Shen family house

Shen family house

Shenjiadawu, located in longfu Town, Liuyang City, has been included in the cultural relics protection category of Changsha City by the municipal cultural relics protection department. Shenjiadawu, discovered by provincial and municipal cultural relic experts, is an animated scroll engraved with the rise and fall of China for a hundred years. It is a precious specimen of Jiangnan dwellings in the late Qing Dynasty left behind by the ancient city of Changsha after the war. On September 10, together with four other villages, it was recommended by Hunan Province to be selected as a traditional village.

Introduction to big house

Shen family house is located in the northeast corner of Xinkai village, longfu town. It is 750 meters away from Yongshe provincial road in the West and 223 meters away from Laodao River; it is 3000 meters away from 106 National Road in the north and adjacent to xin'an'ao in Chuntian village. Shen Tuanjiu, the owner of Wufu hall in Bin'an house of Shen family in Xinkai village, was built in 1865. During the reign of Guangxu, his six sons continued to build Sanshou hall, Shizhu hall, Derun hall, Junzhu hall and Chongji hall. The existing building covers an area of 7153 square meters, and the building use area is 13551 square meters; 17 halls, more than 30 roadways and long and short corridors form a huge building group of more than 20 houses and more than 200 rooms.

Covering an area of more than 10000 square meters, the Shen family's big house is facing the sky, without the resplendence of the big house. 17 hall houses, more than 30 long corridors and short corridors connect more than 20 buildings and more than 200 houses. Walking into the Shen family's big house is like walking into a labyrinth, with overlapping houses, looping lanes and scattered courtyards.

After systematic investigation, experts determined its value in architecture and modern historical relics. Covering an area of more than 10000 square meters, Shen family house has 17 halls, more than 30 long corridors and short corridors, connecting more than 20 buildings and more than 200 houses. According to the Shen family genealogy, the first owner of Dawu was Shen Tuan Jiu in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.

Architectural features

Tall and spacious

The main hall is 2.7 feet (9 meters) high, and other houses are more than 2.5 feet, which is a rare height in the existing ancient houses (including many former residences of celebrities). The main hall, horizontal hall, cross hall, laneway and promenade in the house occupy a large proportion of the area, and the public space is large, which gives people a sense of emptiness and comfort. It is suitable for performing, gathering and other public activities, and better to hold "red and white wedding". It is said that there was once a banquet for 300 guests in the house. In the past, when he was in the army, the officer said, "it's enough to stay in a regiment.".

Symmetry

The patio, cross hall, lattice door, hall, horizontal hall on both sides of the main hall, as well as the bucket arches and rooms on both sides of the hall and house are all symmetrical one by one, and are carved with bat, bergamot and other national traditional patterns, giving people a symmetrical aesthetic feeling.

Integrity

In the past, in order to prevent theft, the whole house could be completely closed through the gate barriers such as slot gate, gate, Lane gate and back door. Unless there was an insider, it was very difficult for the general staff to succeed here. From the drainage effect, it can be seen that the whole roof is composed of patio, fish pond, four-way eight sewer, stone ditch and pond. In addition to the drainage failure caused by the blockage of some plastic products in the sewer during the catastrophic flood in 1998, the phenomenon of poor drainage rarely occurred in more than 100 years.

artistry

(1) Suzhou garden style

According to the terrain, the extended part of the house yard mainly extends northward. The deep and tortuous roadway makes several houses connect with each other, and each of them is a building unit. Through the barrier of the screen wall and the low room, it is not difficult to imagine the strange Suzhou garden with "hidden willows and bright flowers" and "another cave" in the courtyard of Huihuan. It's no wonder that many people from far and near said, "the big house of faba temple only knows how to enter, but not how to go out.".

(2) Exquisite carving

All the halls and rooms in the big house used to be decorated with lattice doors and windows. Although most of them have been destroyed, it can still be seen from the surviving places that the carving process is exquisite and the shape is beautiful. Some of them have heavenly gods on the top, flowers, plants, insects and fish on the bottom, and there are all kinds of figures in them, such as the fighting image of Zhao Yun and Zhang Fei jumping horse and horizontal knife. Some lattices are also inlaid with colored glass. Various folk legends, such as "getting rich every year", "Qilin sending his son", "auspicious and Ruyi", "Guangfu chonglai", "Longfeng Chengxiang", "Heqi Zhixiang" and so on, decorate the carved doors and windows in boudoir's house. According to rostan, the house here is the same as the boudoir described in ancient literature.

(3) The unique wall relief mural

In the old house, there were four courtyards built with screen walls. There are colorful reliefs and murals on the wall: natural scenery such as villages, pedestrians, shepherds and schools; traditional dramas such as "Dingjun mountain", "Yellow Crane Tower" and "Thirteen blessings"; poems and paintings such as "Panasonic asks the boy" and "fishing for the snow on the cold river". Although "breaking the four old" was seriously damaged, and one of the most artistic value was demolished, people can still appreciate the artistic beauty of screen wall relief in the late Qing Dynasty, which was complicated, careful, delicate and rich in levels

Structural layout

The main hall of Shen's big house is 9 meters high, and other houses are more than 8 meters high, which is a rare height in the existing ancient houses. The main hall, horizontal hall, cross hall, laneway, corridor and so on account for a large proportion of the area in the house, and the public space is large, giving people a sense of open and comfortable.

The patio, cross hall, lattice door, hall, horizontal hall on both sides of the main hall, as well as the bucket arches and rooms on both sides of the hall are all symmetrical one by one; the houses are built according to the terrain, and the deep and tortuous roadway makes several courtyards connected with each other and each building unit. Through the screen wall, low room barrier, people in the deep courtyard of Huihuan have the feeling of "hidden willows and bright flowers", unique cave. From the surviving grating doors and windows decoration and four walls and other buildings, we can see the carving technology at that time, and appreciate the folk painting art of Jiangnan in the late Qing Dynasty. The structure, pattern and craft of these sculptures and paintings have been integrated into many western artistic styles. The whole building complex of Shen's big house is a complete drainage system composed of patio, fish pond, gutter in all directions and stone pond around the house. It is still intact, and there is rarely poor drainage.

Yongqing hall is the main building of the big house. According to the memories of the old people in the big house, many plaques were originally hung in the hall of Yongqing hall, including "TONGDI Anrong" written by Tan Jixun, the governor of Hubei Province, and "the glory of family and country" written by Zou Jiannong and Ren guizheng, the academicians of the Hanlin Academy. However, due to the lack of cultural relic protection consciousness of the local villagers, these more precious Gaozhou, Gaoban (Fengzheng doctor) and the ink tablet made by famous artists were damaged or lost, and no longer exist.

historical significance

Shen's big house is of great historical significance in the history of modern Chinese revolution. According to records, after the August 7th meeting, Mao Zedong returned to Hunan according to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and organized and led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi. On August 18, 1927, the first meeting of the restructured Hunan provincial Party committee was held in shenjiadawu, a suburb of Changsha. The meeting discussed the plan for the Autumn Harvest Uprising and established the former enemy Committee, the leading organ of the Autumn Harvest Uprising. At the beginning of September, Mao Zedong held a military meeting in Zhangjiawan, Anyuan, to discuss the specific deployment of the Autumn Harvest Uprising. The former guard regiment of Wuchang national government, the agricultural army in Pingjiang and Liuyang, and the workers' armed forces in Anyuan were combined into the first division of the first army of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army. Lu Deming served as commander in chief and Mao Zedong as secretary of the former enemy Committee. It has jurisdiction over the first, second and third regiments. Before the uprising, a part of the former Qian army was incorporated into the fourth regiment. On September 9, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, a milestone in the history of modern Chinese revolution, broke out.

The architectural layout, structure, cloister, screen wall, sculpture and mural of Shen's big house are a typical sample of Jiangnan dwellings in the late Qing Dynasty.

Cultural relics protection

In 2002, at the CPPCC meeting in Changsha, eight CPPCC members put forward the proposal on the protection of Shengjia house of Yuanyuan temple, which is a 140 year old house with civil structure. They called on the relevant departments to list the Shenjia house of Yuanyuan temple as a cultural relic protection unit as soon as possible for protection and development.

Address: Xinkai village on the Bank of Laodao River, longfu Town, Liuyang

Longitude: 113.294134

Latitude: 27.909365

Chinese PinYin : Shen Jia Da Wu