, so it is commonly known as Beishan, or Changshan in ancient times. Jinhua mountain stretches more than 50 kilometers from the southeast of Pujiang River to the east of Lanxi City, covering an area of more than 500 square kilometers. The highest peak, Dapan mountain, is 1314 meters above sea level. It is also the highest peak of Longmen Mountain, with a vertical drop of more than 1100 meters from the foot of the mountain.

historical origin

Jinhua mountain, commonly known as Beishan, is a branch of Longmen Mountain. In terms of scope, as a mountain range, the west of Jinhua starts from Lanxi in the south, extends to Wucheng District and Jindong District, the north and Luodian, Chisong, Caozhai, Yuandong towns in the northeast, reaches Yiwu to Pujiang in the northeast, stretches across several counties, and is as famous as Tianmu and Kuaiji in the north, Kuocang and Wuyi in the south, Tiantai and Siming in the East, Heng and Lu in the West.

The name of Changshan was first recorded in the late Han Dynasty. Its name was used until the Late Jin Dynasty and the early Southern Dynasty. Before that, there was only the name of "Changshan" in literature, but not "Jinhua mountain". "After the Han Dynasty annals of prefectures" notes: "after the Han Dynasty early Ping three years, sub (Wushang) Nanxiang for Changshan County." In the book of the Song Dynasty, Zhou and Jun Yi: "the order of Changshan was issued in the second year of the reign of emperor Xiandi of the Han Dynasty, and Wu was injured." The book of Jin: geography II: "Dongyang County There is a temple of chisongzi in Changshan. "

After the northern and Southern Dynasties, most of the historical records were named "Jinhua mountain". But when describing "Jinhua mountain", the ancient name "Changshan" is often mentioned.

"Jinhua, formerly known as Changshan," in geography of the Sui Dynasty

"The East Road in the south of the Yangtze River" in geography 3 of the old book of the Tang Dynasty: "Jinhua In the later Han Dynasty, Wushang was set up in Changshan County. Wu set up Dongyang county. In the Sui Dynasty, Changshan was changed to Jinhua, taking the name of zhoujieshan. "

"Dongyang County, Wuzhou" in the book of the new Tang Dynasty Jinhua mountain has copper.

"Jiangnan Road, covering the south of ancient Yangzhou,..." Fifty one states and 247 counties. Its famous mountains are Heng, Lu, Mao, Jiang, Tianmu, Tiantai, Kuaiji, Siming, Kuocang, Jinyun, Jinhua, Dayu and Wuyi. "

According to the annals of Jinhua Prefecture by Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, "Jinhua mountain is twenty miles north of the prefecture, a long mountain."

"Jinhua, Yi". There is Jinhua mountain in the north. There is Tongshan in the south, where copper was produced in the old days. To the south of the city is the Dongyang River, also known as Wugang, which flows through Dongyang county. "

The Qing Dynasty Yongzheng edition "Zhejiang Tongzhi" quoted "Mingshan Ji Lue" as saying: "there is Changshan in the northeast, because of its name, Sui changed to Jinhua, namely Changshan alias also."

Cultural details

Jinhua mountain is located in the middle of Zhejiang Province, with beautiful natural scenery and profound cultural accumulation. After more than 2000 years of long history, the dragon culture, tea culture, landscape culture, celebrity culture and imperial culture are all inclusive. Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism once flourished, becoming an important treasure house of ancient Wu culture and carrying the historical heritage of Wuzhou culture It is a famous cultural mountain integrating Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.

taoist culture

Jinhua cave is the 36th cave of Chinese Taoism. As early as the peak of Taoism culture in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Jinhua mountain was known as the "famous mountain in the east of the Yangtze River", which was as famous as the "Five Mountains". In particular, after Huang Chuping was honored as "Huang Daxian" in his biography of immortals written by Ge Hong, a Taoist theorist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Jinhua mountain became a famous Taoist Holy Land in the south of the Yangtze River.

Wong Tai Sin has a wide influence in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. He is honored as "God of peace", "God of wealth" and "overseas Chinese immortal" by believers at home and abroad. There are as many as 5 million believers. Even in the United States, many believers have built temples and temples for him.

There is an ancient sheep Road about 6 km long in Jinhua mountain, connecting the Chisong Palace at an altitude of 200 meters with the ancestral palace of Wong Tai Sin at an altitude of more than 600 meters. The two immortals bridge, the Jinhua Temple (lower palace of Chisong), the Wong Tai Sin palace in Lanxi, the Lingyang temple and the Chisong garden of Wong Tai Sin form the cultural landscape group of Wong Tai Sin.

The legend of Huang Chuping (Huang Daxian) was listed in the "second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list" published by the State Council in 2008.

On both Desheng rock and Zhuanlun rock, there are Hu Gong ancestral hall dedicated to "Hu Gong Da Di".

Hu Gong Da Di (963-1039) was born in Yongkang, Wuzhou, and became a Jinshi in 989. He has been an official for more than 40 years, advocating benevolent government, lenient punishment and prison, reducing taxes and eliminating malpractices. In the first year of Ming Dynasty (1032), there was a great drought in the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers, and many people died of starvation. Hu then went to the imperial court to ask for exemption of the personal income tax in Jiangnan. Later, the Emperor allowed exemption of personal income tax in Quzhou and Wuzhou. The people of the two States felt his kindness and set up temples for him, among which the Hugong temple in Fangyan of Yongkang was the most. In the 32nd year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1162), Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, used the word "Heling" as the temple forehead of Duke Hu at the request of the common people. Every year on August 13 of the lunar calendar, the day of HuZe's birthday, people hold various folk activities to worship the great emperor Hu.

There is a prince Xiao temple on the top of xiaohuangyan mountain. According to textual research, the temple of Prince Xiao began in 554 AD and has a history of more than 1450 years. During this period, it has experienced many vicissitudes and has been abandoned for several times. Only the green mountains are not old and the flowing springs are ringing. The existing Prince Xiao temple was rebuilt in 1980 with donations from the villagers of xiaohuangtang.

Xiao Tong (501-531) was born in lianglanling (now southwest of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province) of the Southern Dynasty and the eldest son of Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. In the first year of Tianjian, he was the crown prince. He was ill and died at the age of 31. His name was "Zhaoming", so he was also called "Zhaoming crown prince". Liu Xiaowei, Yu Jianwu (the father of Yu Xin) and many other scholars were called by him to compile thirty volumes of selected works of literature (sixty volumes of today's Edition), which were carefully selected from pre Qin Dynasty to Qi and Liang Dynasty. It is the earliest extant collection of poems and prose in China.

Buddhist culture

Jinhua mountain is also a famous Buddhist mountain. The thousand year old temple at the foot of Jianfeng mountain, the Sophist temple, has a history of nearly 1500 years. It was built in the seventh year of emperor Liangwu of the Southern Dynasty (526 AD). It was built by Emperor Liangwu. It was originally the Taoist Temple of master liangdailou of the Southern Dynasty. It flourished in the Tang Dynasty, rebuilt in the Song Dynasty, and continued to the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a famous historical and cultural heritage of Buddhism in Jinhua mountain. It is a Buddhist representative of the harmonious coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the history of Jinhua mountain. At the peak of incense, there were more than 1000 monks, covering an area of more than 50 mu and five temples. It was a famous temple in the south of the Yangtze River. On January 7, 2015, the sage Temple held a grand opening ceremony, and the Millennium Temple reappeared its glory.

There is also a 1500 year old great Buddhist temple. The cliff carved Sakyamuni Buddha in the temple is one of the four major stone Buddhas in ancient China. There is a Luohan hall in the temple, which is magnificent. Among them, 500 jade Arhats in Qingtian have different and vivid expressions.

Qizhen temple, built in the Daxing period of the later Tang Dynasty, has a collection of Dazangjing, which was carved in Beijing by Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. It is a translation of the scriptures from Xuanzang's "West heaven". It was one of the three only printed in China at that time. It was given to master Yinshan of Qizhen Temple because Zhao Zhigao, the Prime Minister of Lanxi, who served as the cabinet assistant twice during the Wanli period, wrote it. Qizhen temple holds a sutra drying meeting on June 6 of the lunar calendar every year.

Shengshou temple, which was built in the early Tang Dynasty, is a quiet place where famous scholars such as Song Lian and Fang Xiaodan often write books and give lectures. The relics in the temple include the stele of Shengshou temple in Yuan Dynasty, stone arhat, stone block and white milk spring. There is an old Podocarpus arvensis that came back to life after death. It has a history of more than 600 years. During the cultural revolution, the tree withered and died because of human destruction. After several cold and hot changes, in the spring of 1987, the dead Podocarpus arvensis sprouted new branches and leaves again.

The Zhengguan temple in Meijiang, formerly known as Zhishan, was built in 867, the eighth year of Xiantong, Yizong of Tang Dynasty, and renamed "Zhengguan Temple" in the second year of Zhiping, Yingzong of Song Dynasty. It is the front reading place of zhanran, the ninth ancestor of Tiantai Sect, and the Zhengguan temple is the Taoist temple built by zhanran's successor.

Confucian culture

In the history of Jinhua, it was once called "little Zou Lu", and there were many Confucian masters. Lu Zuqian in Song Dynasty, He Ji, Wang Bai, Jin Luxiang and Xu Qian in song and Yuan Dynasties, and Liu Guan and Huang Zhen in Yuan Dynasty, who were also called "four scholars"

In the Ming Dynasty, Song Lian and Zhang Mao became famous Confucianists one after another since the song and Yuan Dynasties. Lu Zuqian and the four masters of Beishan are still worshipped in the Confucian Temple of Qufu. The Jinhua school founded by Lu Zuqian has a great influence. Almost all of these sages were active in the Jinhua mountains.

Jinhua has always been a land of culture and etiquette. In history, lectures and academies have sprung up one after another. In 509, Liu Jun, a famous writer and educator, abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion under the Ziwei rock of Jinhua mountain. He wrote books and lectures, becoming a pioneer in the history of Jinhua education. His lecture place, later known as "lecture cave", is a representative of the Confucian culture in Jinhua mountain and the earliest prototype of Wuzhou Academy. However, in the true sense, it is the Lize academy founded by Lu Zuqian in the Southern Song Dynasty, which, together with Yuelu Academy, Bailudong academy and Xiangshan academy, is known as the four major academies in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jinhua academy not only promoted the development of education, but also played an important role in the prosperity of academic culture. So far, the lecture hall cave and Lutian Academy on Jinhua mountain are still well preserved.

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Chinese PinYin : Jin Hua Shan