Baiyin Oboo National Nature Reserve

Baiyin Oboo National Nature Reserve is located in the northwest of Keshiketeng Banner, 75 kilometers away from Jingpeng Town, the seat of Keshiketeng Banner government, and adjacent to Gongger grassland. In April 2000, the State Council approved the establishment of a National Nature Reserve in Baiyin Oboo. The main protected object is the Picea mongolica forest ecosystem. The total area of the reserve is 13862 hectares, of which the area of Picea mongolica forest is 1947 hectares. Picea mongolica forest is a very special type of forest ecosystem in the world. It is a unique tree species formed under the comprehensive effect of long-term natural history development and modern natural conditions. It is the only Picea mongolica forest in the world, and also the breeding base of Picea mongolica mother tree in China. Therefore, it is known as "biological gene bank" and "biological living fossil". Spruce looks like a tower, with dry red leaves and green leaves. It is tall and straight, evergreen all the year round, and beautiful. It is the best tree species for garden viewing and urban greening.

Baiyin Oboo is Mongolian, which means "rich mountain". There are large OBOS on the mountain for Mongolian sacrifice. OBO sacrifice activities with strong national characteristics are held here on May 13 of the lunar calendar every year. When the dawn is light, the herdsmen from the deep grassland place their hands on meat, milk food and milk wine, turn around Oboo three times clockwise, sprinkle wine as a sacrifice, and pray for the good weather and prosperity of the grassland.

Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia

synonym

Baiyin Oboo National Nature Reserve generally refers to Baiyin Oboo National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia

Baiyin Oboo National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is located in the northwest of Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, 75 km west of Jingpeng town. It is adjacent to chagantaohai River in the northeast, Bayan Chagan Sumu in the northwest, Baiyin Oboo forest farm in the southeast, and Dalinor grassland in the West and southwest The total area of the reserve is 13862 hectares, of which the area of Picea mongolica forest is 1947 hectares. The main protection object is the world's only rare Picea mongolica forest ecosystem. In April 2000, it was promoted to a national nature reserve.

Historical evolution

Baiyin Oboo Nature Reserve was established in 1979 with the approval of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region government.

In April 1997, the Forestry Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region applied to the Ministry of forestry for the promotion of Baiyin Aobao nature reserve to the National Nature Reserve.

In November 1999, the appraisal committee of National Nature Reserve approved the relevant materials and application for the promotion of Baiyin Oboo nature reserve to National Nature Reserve.

In April 2000, the State Council approved Baiyin Oboo nature reserve to be promoted to National Nature Reserve by GBF (2000) No.30 document.

geographical environment

position

Baiyin Oboo nature reserve is located in the northwest of Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, 75 kilometers west of Jingpeng town. It is adjacent to chagantaohai River in the northeast, Bayan chagansumu in the northwest, Baiyin Oboo forest farm in the southeast, and Dalinor grassland in the West and southwest. The geographical coordinates are 43 ° 30 ′ - 43 ° 36 ′, 43 ° 30 ′ - 43 ° 36 ′, 7.5 km wide from east to west and 8.8 km long from north to south. The total area of the reserve is 13862 hectares, of which the area of Picea mongolica forest is 1947 hectares. The east boundary of the reserve is from sidaoshimen straight line to henglishantou in the south, to xiaoshuangshanzi of Biliuhe in the south, to the Bank of wudaoshimen reservoir and fire line in the north, to the fire line in the West and Biliuhe in the south.

landforms

The landform of Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia belongs to dune highland plain landform. The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with Baiyin Aobao mountain in the South as the highest point. The altitude is 1498.8 meters, and gradually decreases in the north. The terrain has little fluctuation. Most of them are continuous and irregular ridge fixed sand belt in east-west direction, and a few are semi fixed sand and sporadic crescent dunes. The average altitude is about 1300-1500 meters.

The terrain of the reserve is high in the South and low in the north, with Baiyin Aobao mountain in the South as the highest point. The altitude is 1498.8 meters, and gradually decreases in the north. The terrain has little undulation. Most of them are continuous and irregular ridge shaped fixed sand belt with east-west trend, and a few are semi fixed sand and sporadic crescent shaped sand dunes. The average altitude is about 1350 meters.

climate

The climate of Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is continental cold temperate semi-arid forest steppe climate. The annual average temperature is about - 1.4 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature greater than 5 ℃ is about 1942 ℃, and the annual precipitation is about 300-350 mm, mostly from June to August. The annual evaporation is about 1526 mm, which is 3.4 times of the precipitation. The frost free period is 78 days. The annual sunshine is about 2800 hours. The average wind speed is 3.8 meters per second, with northwest wind in winter and southwest wind in summer.

soil

The soil in Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve of Inner Mongolia is mainly sandy soil. Under the sandy spruce forest on the windward slope, there is a thin layer of humus gray forest soil developed on the aeolian sand layer. In addition, there are sandy chernozem, chestnut soil, sandy meadow soil and so on. The main characteristics of the soil in this region are thin, barren, drought and strong water permeability.

hydrology

The groundwater level in the reserve is relatively low, and the main rivers distributed in the reserve are Gongge River and Aobao river. The Aobao River in the South flows through the reserve for 9 km, while the Gongge River in the North flows into the reserve from the northeast of the reserve, which divides the protection into two parts: East and West, with a flow length of 14 km.

Regional scope

Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is planned as three functional areas: core area, buffer area and experimental area. The core area covers an area of 2780 hectares, accounting for about 20% of the total area. The core area is absolutely protected for scientific research only. Except for the necessary positioning observation points, it is not allowed to set up and engage in any facilities and activities that affect and interfere with the ecological environment, so as to ensure that Picea asperata and its ecosystem are free from human interference and can be succeeding and reproducing in the natural state. The buffer zone is 3539 hectares, accounting for about 25.5% of the total area. Its function is to relieve external pressure and prevent the impact of human activities on the core area. Organized scientific research and investigation are carried out in this area. The experimental area is 7543 hectares, accounting for about 54.5% of the total area. In order to ensure scientific experiments, scientific teaching, seedling cultivation, carry out tourism projects, make rational use of natural resources and human resources, and take economic development as the main body, the reserve will enhance its self-supporting ability and improve the working and living conditions of its staff.

Protected objects

plant resources

According to site conditions and plant composition, Picea mongolica forest in Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve can be divided into four types: moss moss grass Picea mongolica forest, grass mixed grass mixed grass Picea mongolica forest, mixed grass birch mixed forest and Picea mongolica forest along the river. When the canopy density is 0.6-0.8, the height of Picea asperata is 25-36 meters, the average height is about 12 meters, the average diameter at breast height is 22-36 cm, the average age is 80-120 years, and the maximum age is about 400 years. In addition, there are birch forest, Populus davidiana forest and elm forest. The total volume of active wood is 97339 cubic meters.

The flora of Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia belongs to pan Arctic flora, Eurasian steppe flora and eastern Mongolia flora. However, because the region is adjacent to the Great Xing'an Mountains and the northern Hebei mountains, it has a transitional nature in flora, mainly Mongolian grassland plants, such as Stipa baicalensis, Stipa grandis, Eupatorium sibiricum, linear chrysanthemum, Leymus chinensis, etc. In addition, the flora of North China is mixed, including Corylus heterophylla, Acer truncatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, etc. The flora of Xing'an includes Larix gmelinii, Sabina vulgaris, Spiraea aquilegica, Pyrola Carthami, etc. Picea mongolica is an endemic tree species in China and a flag species of grassland. The Picea mongolica forest composed of Picea mongolica is a rare one in the world, which is called "Picea mongolica biological gene bank" by academic circles. It has great scientific research value for the study of plant changes. They are called "sacred tree of sand" and "emerald of Grassland" by local herdsmen. Plant species are rich in diversity. According to incomplete statistics in 2013, there are more than 460 species of higher plants belonging to 239 genera of 68 families, of which 87.8% are monotypic families and oligotypic families, and 418 are vascular plants.

Animal resources

Baiyin'aobao National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is located in the ecotone of forest and grassland in China. The wildlife living in the edge of sandy land and grassland provides a more suitable habitat and breeding place. At the same time, it also provides a good distribution center and resting point for migratory wildlife. Therefore, the reserve has formed a more complex wildlife population with extremely rich species. As of 2013, there are more than 133 species of birds in 33 families of 16 orders in the reserve, including 9 species of birds under national first-class protection, 27 species under second-class protection and 17 species under international protection. Birds mainly include: Black Stork, swan, bustard, mandarin duck, vulture, Falcon, kestrel, goshawk, prairie eagle, white naped crane, Demoiselle Crane, etc.; mammals have more than 68 species in 17 families of 7 orders, among which carnivorous and rodent Artiodactyla are the main ones, mainly including red deer and lynx

Chinese PinYin : Bai Yin Ao Bao Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu