Memorial Hall of National Southwest United University Mengzi branch

Memorial Hall of National Southwest United University Mengzi branch

After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, many Chinese elites were unwilling to be enslaved. In order to preserve China's cultural and educational strength, Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai jointly formed the national Changsha temporary University. Then Beijing and Shanghai fell, and the war threatened Changsha. After only four months, Changsha Lin University was forced to move to Kunming and renamed National Southwest United University. In nine years, southwest United University has cultivated a large number of famous masters in China and even the world, creating a miracle in the history of Chinese Education.

In 1938, the National Southwest United University set up the Mengzi branch of southwest United University in Mengzi. Teachers and students of the school of Arts and the school of law and business once ran schools here. A large number of famous scholars, such as Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo and Feng Youlan, came to Mengzi and left indelible memories by the South Lake of Mengzi. When you enter Mengzi, you can still trace the historical memory of Mengzi branch of Southwest Associated University through a number of old sites and ancient buildings, including Mengzi customs, Gloucester, Zhoujia house, bisezhai railway station, etc. The memorial hall of Southwest Associated University Mengzi branch was built in 2011 in the former site of Southwest Associated University Mengzi branch, Gelusi foreign company. The exhibition contents of the memorial hall are divided into four parts, namely, the history, the talent and the spirit of Southwest Associated University Mengzi branch, with a total of eight Exhibition halls, which comprehensively and detailedly introduces the school running process of Southwest Associated University Mengzi branch.

Setting up the background

In July 1937, the Anti Japanese war broke out in an all-round way, the vast areas of North China were occupied one after another, and Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University were forced to move south. In October of the same year, the three universities merged to form "national Changsha temporary University". As the situation continued to deteriorate, in April 1938, the "national Changsha temporary University" moved to Kunming and was renamed "National Southwest United University". After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the southwest United University was dissolved in 1946, and the three schools were moved back to Beijing and Tianjin respectively. Under extremely difficult conditions, Southwest Associated University has become a world-famous first-class university with its outstanding contributions in order to preserve the lifeline of education and culture, and has created a miracle in the history of higher education at home and abroad. It has cultivated many talents, such as: Nobel Prize winners Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao; eight Chinese "two bombs and one star" Heroes Deng Jiaxian, Zhu Guangya, Wang Xiji, Zhao Jiuzhang, Guo yonghuai, Chen Fangyun, Tu shoue and Yang Jiayi; four national top science and Technology Prize winners Huang Kun, Liu Dongsheng, ye Duzheng and Wu Zhengyi, and 173 teachers and students have been selected as academicians of the two academies; some have become party members state leaders.

Southwest Associated University has 26 departments, two specialized subjects and one elective class, including the College of Arts, the College of law and business, the College of science, the College of technology and the normal college.

Establishment of Mengzi branch

After the United University arrived in Kunming, due to the shortage of school buildings, and Mengzi has Yunnan Vietnam Railway connecting Kunming, convenient transportation, and vacant houses, the school decided to move some teachers and students to Mengzi to set up a branch school.

In April 1938, the teachers and students of the two academies of literature, law and business successively arrived in Mengzi by two routes: one was going south of Changsha, passing Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Haiphong of Vietnam, arriving in Mengzi by train via Yunnan Vietnam Railway; the other was walking into Yunnan from Hunan and Guizhou, and then from Kunming along Yunnan Vietnam Railway to Mengzi.

As soon as the news that the Southwest Associated University is going to open a branch school in Mengzi is spread, the whole city of Mengzi is boiling up. Both government officials and ordinary people welcome the teachers and students of the University. At that time, the county magistrate of Mengzi led the squires to settle these exiled teachers and students in the beautiful South Lake and live in the best houses. At that time, the vacant compound of the former site of Mengzi customs and taxation department was used as the classroom and office of the branch school. Single teachers and students live in a western style building near the lake bank, which was rarely seen in Mengzi. Teachers and girls with family members live in the city north of the South Lake. At that time, there were such masters and scholars as Chen Daisun, Zheng Tianting, Chen Yinke, Wen Yiduo, Zhu Ziqing, Feng Youlan, Qian Mu, Wu Mi, ye Gongchao, Tang Yongtong, Yan Busun, Ma Johan who lived in these buildings temporarily.

significance

① . bring new ideas

Mengzi, a small border town that has been closed for a long time, has aroused curiosity and discussion with the arrival of students from the United University. Especially those occasionally wearing cheongsam and flesh colored silk stockings of the United University girls walking alone on the bluestone Road, always attracted many curious eyes. They want to know what kind of cloth these educated women from big cities use and what kind of style they sew. After all, this is far from their previous life.

However, the change brought by the teachers and students is far from that.

As the rear area of the Anti Japanese war in southern Yunnan, in addition to the absence of the Japanese air raid, Mengzi's learning environment seems to be worse than Changsha's, with only 17 seats in the library. For hundreds of teachers and students of the school of literature of the United University, this is almost equivalent to none. However, the students of the school of literature of the United University and the school of law and business took the initiative to spread modern civilization, We are determined to spread the Anti Japanese enthusiasm to the hard-working masses who are not yet literate.

They set up night schools in Mengzi city to attract adults to study. They not only studied culture, but also publicized Anti Japanese and taught patriotic songs. At the same time, it plays an important role in opening up people's wisdom and spreading progressive ideas.

Zhu Ziqing wrote in Mengzi Zaji: they helped Peking University students to set up an evening school for the masses. Registration was very enthusiastic, but only 200 people were accepted because of the relationship between teachers and seats. The evening school has been running for two or three months, and the results are quite impressive.

② Integrate into the local society and spread the Anti Japanese war thought

The weeping willows are dancing and rippling. June 1938 was the time for all things to grow. Along the South Lake came Wen Yiduo, Zhu Ziqing, Tang Yongtong, Chen Yinke and other masters and scholars.

Mr. Wen Yiduo's dormitory is just beside the South Lake. Every day, he goes through the lake and goes to the customs to have a class. Lotus, willow and Eucalyptus are stacked in layers. "Sir, which do you like better, Cuihu Lake in Kunming than Nanhu Lake in Mengzi?" On the way for a walk, the student asked him. Mr. Wang thought a little and said that Nanhu in Mengzi is more like a simple peasant girl. I like Nanhu better.

After the beginning of school, some girls from Southwest Associated University went to read books under willows and beside ponds by the South Lake, gradually becoming a scenery. Soon, middle school students and even primary school students followed suit. For a time, a strong cultural atmosphere gathered around the South Lake.

At that time, wars were raging, and everyone was responsible for the survival of the country. Combined with the Anti Japanese war in southern Yunnan, the teachers and students of the United University carried out a large number of social surveys to understand the living conditions of local farmers and miners, investigate the local culture, and collect folk songs and ballads. And the propaganda of the Anti Japanese war thought has never been lost. The Anti Japanese war songs such as "marching on the broadsword" and "on the Songhua River" are widely sung in the local area. According to the local old people, during the spring festival that year, all the Spring Festival couplets pasted by every household became Anti Japanese couplets.

A few months later, the Kunming school building was completed, and the Mengzi branch of the United University finished its semester teaching. In August and September, it returned to Kunming in batches. In May 1946, Peking University, Qinghua University and Nankai University moved back to their original sites respectively. The normal university remained in Yunnan and set up an independent college, which was renamed Kunming Normal University and later Yunnan Normal University.

From 1943 to 1944, when Chiang Kai Shek put forward the slogan of "100000 young people and 100000 troops" in the war to cooperate with the Indian Burmese battlefield, that is, during the counter offensive period in western Yunnan, eight students of Tsinghua class 10 (1938) of the United University joined the Army Transportation Logistics School in Nanjing when they went down to Linda to report for duty, which was the first time for the students of the United University to join the army. Most of them were assigned to the army 200 division, a famous mechanized unit of the national army. Since the founding of the United Nations University, a total of 8000 students have studied. More than 1100 people have joined the Anti Japanese army. Of every 100 people, 14 have joined the army. Among them, more than 300 have joined the air force alone. In particular, it has cultivated a large number of famous scientists at home and abroad, such as Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Yan Zhida, ye Duzheng, etc., which has had an important impact on the development of science and culture in China and even the world.

In a short period of 180 days, for Mengzi, the influence of Southwest Associated University is very precious, leaving many people unforgettable memories. Although Lianda left, influenced by new ideas, Mengzi girls can go out wearing student skirts and no longer have to take umbrellas. They can also go to middle school. A few aspiring young people also began to try to leave Mengzi and apply for universities like Southwest United University. Zongpu, the daughter of Mr. Feng Youlan, wrote in Menghui Mengzi: "it's like a calm and gentle flowing water in a torrent. When you think about it, you always feel that this small town is kind and poetic.".

On August 16, the reporter came to the memorial hall of Mengzi branch of Southwest Associated University built on the original site. Under the big banyan tree, several old people painted their eyebrows and lips, carefully preparing for the upcoming performance of the 70th anniversary of the Anti Japanese war.

Separated by this wall, Mengzi No.1 middle school has its cornices, white walls and tiles, and orangutan red college entrance examination scores on both sides of the school gate. In the meantime, many students are about to find the footprints of their predecessors and enter Yunnan Normal University.

A breeze swept from the treetops, it seems that there is a song, "Jueyuan transplant dry matter, Jiuzhou sprinkle Liyuan blood."

Cultural relics protection

The classrooms and dormitories of Southwest Associated University Mengzi branch are scattered all over the urban area of Mengzi. There are five existing sites, namely, gelux foreign company, Mengzi Department of customs and taxation, French Consulate General, Mengzi office, Mengzi office

Chinese PinYin : Guo Li Xi Nan Lian He Da Xue Meng Zi Fen Xiao Ji Nian Guan