Pan Jiakou

Pan Jiakou

Panjiakou is located in the Panjiakou Reservoir in Qianxi County, Hebei Province. There is a unique "underwater Great Wall" in the world. Built more than 500 years ago, xifengkou and Panjiakou castles were two important passes of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. They were the main roads leading from the Central Plains to the northern and northeastern borders at that time. There were 21 piers and 160 enemy towers, about 50 kilometers long.

Panjiakou underwater Great Wall

After the impoundment of Panjiakou Reservoir, a large-scale water control project built here by the state in 1975, the water level exceeded the height of the Great Wall, and xifengkou and Panjiakou castles were submerged in the water. Since then, the Great Wall, which has gone through five hundred years of vicissitudes, has become a famous "underwater Great Wall". Due to successive years of drought, the water level of Panjiakou Reservoir has dropped sharply. At the end of the 20th century, the "underwater Great Wall", which has been hidden underwater for more than 20 years, was exposed to the world. Recently, the water storage of Panjiakou Reservoir has been reduced from 1.95 billion cubic meters to more than 300 million cubic meters, and the water level of the reservoir has dropped by 42 meters. The "underwater Great Wall" has been revealed again.

panjiakou reservoir

Brief introduction of the project

Panjiakou Reservoir is located at the junction of Tangshan City and Chengde area in Hebei Province. The control area above the dam site is 33700km2, accounting for 75% of the whole basin area (the whole basin area of Luanhe River is 44600km2). The annual average runoff above the dam site is 2.45 billion cubic meters, accounting for 53% of the annual average runoff of the whole basin (the annual average runoff of the whole basin is 4.6 billion cubic meters). Luanhe River has a prominent feature that the inflow is very uneven in time distribution. The annual inflow is mainly concentrated in July, August and September, which often accounts for more than 80% of the annual inflow. In addition, the annual variation of the inflow is quite different. For example, the measured runoff at Panjiakou station in 1959 was 7.4 billion cubic meters, compared with 1 billion cubic meters in 1972, with a difference of more than seven times. Therefore, Panjiakou Reservoir is an important control project to develop Luanhe River water resources, regulate runoff and eliminate harm.

The average annual regulating water volume of Panjiakou Reservoir is 1.95 billion cubic meters, the corresponding guarantee rate is 75%, and the regulating flow is 68 cubic meters per second.

Another characteristic of Luanhe River is its large flood peak height. In 1962, the measured maximum flood peak discharge at Panjiakou station was 18800 m3 / s, while in dry season, the minimum discharge was less than 3 m3 / s. Panjiakou Reservoir plays the role of retaining flood and reducing flood peak. In the future, in case of more serious floods, such as the 1962 flood of 18800 m3 / s, it can be reduced to 10000 m3 / s, so as to reduce the downstream flood disaster and ensure the traffic safety of the downstream Jingshan (Beijing Shanhaiguan) railway bridge.

Panjiakou hydro junction project includes Panjiakou Reservoir Dam, Xiachi hydro junction, two auxiliary dams and hydropower station behind the dam. Panjiakou Reservoir is the source of the whole Luanhe diversion project. The crest elevation of the main dam is 230.50m (Dagu elevation), the normal pool level is 222.00m, the design flood level is 224.50m, the check flood level is 227.00m, the flood limit level is 216.00m, the flood control storage capacity is 970 million cubic meters, and the Xingli storage capacity is 1.95 billion cubic meters. Based on water supply, combined with water supply and power generation, taking into account flood control and aquaculture, it is a multi-year regulating reservoir with a total capacity of 2.93 billion cubic meters.

Panjiakou water control project is constructed in two phases. The first phase of the project started in October 1975 and was basically completed in 1985. It passed the national acceptance in July 1988. The main buildings of the first phase project are: one main dam, two auxiliary dams, one hydropower station behind the dam, one 150000 kW conventional unit and one 220 kV high voltage switching station. The second phase of the project started construction in the summer of 1984. The main buildings are a gate dam, two 5000 kW conventional units and three 90000 kW energy storage units.

The main dam of Panjiakou Reservoir is a concrete gravity dam with low and wide joints. It is designed according to the 1000 year return period flood and checked according to the 5000 year return period flood. The crest length of the dam is 1039m, the maximum dam height is 107.5m, and the maximum dam bottom width is 90m. The middle part of the dam is equipped with an 18 hole spillway controlled by a 15 × 15m arc steel gate. The maximum discharge capacity of the spillway is 53100 m3 / s. Four bottom outlets are controlled by 4 × 6m radial gate,

The two auxiliary dams are earth dams. The auxiliary dam in Xicheng District and the neck beam do not block water in general.

The total installed capacity of Bahou hydropower station is 420000 kW, including one 150000 kW conventional unit and three 90000 kW pumped storage units. The 220 kV high-voltage switch station is located on the right bank of Luanhe river behind the main dam. The main transformer capacity of conventional units is 180000 KVA, and that of pumped storage units is 100000 kVA. The 220 kV high-voltage switch station is imported into Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan power grids through the switch station.

Xiachi hydroproject is composed of gate dam and power station, with effective storage capacity of 10 million cubic meters. It is a daily regulating reservoir and is used in conjunction with the pumped storage units of Panjiakou hydropower station.

Flood control standard

Panjiakou Reservoir: it is designed according to 1000 year return period flood and checked according to 5000 year return period flood.

Flood Index: approved by the Ministry of water resources (1989) No.11 document, Panjiakou Reservoir is used for flood control according to the design flood standard of once in a thousand years.

Historical Application

Since the two reservoirs were put into operation in 1980, the largest flood occurred on July 1, 1994, which is equivalent to the flood with a return period of 20 years

On July 13, 1994, Luanhe River Basin suffered the second largest flood ever recorded, and the first since the operation of Panjiakou Reservoir and Daliang Reservoir. The maximum inflow peak flow of Panjiakou Reservoir was 9870 Due to the reasonable operation of Panjiakou Reservoir and dada reservoir, the pre discharge water level of Panjiakou Reservoir was reduced to 207.00 m before the flood season, which staggered the downstream peak for 8 hours. The leting small dam was saved, the villages with 120000 population and more than 200000 mu of land in the small dam were safe, the Bailongshan power station with 16 million yuan investment from the state was saved, and the loss of the downstream was reduced.

According to the "94.7" flood, it can be seen that the flood discharge standard of the lower reaches of Luanhe River is low, the obstacles are serious, the "94.7" flood, and the peak discharge of Panjiakou Reservoir is 9870 M3 / s, which is only equivalent to the flood with a return period of 20 years in design. However, since there has been no major flood in Luanhe River since 1962, the flood discharge capacity of the river has been greatly reduced, and there are many households, cultivated land, various aquaculture, water conservancy projects in the river, which has brought some difficulties to our flood dispatching work. If the "94.7" flood is discharged according to the design requirements, it will be difficult to imagine the loss along the line and the damage degree of water conservancy projects. Therefore, the problems of obstacle clearing and low flood control standard of Luanhe River should be solved in time. At the same time, we should strengthen the research work of Luanhe peak shifting to avoid the unnecessary flood pressure caused by blind peak shifting to Panjiakou, Daheiting and Taolinkou reservoirs.

Ticket Price

Now it's contracted. The tickets are 30 yuan per person. Sightseeing by boat is extra

Traffic tips

From Fengrun exit of Beijing Shenyang Expressway, go northbound to Qianxi County, then go westward to santunying Town, then northbound to saheqiao, and then go not far northeast to Xifeng Lake scenic spot of Qianxi County. After getting off from Tangshan station by train, transfer to the long-distance bus from Tangshan to Qianxi. There is a bus in Qianxi county that can go directly to Xifeng Lake scenic spot.

Pan Jiakou in history

Panjiakou was called lulongsai in ancient times. According to legend, there was a general surnamed pan stationed here in the Song Dynasty, hence the name. It is also said that song general pan Renmei was stationed here. Panjiakou new pass was built in the 41st year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1562 A.D.), but there is no research on the old pass. Luanhe River from outside the pass into the pass. The mountains on both sides of the Strait are very dangerous. There is a castle in the pass, built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Tucheng is two feet high and 219 feet long. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of troops were stationed in the area. There was once a capital department stationed here. Later, it was changed into a general manager, and then to a general manager. "Own lulongsai, smoke and dust fly so far.". From the Han, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui, Tang, Liao, Jin, Yuan Dynasties, Panjiakou has always been a military thoroughfare. After the Yuan Dynasty, due to the official road built in xifengkou, the traffic in Panjiakou was cut off and they all went to xifengkou. Since ancient times, Pan Xi and Guan wars have always been linked together, which has been a place for military strategists since ancient times. In the 12th year of Jian'an (207 A.D.) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao enlisted Wuhuan out of lulongsai. Before the 10th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (A.D. 350), Yan Murong Jun attacked the Central Plains from Panjiakou, called himself Emperor at Ji, and carved on Shiling to record his merits. In April of the second year of Taiyan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (436 AD), the Wei attacked the northern Yan and left lulongsai. In the autumn of 553 A.D., Gao Yang, Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty, led his troops to attack Qidan and passed through lulongsai to Ping'an (now Yanshou County, Jilin Province). In the third year of the emperor of the Sui Dynasty (583 AD), yinshou, the general manager of Youzhou, led tens of thousands of soldiers to attack the eastern Turks and break gaobaoning in Huanglong (now Nongan, Jilin). In 1123 ad, Xiao Gan, the capital of Liao Dynasty, entered lulongsai, conquering Jingzhou (now Zunhua), and Guo Yaoshi, the general of Song Dynasty, conquered many of them. In 1504, the Mongol tribe wuliangha invaded Panjiakou. In 1559, tens of thousands of Mongolian cavalry invaded Panjiakou and crossed the Luanhe River to the west, plundering Zunhua, Qian'an, Yutian and other places. Today, the castle has been demolished as a reservoir inundation area.

Address: saheqiao Town, Qianxi County, Tangshan City

Chinese PinYin : Pan Jia Kou