Daji mountain

Daji mountain

In historical records, Sima Qian, a historian of the Han Dynasty, mentioned several times that "there are eight famous mountains in the world, three of which are in the land of barbarians, five in China, and Huashan, Shoushan, Taishi, Taishan and donglaishan are the places where the Yellow Emperor meets the gods. It is the birthplace of 16 Chinese surnames, including Guo, Ge, Ke and Ren. The sites and scenic spots in the mountains show that it is not only the birthplace of Taoism culture, one of the three pillars of Chinese traditional culture, but also the birthplace of Chinese deity culture.

Historical details

history

Daji mountain, formerly known as Donglai mountain, is located five kilometers to the east of Laizhou City, Shandong Province, a thousand year old city. It has Yueshi cultural relics more than 4000 years ago. In historical records, Sima Qian, a historian of the Han Dynasty, mentioned several times that "there are eight famous mountains in the world, three of which are in the land of barbarians, five in China, and Huashan, Shoushan, Taishi, Taishan and Donglai mountains in China, which are the places where the Yellow Emperor meets the gods. It is the birthplace of 16 Chinese surnames, including Guo, Ge, Ke and Ren. The sites and scenic spots in the mountains show that it is not only the birthplace of Taoism culture, one of the three pillars of Chinese traditional culture, but also the birthplace of Chinese deity culture. In the past, there was a praise in the history books for this saying that "the emperor of Qin traveled but forgot to return, and the emperor of Han passed but stayed happily". There are more than 20 ecological scenic spots in the scenic area.

Daji mountain (formerly known as Donglai mountain) was once one of the eight famous mountains in China. According to historical records, "there are eight famous mountains in the world, three in barbarians and five in China. China's Huashan, Shoushan, Taishi, Taishan and Donglai are the five mountains that the Yellow Emperor often visited, meeting with the gods. "

Location

Donglaishan scenic spot is located in the south coast of Bohai Sea in the northwest of Shandong Peninsula. The entrance of the scenic spot is located at the stele 107 km away from S107 Shandong provincial road. From here, you can get on the "Weihai Wuhai" expressway 2 km to the northwest, and Laizhou City is 6 km in the same direction. Here, the water, land and air transportation and accommodation conditions are very convenient. It is 130 km away from Qingdao airport, 155 km away from Laoshan and 120 km away from Penglai. Daoshi Valley in Daji mountain is the valley Taoist center of National Normal University. There are more than ten restored daodu buildings, such as Taiqing palace, Haotian temple, Sangong palace, Wanshou Palace, Xianyi temple, baiyun temple, Huangdi temple, Guangyue temple, erhou temple, Shengshui temple, Jiyue tower and theater tower.

Famous scenery

Daji Mingquan

Nowadays, Daji mountain has become a famous tourist attraction in Shandong Province. Daji mountain scenic spot is located 10 kilometers east of Laizhou City, adjacent to Gushan Mountain in the East and Hantong mountain in the south, with an altitude of 476.9 meters. It is one of the famous mountains in Laizhou City. Daji mountain, known as Yeshan in ancient times, is semi-circular in shape, surrounded by peaks. In the middle is a deep, round and broad valley, with only a gap in the southwest, forming a natural gateway. Because the valley has been inhabited by Taoism since ancient times, it is commonly known as Taoist valley. In the valley, there are abundant trees, towering ancient trees, luxuriant grass, mountain flowers and wild fruits, and the fragrance is flowing. Because there is no village to live in, it is clean and quiet. In the past, there were four clear springs at the bottom of the valley, and streams were crisscross and gurgling for years. In the past, one of the eight famous sceneries in Yexian County, Daji Mingquan, was among the flowers of his royal highness wusheng on the east slope of the valley bottom. The cold spring gushes out along the stone bars, continuously drips into the small stone pool, and then slowly overflows from the pool. The water is cool, mellow, sweet and refreshing, and the water quality is excellent, so it is known as "Daji Mingquan". It has beautiful mountains, beautiful valleys, beautiful waters, quiet and unique customs, so it has been known as "the first victory of the county" since ancient times. As early as the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, it was an ideal place for those who lived in seclusion to cultivate truth.

Taoist Valley

During the Yongping period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (508-512 AD), Zheng daozhao, the governor of Guangzhou, used to travel in the mountains and forests with his assistants and Taoist customs in his spare time. He talked about scriptures and Taoism in the valley and was thirsty for sweet spring. Zheng daozhao loved mountains and rivers very much. He traveled to Daji mountain and often stayed in the mountains. He once lived in Jielu of Daji mountain and built a special residence, named "qingyanli of Baiyun township". Here we talk about Laozhuang's self-cultivation, sweeping stones, setting up altars, offering sacrifices to the four gods, reciting poems, waving brush, and carving stones. He set up five immortal altars on the top of the four peaks and valleys in the East, West, North and south, and left many magnificent cliff carvings at the same time. Zheng Shuzu, the son of Zheng daozhao, once followed his father to climb mountains and rivers in Guangzhou when he was young. His father's activities and thoughts of "loving mountains and enjoying Taoism" and touring mountains and forests for a long time had a profound influence on Zheng Shuzu. Fifty years later, Zheng Shuzu was also the governor of Guangzhou in the Northern Qi Dynasty. He revisited his hometown again and left stone carvings in Daji mountain. Therefore, since the Northern Dynasties, Zheng daozhao and his son had an indissoluble bond with Dajishan. Taoism flourished in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and it was dominated by Taoism in the past dynasties. Therefore, in a sense, for the Taoists in Daji mountain, the Taoist valley was left by Zheng daozhao.

Cultural connotation

Famous story of huangu

There are 24 ancient cliff inscriptions scattered on the cliff around the valley of Daji mountain. Among them, there are 14 inscriptions written by the father and son of Zheng daozhao, the calligrapher of Northern Wei Dynasty, and the rest are inscriptions of Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. These inscriptions are of different sizes, with hundreds of characters in most and more than ten characters in few. They are mainly distributed in the four peaks, the valley from north to South and the heart of the valley. Among them, Zheng daozhao, who is located on the Western hillside, is famous for his poem of climbing the great mountain, which was written in the first year of Yanchang (512 AD). The North carved stone is engraved on a rectangular independent boulder on the east side of Xifeng mountain. The stone is about 2.90 meters high, 4.20 meters wide and 1.5 meters thick. It looks like a loquat fruit, so it is called "loquat stone". The stone inscriptions are about 9 cm high and 10 cm wide, with 206 characters in total. The characters are vigorous, straight and strong. Although they have gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes, their handwriting is still clear and eloquent, magnificent and magnificent. The poem says: "Qingyan temple in Dongfeng, Baiyun hall in Xiling. Zhu balcony, xuanya lingse light. Four altars and four ridges, Zhongming and Qiangang. " These poems specifically point out the locations of the immortal altars set up by Zheng daozhao in those years, that is, the inscription of Qingyan temple is engraved on dajiting, the main peak of Daji mountain in the East; the inscription of Baiyun hall is engraved on the top of Xifeng peak; the inscription of zhubalcony is engraved on the top of a peak in the South; the inscription of lotus basin is engraved on the top of a peak in the Northeast; the inscription of Xuanling palace is engraved on the stone Inscription: in the center of the valley bottom, on a three-dimensional triangular shaped stone, there are three inscriptions. One side is the inscription of Zhongming altar (the other two sides are the inscription of qingyanli and Sui Zai Ren Chen Jian). This is what is said in the inscriptions on the north side of the road at the southwest entrance of the valley, that Zheng daozhao "sweeps the stones and sets up five immortal altars" (see the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscriptions on the inscr The stone carving is just a record, while the stone carving side of "triangle stone" and the stone carving of "Sui Zai Ren Chen Jian" record the specific time when Zheng daozhao set up the altar of immortals, that is, the first year of Xuanwu yanchang-512 A.D.

North and South famous calligraphy

At the North-South entrance of the valley, there are inscriptions on beishanmen, nanshanmen, inscriptions on takeyama, inscriptions on yunjuguan, etc. Besides the inscriptions in Yunju hall and the name of the stone man, which were left by Zheng Shuzu, the son of Zheng daozhao (the first year of tiantong-565), the other two inscriptions are considered to be Zheng daozhao's inscriptions. All these inscriptions of the Northern Dynasties are distributed in the middle, back and forth of the East, West, North and South (such as the front and back mountain gates), and the "gods of the four directions": green dragon, white tiger, rosefinch and Xuanwu are used to determine the position of the four directions of the East, West, North and south, which fully reflects Zheng daozhao's thought of loving immortals and music in his later years.

These Northern Dynasty stone carvings in Daji mountain are an important part of Zheng daozhao cliff stone carvings. Like Yunfeng mountain stone carvings, they are highly praised and frequently recorded by calligraphers and epigraphists of past dynasties. They are rare treasures of ancient Chinese calligraphy. They occupy an important position in the history of Chinese calligraphy and enjoy a high reputation both at home and abroad.

Besides the inscriptions of Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are also many Taoist temple sites in the valley. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Taoism prevailed, Quanzhen Taoism and Jiaodong Taoism rose. The beautiful scenery and quiet environment here made the Taoist Valley an ideal place for Taoist self-cultivation. At the beginning of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Changsheng and Qiu Chuji, among the seven famous Taoists of Quanzhen sect, once lived in the valley to cultivate the truth. Liu Changsheng established the concept of congenital in the valley by the imperial edict of Zhang Zong of Jin Dynasty, and practiced the truth here all his life. After Liu Changsheng, Qiu Chuji also came here. From then on, Taoism flourished in daoshigu, and there were many Taoist temples. The stone inscriptions of Jin's xianxinguan and Qiu Chuji's changchunzi Taoist Gu chunri's reading poems in 1204 are still standing on the Western hillside. Laozi temple, xianxinguan temple, yuhuangdian temple and GuZi nunnery built by Taoists in the past dynasties are still popular today

Today's development

Today, the remains still exist. Because Daji mountain Taoist Valley is far away from the hustle and bustle, quiet and pleasant scenery, many scholars come here to seek seclusion or live in seclusion in the reading valley. Therefore, there are also a certain number of inscriptions after the Jin and Yuan Dynasties in the valley. The famous travel notes and poems of many literati visiting Daoshi Valley in Daji mountain are scattered in local chronicles.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, due to the closing of mountains for afforestation, the forest resources of Daoshi Valley in Daji mountain are more abundant, and the dense forests are all over the valley, which makes the Daoshi Valley in Daji mountain more beautiful and quiet. As an important part of Yunfeng stone carving, Dajishan cliff stone carving has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit at county and provincial level

Chinese PinYin : Da Ji Shan