Taiji diagram

Taiji diagram

It is said that Taiji TU was spread by Chen Tuan, a Taoist in Song Dynasty. Chen Tuan was a Taoist from the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty. He had profound attainments in Taoism and Yi ology. According to historical records, Chen Tuan passed on the map of Taiji after tomorrow, the eight diagrams, the river map and the Luoshu to his students Zhong Fang, who passed them on to Mu Xiu, Li Ji and others respectively. Later, Mu Xiu passed on the map of Taiji to Zhou Dunyi. Zhou Dunyi explained it in his book Taiji Tu Shuo. The picture of Tai Chi we see now is the one handed down by Zhou Dunyi. Zhou Dunyi "on the one hand, absorbed Taiji schema theory and new explanation from Chen Tuan School of Taoism Yi Li, on the other hand, inherited the tradition of Yili school since Han and Tang Dynasties, and became a pioneer of Daoists in the song and Ming Dynasties."

Taiji schema theory is a great achievement of Zhuangzi's Taiji thought in Confucianism and Taoism.

origin

Taiji map is known as "the first map of China". From the beams and columns of Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple to the markers of Laozi Louguantai, Sanmao palace and baiyun temple; from Taoist robes to fortune tellers' divination stalls; from the book covers and emblem of traditional Chinese medicine, qigong, martial arts and Chinese culture to the national flag of South Korea, aircraft emblem of Singapore air force, and family emblem of Bohr medal And so on, all the Taiji pictures are on top of it. This kind of well-known Tai Chi diagram is shaped like Yin and yang fish intertwined, so it is called "Yin and yang fish Tai Chi diagram".

content

The human body is a small universe and also a small Tai Chi. If we draw the meridian of Tai Chi, we can see five points of intersection, which are essence, Qi, spirit, emptiness and Tao from bottom to top. The practice process of point-to-point middle application to Wuji diagram is "Refining Essence and transforming Qi", "refining Qi and transforming spirit", "refining spirit and restoring emptiness", "refining emptiness and combining Tao" and finally "returning to Wuji" (see Figure 10). There are two explanations for yin yang fish in the picture of congenital Tai Chi: one is black fish, which is not cultivated Kun body; the other is white fish, which is cultivated dry body. Secondly, the lower part is the black fish, which looks like a white spot in the black, which is the essence of heaven and water; the upper part is the white fish, which looks like a black digram in the white. The Qi of yin and Yang in the body is continuously refined, and the five Qi are in the Yuan Dynasty. The five Qi are filled in and out of the body until the holy fetus is out of the body and the void is smashed. It is transformed into the invisible, the deaf, the helpless, the shapeless and the limitless.

Zhuangzi neipian xiaoyaoyou: "there are fish in Beiming, whose name is Kun. I don't know how big Kun is. It turns into a bird, and its name is Peng. Peng's back, I do not know its thousands of miles; anger and fly, its wings like clouds hanging in the sky. The sea transportation will move to Nanming. Nanming, Tianchi. " ① It can also explain the process and realm of cultivation. Five points are marked on the meridian line of Taiji from bottom to top: fan, Ji, Zhen, Dao and Sheng (see Figure 1). In "fan", it is necessary for the true teacher to give the pithy formula ("skills") of cultivating the truth, so as to step into the road of returning to the "truth", conforming to the "Tao" and becoming the "Saint". Taiji's Yin and yang fish can explain the "transformation" of xiaoyaoyou. The North belongs to water, and the black fish is like Beiming. Among them is fish, named Kun. The white fish is like Nanming. Kun turns into Peng, and Peng rises to Nanming. In Chinese and foreign myths, birds are regarded as a symbol of spiritual detachment. Therefore, the process of Kun turning into Peng is also the process of Inner Alchemy cultivation of "refining Qi", "refining Qi and transforming spirit" and "refining spirit and returning emptiness" as shown in the promise map.

Since taijitu has been popular for so long and so widely, its origin and evolution have naturally become the focus of people's interest. Before investigating its origin and development, we should make clear the relationship between the name of "Taiji diagram" and the figure. There are two situations: one is the same name, but it refers to different figures. Besides the yin yang fish figure, there are also five layers of figures called "Zhou Dunyi Taiji Figure", hollow circle figure and black-and-white semicircle figure (in fact, the latter figures are called "Taiji Figure" much earlier than the former); the other is the same figure, but they have different names For example, "Taiji map" of yin and yang fish was called "Xiantian map", "River map", "Xiantian natural river map", "Xiantian natural map", "ancient Taiji map" in the early stage; five level "Taiji map" was also called "Wuji map", "Taiji Shun Ni map", "Taiji Shun Sheng map", "Dan Dao Ni Sheng map" (of course, the two types of Taiji map have some differences). In this paper, the Taiji diagram of yin yang fish (hereinafter referred to as "Taiji diagram") is only investigated. The textual research on the five level Taiji diagram will be written separately.

Nowadays, many people think that Taiji diagram originated from primitive times, or the only Keepsake left over from the last or even two or three times of civilization destruction before this human civilization. What is the origin of Taiji? Mr. Chen Lifu thinks: "the ancient Taiji pictures unearthed in mainland China are three or four thousand years earlier than the book of changes and qianzaodu. For example, the ancient Tai Chi painting of Shuanglong (collected in Sweden's Far East Museum) on a painted pottery pot with two ears unearthed from taijijing, yongmoyun, Shaanxi Province, was painted with a brush center, 4000 years earlier than Confucius. Many bronzes of the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty have been unearthed, which also bear a picture of Tai Chi in which male and female dragons intertwine with each other. " (some questions about Taiji pictures) Mr. Chen directly called the pictures of two dragons intertwined with each other "Taiji pictures of two dragons". In fact, the picture of twining two dragons is the picture of Fuxi and Nuwa, the ancestor of China; in addition, some people think that the picture of Taiji originated from the picture of "Fu Xi and Nuwa"“ ”Recently, some people have claimed that it is a symbol (it is engraved on Neolithic pottery unearthed from Minhe County, Ledu Liuwan, Qinghai, shipengshan, Wengniute Banner, Liaoning, and Shixia, Qujiang, Guangdong), Pisces pattern (painted pottery basin with fish pattern on human face unearthed from Banpo site, Xi'an, Shaanxi), and Shuangfeng pattern (it is engraved on Neolithic bone carvings and pottery paintings, and in Hemudu Culture) The polar chart is derived from the "vortex" formed by the confluence of the Yellow River and Luoshu in Fuxi, Luoyou, Henan Province (see the 8th edition of Zhengzhou daily, March 8, 1993).

Are these figures the source of Taiji? If we only use this kind of figure pattern, we can't deduce Taiji directly. For example, in ancient Babylon, there was a pattern of two snakes winding each other. In ancient Greece, ancient India, Caucasus, Asia Minor and other places, there was a "pattern" on the relics (silver ornaments, copper pots, vases, etc.), but these nationalities did not have a Tai Chi picture. As for the theory of "whirlpool", it is absurd. Whirlpool is everywhere. If we can see the Taiji diagram from it, isn't it all over the world?

However, from the hidden ideas of these figures, it can not be said that they have nothing to do with Taiji diagram. These figures are formed by the intersection of two pairs, or two dragons, two snakes, or two fish, two phoenixes. Even "" is also formed by the intersection of two identical symbols, which is the product of reproduction worship in primitive society. Shuangshuang pattern, or male and female (Fuxi, Nuwa), or male and female (Pisces, snakes, dragons, birds); the two intersect, reflecting the primitive people's intuitive understanding of men and women, male and female intersection. From the human body phenomena, biological phenomena and natural phenomena such as genitalia, men and women, male and female, sun and moon, we gradually realized the concept of "Yin and Yang", as well as the ideological concepts of yin and Yang in the same body, yin and Yang relative and intersecting (treatment and unity), yin and Yang interaction, yin and Yang mutual transformation and so on. This kind of thought determines that Chinese traditional culture is Yin and Yang culture in a sense. The yin-yang diagrams and yin-yang hexagrams in the book of changes are the symbols of Yin-Yang thought (line symbols). The black-and-white and the head and tail combination of Taiji diagram are the best diagrams (Graphic symbols) of Yin-Yang treatment of unity, growth and decline, and mutual root interaction.

It can be seen that these patterns in the primitive times are only the ideological origin of Taiji diagram, from which it is impossible to directly evolve into Taiji diagram. What is the origin of Taiji diagram? When and who made the earliest Taiji diagram? Let's take a look at the previous discussion.

In the works of the Song Dynasty, it is basically believed that the "congenital map" (which should include "yin yang fish map" or "yin yang fish map") was handed down from Chen Tuan in the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty. The most famous one is Zhu Zhen's exposition: "Chen Tuan propagates and releases with his congenital map, releases and spreads to Mu Xiu, Mu Xiu spreads to Li Zhicai, and his talent spreads to Shao Yong." (Biography of changes in the Han Dynasty

In fact, Chao Shuozhi, who was earlier than Zhu Zhen, has described the spread of the congenital map: "Mr. Xi Yi of song Huashan, Chen tuantunan, taught Zhongnan Zhengjun to release Mingyi in the book of changes. Mingyi was given to Wenyang Mu's uncle in the army, and Su shunqinzimei also learned from him. Bo Chang granted Qingzhou Li Zhicai support and support to Mr. Shao Kangjie of Henan yongyaofu. " (Song Shan Ji, Volume 18, Wang shuangsong Tang Ji)

Let's take another look at what Shao Yong's contemporaries said. Brothers Er Cheng, who have lived in the same lane with Shao Yong for more than 30 years, said: "Mr. Du's learning is well known. Mr. Li Tingzhi and Mr. mu BoChang are responsible for his success. There is a long way to go in terms of its origin. " (the epitaph of Mr. Shao Yaofu by Cheng Hao) Cheng's family is only promoted to Mu Xiu, and Mu Xiu's above sentence is "far from duanxu"

Chinese PinYin : Tai Ji Tu