Guifeng mountain

Guifeng

synonym

Guifeng mountain (Guifeng mountain, Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province) generally refers to Guifeng (Guifeng mountain, Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province)

statement

This entry introduces the Guifeng mountain itself. For information about Guifeng scenic area, please refer to the entry "Guifeng scenic area".

Guifeng, also known as Guifeng, is a part of the World Geopark Longhushan Guifeng Geopark and the world natural heritage "China Danxia"

. Located on the South Bank of Xinjiang River in the south of Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province, it is 60km away from Shangrao in the East and 35km away from Yingtan in the West. It is located between Sanqing mountain, Longhu Mountain and Wuyi Mountain. Because of its "no mountain, no turtle, no stone, no turtle", and the whole mountain is like a giant turtle without friends.

Guifeng was developed in the late Cretaceous period 135 million years ago, which is a typical representative of the rain erosion type old Danxia peak forest landform. The landform is characterized by peak forest, steep cliff, square mountain, stone wall, stone pillar and stone peak. The longitudinal linear groove of rainfall erosion type is developed on both sides of the cliff, and the karst is weak. The micro landform landscape and its landscape combination are characterized by rare Danxia shaped stone peak and stone pillar, which preserve the remains of Danxia Landform in the prime of life

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There are 36 peaks in Guifeng, which is a combination of "strange, dangerous, smart and ingenious". It is known as "rare in the world on the river" and "natural bonsai". After visiting Guifeng, Xu Xiake, a geographer of Ming Dynasty, sighed that "it's strange to cover Guifeng mountains, which is not found in Yandang"

. It is characterized by the development of Danxia cave group. There are 28 Grottoes in total. For example, Nanyan grottoes, the first Buddha cave in China, Shuangyan, an ancient Zen temple, and Longmen, a flying Yuji, were built in the Jin Dynasty

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Evolutionary history

Since the Late Triassic, about 200 million years ago, due to the collision and docking between the Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate, along the line of eastern Russia and South China, Guifeng has formed a large-scale and thousands of kilometers long active belt of the Western Pacific continental margin, from the late Jurassic about 150 million years ago to 96 million years ago In the early Cretaceous, the massive volcanic eruption and magmatic intrusion were triggered by the interaction of plates again, which formed the magmatic belt in the southeast China continent.

In the late Cretaceous, 96 million years ago, the mode of plate movement was changed, and the crust was tensioned and cracked. At this time, the climate was very hot and dry, and there were many mountains around the basin. During the rainy season, the torrent carried a lot of sand and gravel and poured down, forming a red rock layer dominated by massive glutenite. This accumulation process has a history of about 30 million years. Since 65 million years ago, that is, in the era of dinosaur extinction, the earth's crust has risen to land, and the Xinjiang basin has also dropped as a whole The vertical uplift of the platform is accompanied by large-scale faults and vertical joints. Water flows along these faults and joints, and begins to wash and erode, dividing the previously accumulated rock. Fangshan Shizhai, fengcongfenglin and Gufeng Shizhu have been formed, forming a natural landscape of Guifeng and Danxia

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geological structure

The outcropping strata of Guifeng mainly include ehuling formation of Wuyishan group of Upper Jurassic, Shixi formation of huobashan group of Lower Cretaceous, Zhoutian formation of Ganzhou group of Upper Cretaceous and Guifeng group.

Guifeng group is divided into Hekou formation, Tangbian formation and Lianhe formation from bottom to top, of which Hekou formation and Tangbian formation are mainly exposed. Hekou formation of Guifeng group is dominated by purplish red and brick red conglomerate and glutenite, intercalated with gravelly sandstone and medium fine-grained sandstone, locally intercalated with siltstone mass, unconformity contact with Shixi formation below and conformity contact with Tangbian formation above, thickness 2074m; Tangbian formation is dominated by brick red fine sandstone, intercalated with a little siltstone, fine sandstone, medium coarse-grained sandstone and calcium bearing fine sandstone, and conformity contact with Lianhe formation above The thickness is 240.2m. Guifeng group is the main horizon of Danxia Landform in the park

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The red beds in Guifeng area are generally monoclinic strata with a dip angle of 20 ° to 28 ° to the south. There are two groups of nearly vertical faults in the strata. One group is consistent with the strike of the strata, and the other group is consistent with the dip, forming a grid fault system. The strata of guifenghekou formation are cut into square rock blocks of different sizes. Under the long-term differential weathering of surface water, dissolution and collapse occur After collapse, the remaining rock mass is combined into turtle shaped rocks of different shapes and scales. In addition, there is also a turtle shaped crack of square inch size developed on the rock surface or side, which may be caused by the cracks on the exposed water surface during the deposition process, or the shrinkage caused by diagenetic dehydration, and the cracks caused by the temperature difference during the later crustal rise and denudation process. These effects produce some hexagonal cracks of several to tens of centimeters in size, which cover the rock surface noodles

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topographic features

Geomorphological features

Guifeng is located in the South Bank of Yijiang River in the middle section of Xinjiang River, with Danxia landform such as peak forest, peak cluster, stone pillar, isolated peak, remnant stone, remnant hill, stone beam, stone wall, through hole, Tianshengqiao, wide valley and quasi flat lake. According to the spatial distribution and landscape combination, it can be divided into the South and the north. The Danxia landform developed in the two parts has its own characteristics.

The southern part is located 10km south of Yiyang County, which is mainly characterized by peak forest, peak cluster, stone pillar, isolated peak, residual stone, residual hill, stone beam, stone wall, honeycomb cave, Tianshengqiao and other landscape.

The north is located in the South Bank of Xinjiang River in Yiyang County, where Danxia caves are well developed. The main landscape types of Danxia landform are Fenglin, Shifeng, Shizhai, Shizhu, Shiliang, Chuandong, Tianshengqiao, etc., which belong to the typical early development stage of Danxia landform.

The most unique landscape of Guifeng is "no mountain, no turtle, no stone, no turtle". There are three turtles, couple turtles, welcome turtles, head raising turtles, head extending turtles, head shrinking turtles, mother and son turtles, sea exploring turtles, golden turtles, green turtles, old turtles, young turtles, drunk turtles, lying turtles, human standing turtles, wise turtles, etc. There are many types of Danxia landscape in Guifeng, such as Laojun peak, Xiannv rock, Xianshui rock, Xiangbi mountain and Jinqiang peak

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Geomorphic types

Shifeng

There are many stone peaks in Guifeng, which are characterized by steep surroundings, sharp and round top and large base. Under the control of several groups of joints, the water erodes along the joint surface or fissure for a long time, supplemented by gravity collapse.

Stone cliff

The rock cliff is a cliff with a dip angle of nearly 90 degrees. Guifeng cliff is widely distributed, almost mountain cliff, various types.

Stone

Danxia peak with columnar, rod-shaped or pagoda shaped pillars is much higher than the diameter of its cross section, surrounded by Danya. Although the number of stone pillars in Guifeng is small, it has high ornamental value and artistic value.

Stone wall, stone beam

Stone wall and stone beam are long strip and linear landform. The top of the mountain is narrow and small, and all sides are limited by steep Dan cliff. When the rock wall is steep and flat, it is called stone wall, and when the mountain is roof beam, it is called stone beam.

cave

There are two kinds of Danxia caves in Guifeng Park: one is honeycomb cave, the other is flat cave. Most of the honeycombed caves are developed on the cliffs, and the caves on the cliffs of zhanqifeng and chaomaofeng are the most prominent. There are many flat caves, most of which are wide outside and narrow inside. The walls of the caves are smooth, and most of them appear in the concave surface of the mountain wall.

One sided mountain

Along the strike of the strata, the two slopes are asymmetric, the slope along the strata is long and gentle, and the slope opposite to the strata or nearly perpendicular to the bedding plane is steep and short. There are many one-sided mountains in Guifeng, such as zhanqifeng and haohanpo. National AAAAA scenic spot.

 

ZhangGu

It is a valley with steep slope and much deeper depth than width. Generally, the valley is far-reaching and wider than the valley, the valley walls (Cliffs) on both sides are vertical or inclined, and the valley bottom is flat or undulating. According to its shape, it can be divided into "V" shape and "U" shape. When the barrier Valley cuts through the mountain, it is called yixiantian, and when it has not cut through, it is called Xianggu.

craquelure

The structure developed along the bedding plane is composed of nearly regular polygons (mainly regular hexagon, occasionally regular quadrilateral and regular pentagonal), forming a turtle like structure, which reflects the relatively hot and dry paleoclimatic conditions. This kind of rock is mainly developed in Hekou formation with relatively uniform sandstone. According to Mr. Huang Jin's investigation, this kind of Danxia landform is rare in China. However, in Guifeng, there are many well-developed rocks with obvious characteristics.

Molding stone

With its unique shape, it is a special Danxia landform type that has won the favor of the world. It can be stone peak, stone pillar, or any combination of other landform types. Such as laorenfeng, weirenfeng and sandiaogui

 

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Main peaks

Triple turtle peak, 77 meters above sea level. There are three stones at the top of the peak, one of which is stacked on the other. It is shaped like a turtle, with head and feet, and three feet crouching. Three turtles look up at the sky. Thirty three years of Wanli in Ming Dynasty（

Chinese PinYin : Gui Feng Shan