Huize ancient town

Huize ancient city

synonym

Huize ancient town generally refers to Huize ancient town

Huize ancient city, also known as Huize stone city, is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province and the northwest of Qujing City. It was built in the ninth year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty (1731) under the leadership of Cui naiyong, the then governor of Dongchuan. The core reserve covers an area of 0.92 square kilometers

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Huize ancient city has more than 8000 cultural relics, including 67 national cultural relics. Huize is known as the "Museum of ancient architecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 108 Guildhall and temples, 38 Guildhall and temples, and 65 characteristic dwellings. Huize Guildhall group, represented by the eight Guildhall, has been listed as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units

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Historical evolution

Huize ancient city was built in 1731, which was presided over by Cui naiyong, the then governor of Dongchuan.

In October 1732, the stone city of Dongchuan Prefecture was completed, with 370000 workers and 31425 liang of bank. The stone city is 214 Zhang in circumference, 141.6 Zhang in North and south, 1.4 Zhang in height and thickness, with eight fort, 1213 crenels, two stories in each of the four gates, and 2.7 Zhang in height.

In 1733, a 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in Dongchuan. Some of them were damaged and later repaired.

In the 24th year of Daoguang (1844), part of the city wall collapsed. The magistrate Li Desheng and the magistrate Huang mengju mobilized the officials, gentry and people to donate 16366 liang of silver to rebuild the city wall. The height of the city wall was increased by three feet to 2.1 Zhang, and the number of crenels reached 1372.

In 1880, Qin Shuxian, the acting magistrate of Guangxu County, asked to rebuild the decayed four gate tower.

In October of the first year of tongzhi (1862), Shi Dakai, the wing king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led the Western expeditionary army into Dongchuan (now Huize), and once sent a small group of troops to attack the Fucheng of Dongchuan. Because the city defense was strong, the Taiping army failed to conquer it twice, so they took the initiative to abandon Fucheng and set out for Nagu in the northwest.

On May 2, 1935, under the leadership of Luo Binghui, the commander of the Red Army, and he Changgong, the political commissar, the ninth corps of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army entered Huize during the long march. The regimental headquarters and staff officers of the Ninth Army immediately entered the city from the East Gate and boarded the bell tower in the northeast corner to command the troops. The Red Army soldiers set up a cloud ladder to attack the city from the west gate.

On April 9, 1949, the Yongkun detachment of the Yunnan People's self defense army came to Huize city. Under the cover of artillery fire, the captured TNT explosive was used to blast the north gate and enter the county.

geographical environment

Location context

Huize ancient city, located in the northeast of Yunnan Province and the northwest of Qujing City, is located in the border zone of three provinces and five prefectures (cities). It is 205 km away from Kunming City, the provincial capital, and 187 km away from Qujing City. The core reserve covers an area of 0.92 square kilometers

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Geology and geomorphology

Huize ancient city is located in the Northeast Yunnan Plateau and the main peak of Wumeng Mountain.

Climatic characteristics

Huize ancient city is a typical temperate plateau monsoon climate, four seasons are unknown, summer is not hot, winter is cold, dry and wet, plateau air is thin, radiation wave is short, sunshine time is long. The annual average sunny day is 225 days, the annual sunshine is 2100 hours, and the annual average temperature is 12.7 ℃. The temperature rises quickly in spring and cools quickly in autumn.

architectural composition

Layout of ancient city

Huize ancient city was originally a Tucheng, built by Wang Yongxi, the first magistrate. Later, it took Cui naiyong a year and a half to build it into a stone city, with a circumference of 2374.3 meters, a width of 4.6 meters and a height of 5 meters. The cross street of the old city is the center of the ancient city. Two streets, one horizontal and one vertical, meet to form a "cross". With the square wall, the whole ancient city is actually a "field" shape.

Huize ancient city is built in the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of more than 300 years. It preserves all kinds of precious cultural relics, relatively complete urban pattern and some historical blocks. The urban area extends to Yitonghe in the north, Zhongping street in the south, Cuiping street in the East and Jingyun street in the west, covering an area of about 0.95 square kilometers.

The three districts are three ancient city building sites around the central urban area: Shuicheng site in the northwest of the city, tufu site in the southwest of the city, and Tucheng site in the east of the city.

The second street is the most representative historical and cultural block in Huize ancient city, including toudao, erdaoxiang, sandaoxiang and Shizi street.

19:00 refers to 19 ancient buildings, including Sichuan guild hall, Shaanxi guild hall, Jiangxi guild hall (Longevity Palace) and Huguang guild hall.

Building community

Huize Guildhall group

According to statistics, there are more than 8000 cultural relics in Huize ancient city, including 67 national cultural relics. Huize is known as the "Museum of ancient architecture of Ming and Qing Dynasties". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 108 Guildhall and temples, 38 Guildhall and temples, and 65 characteristic dwellings. Huize Guildhall group, represented by the eight Guildhall, has been listed as the key cultural relics protection units in China.

 

During the Qianlong period, the Qing government had shifted the focus of copper mining to China. The copper mines in Huize area of Dongchuan had been greatly developed, and the number of copper factories reached 33 in the heyday.

 

Ancient city dwellings

Huize dwellings can be divided into two types: row style and courtyard style. The two kilometer long dongnei, Wai Street, xinnei, Wai Street and the long Nanbei street and Wai Street are mostly row style dwellings. Toudao lane, Erdao lane, Sandao lane and fengle Street are the concentrated places of courtyard style dwellings. The courtyard houses in the county are not only to meet the needs of the building as a "shelter", but also to reflect the satisfaction of the owner's self-worth. Therefore, they are of different types and styles, including the second courtyard, the third courtyard, the one seal, the Chongtang style, the three room and two ear style, the three square and one screen wall, the four in five patio, and the zoumachuan attic, showing a similar but not the same style characteristic.

 

There are almost all folk houses, that is, two sections of tile ditches on the roof ridge are arched with plate tiles, and the head is a high raised tube tile, which is called "cat hole" by the local people. In addition to the cat hole, there is also "cat arch wall", which is a section of arc-shaped gable on both sides of the house, similar to two bowing cats. The arc-shaped gable has uniform stress and is not easy to collapse in earthquake. The most important thing is to add fire in the next door. Cat arch wall can cut off the adjacent fire and seal the wall fire.

 

Main attractions

Cultural relics

natural landscape

Jinzhong mountain

Jinzhong mountain is located in the south of Huize County in Yunnan Province, closely connected with the county. It is named for its shape like a bell, also known as "seven famous mountains". The Wenchang Palace on Jinzhong mountain, which was built in 1727 and rebuilt in 1791, is in a triangle opposite to the Wenbi tower on Ma'anshan in the west of the park and the Kui Pavilion in huayizhai. On April 11, 2013, Jinzhongshan Provincial Forest Park in Huize County was successfully declared, becoming the first provincial forest park in Huize County and the 14th Provincial Forest Park in the province.

 

History and culture

folk culture

Huize Haiqiang

Huize sea tune has a relatively fixed tune

 

Haiqiang has a long history and has been handed down from generation to generation. The CI can be renovated and replaced in time, but the formed tune is fixed and becomes "solidified music". The tune is high and has great artistic difficulty

 

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Tanglang ancient music

Huize hall Langgu music, also known as Dongjing music. "Dongjing" is the general name of Taoist classics. Dongjing music was used in Taoist Rites and music activities. It was popular in the Central Plains during the Tang and Song Dynasties, spread around the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and gradually lost after the Qing Dynasty. After it was spread to Huize, it was welcomed by local scholars and developed into Tanglang ancient music with unique style.

 

National festivals

February 2

On February 2, in Huize and even northeast Yunnan, there is a custom of shaving long hair for children and raising the head of a dragon for adults. It is said that when men have their hair cut this day, they will look up like a dragon. They will prosper and have good luck in the future. Every February 2 of the lunar calendar, adults and children from all over Huize County will go out to Jinzhongshan temple fair, shave their hair and pray for well-being.

 

Ancient city specialty

Huize mottled copper

The production process of mottled copper is different from that of bronze ware. After casting and molding, natural crystal spots with different rules are formed on the surface, which is full of brilliance. According to the records of Yunhai yuhengzhi, "hammering furnace bottles into ice shape, and the gorgeous one is mottled copper". Mottled copper is a unique folk handicraft in Huize. It uses natural copper with more than 90% copper content as raw material, and after hand forging by craftsmen, it makes other metal elements contained in it "recrystallize" to produce mottled metal patterns. And then through some special methods of treatment, these metals are removed

Chinese PinYin : Hui Ze Gu Zhen