Mingzhao Temple

Mingzhao Temple

Mingzhao temple, also known as Huian temple and Zhijue temple, is located at the foot of Mingzhao mountain, 3km east of Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province. It was built in the early years of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Mingzhao temple is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in Zhejiang Province. After more than 1600 years of vicissitudes, Mingzhao temple is the birthplace of Jinhua Wuxue. During the Southern Song Dynasty, famous Neo Confucianists such as Lu Zuqian, Zhu Xi and Chen Liang gave lectures here and became one of the highest universities in China.

Location of Mingzhao Temple

Mingzhao temple, also known as Hui'an temple and Zhijue temple, is located at the foot of Mingzhao mountain, 3km to the east of Wuyi County. It is surrounded by mountains with majestic peaks. You can see the green mountains surrounded by two dragons. In front of the dragon's head is a pool, which is called "two dragons playing with pearls". If it's rainy, it's covered by clouds and fog, and the two dragons appear and disappear, which makes people suspect that it is heaven. It was built in the early years of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. According to the county annals, Ruan Fu, the great grandson of Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of bamboo forest" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion in Mingzhao mountain when he was appointed governor of Guangzhou. In his later years, he gave up his house to build Hui'an temple, which was changed into Zhijue temple in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. It is one of the earliest Buddhist temples in Zhejiang Province, with a history of more than 1600 years, more than 500 years earlier than Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou. In the late Tang Dynasty, the famous Buddhist architect, Zen master Deqian, came to Mingzhao mountain to gather disciples. Therefore, Mingzhao Temple became a Buddhist resort that influenced the whole country at that time.

Environment of Mingzhao Temple

Mingzhao temple is surrounded by mountains with beautiful peaks. In front of the temple, there is a pool and a hill shaped like steamed bread, which should be a volcanic crater in geological age. This hill is called "Boyu peak" by the people. There are nine peaks all around it, and the trend is from different directions. The situation is Jiulong. "All the mountains fight for each other, and the shape is dragon fighting for pearl", so it is also called "play pearl mountain". In the old days, there was a play pearl Pavilion on the top of the hill. If we use the ancient geomantic theory or the current geographical environment theory, it will be a geomantic treasure.

The origin of the name of Mingzhao Temple

In 1757, Mingzhao temple was granted the name of "Zhijue Temple". However, it is still called "Mingzhao Temple" because it is located in Mingzhao mountain. By studying the word "Mingzhao", we can see that people love Mingzhao temple. Ming, Shuowen: "Ming, Zhao." "Zhao, Ming." "Zhao", Shuowen: "Zhao, Shouhu." Xunzi's persuasion: "when you climb a height and move, the arm is not lengthened, but the person who sees it is far away." Call and call (call: call, call) call and call. Therefore, the word "Mingzhao" means "wise and congcha", so Qianlong wanted to change its name to Zhijue temple.

Historical culture of Mingzhao Temple

Ruan Fu, a member of the Wei family of Jin Dynasty, served as a constant servant of Huangmen in the Yuan Dynasty. He drank all day long and tasted the golden sable given by the emperor for wine. He was impeached by the minister, but the emperor always forgave him. In the early years of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (326-327 AD), when the Empress Dowager listened to the court, the regime gradually returned to her uncle's family. Ruan Fu foresaw that "chaos will be done", so he asked to be appointed as a general of Zhennan. On the way to Guangzhou, Ruan Fu came to Zhaoshan in Wuyi ming to build a house and live in seclusion. In Mingzhao mountain, he often enjoyed drinking. He liked to swim with clogs. He often said: "I don't know how many clogs I have in my life?" Very detached. After his death, he was buried in Zhaoshan of Ming Dynasty. In memory of him, later generations named one of the mountains "wax clog mountain". There are wax clog Pavilion, ferret Pavilion and wine exchange Pavilion. The relics are still there.

Ruan Fu's seclusion has been cherished by scholars for thousands of years: "I love Ruan Yaoji, and the high wind is like bamboo forest." (of the Seven Sages of the bamboo grove. Wang weisun's poem: "the general has gone through thousands of years, and his admiration is beyond reach." (Weng Chang's poem), written by Gong Feng in the wax clog Pavilion: "the wind can't pull back through the ages, so the mountain flowers fall and bloom. Don't deceive the moss beside the pavilion, who once printed the teeth of the high man's clogs Admiration is beyond expression.

Ruan Fu converted his house into a temple, but he prepared the material conditions for the Neo Confucianism culture of the Southern Song Dynasty. From then on, the bell of Neo Confucianism broke the silence of Wuyi, the "paradise" and changed from "hidden" to "obvious". The name of Mingzhao Temple shocked half of the country of the Southern Song Dynasty. When we talk about the Neo Confucianism culture of Mingzhao temple, we have to mention Gong Tingzhi first. The Gong family moved to Wuyi from Shuocheng, Shandong Province during the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1128-1130). They loved the beauty of quhu in Nanxiang and settled in Nanxiang (now gongzhai village, Quanxi town). Gong Tingzhi became a scholar in the eighth year of Shaoxing (1138). He was a famous Confucian in Shandong. After moving to Wuyi in the south, Gong Tingzhi preached, taught and dispelled doubts in Mingzhao temple. He had hundreds of disciples and wrote Shantang Lei draft. Wang Zhengze, the county magistrate of Wuyi, summed up that "Zhu Lu is the first to be elected in front of the class, and the virtuous voice belongs to the ancestors and grandchildren", which is the forerunner of Mingzhao Neo Confucianism culture. As a complete Mingzhao Neo Confucianism culture, it is also the great achievement of LV Zuqian, who was posthumously named as LV Chenggong in Jinhua.

Lu Zuqian (1137-1181), whose name is Bogong. Jinhua people. His ancestral home is Donglai (now Shandong Province), and he is known as Mr. Donglai. In the first year of Longxing (1163), he was a Jinshi and a professor of nanwaizongxue. In the third year of Qiandao (1167), when his mother died, he was buried in the tomb of Lu, and taught in Mingzhao temple with Zhu Xi. Later, he successively served as doctor of Taixue, Secretary Lang, editor of the Academy of national history, and reviewer of the Academy of records. He participated in the revision of huizongshilu. For the master of learning to understand and practice, to manage the classics and history so as to use them, "to stress practical principles, to cultivate practical talents, and to seek practical application." In the Southern Song Dynasty, with its independent school, it was as famous as Zhu Xi and Zhang SWA as "three sages in the Southeast". Together with Tang Zhongyou and Chen Liang, they are the main figures of Jinhua Branch of Zhejiang School. In his later years, he gave lectures and met with friends in the Lize book Hall in Jinhua City. He compiled Lize lecture notes by himself. He advocated that "you can only get out of the rut, and then make contributions." Many of the students in Lize Shutang became the backbone of Jinhua school, so they were regarded as the ancestor of Jinhua school. Besides Li Ze Shutang, Lu Zuqian was the principal teacher of Youcheng Academy in Dongyang, and he went to Wufeng in Yongkang, Shidong Academy in Dongyang and Yuequan Academy in Pujiang. The Jinhua school, which was spread from Lize to He Ji, Wang Bai, Jin Luxiang and Xu Qian, was once flourishing and was known in history as "gaining Jinhua and becoming prosperous." From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the literature spread for hundreds of years and had a far-reaching influence. His works include ancient Zhouyi, legend of Zuoshi in spring and autumn, Boyi in Donglai, reading poems in Lv's family school, Donglai collection, etc.

Lu Zuqian was born in an official family. His ancestors were ministers of the Zhao and Song Dynasties, and he was known as "the assistant Prime Minister of the tired Dynasty". Lu MENGZHENG, Lu Yijian, Lu Gongbi, Lu Gongzhu, and Lu Xizhe served as prime ministers, and became Marquises. Lu MENGZHENG, the eighth ancestor, was the first Jinshi in 977 (the second year of Taiping Xingguo); Lu Yijian, the seventh ancestor (979-1044), was the first Jinshi in 1000 (the third year of Xianping); Lu Gongbi, the sixth ancestor (1007-1073), was the second Jinshi in 1018-1089 (Baochen) and the third Jinshi in 1000 (huishu). Lu Xizhe (1039-1116, Yuanming), the fifth generation ancestor, was the official of the imperial court from the following aspects, including great grandfather Lu Haowen, great uncle Lu benzhong, grandfather Lu zhuozhong and father Lu Daqi. It is rare to see such successive generations of officials in the dynasties before and after the Song Dynasty.

In addition to the prominent official position, the LV family also made great achievements in their studies. Wang Zicai of the Qing Dynasty added a note to the revision of the song and Yuan Xuean · fan Lvzhu's Confucianism case: "there are seventeen LV Zhengxian's scholars in seven generations." Xizhe and Xichun are the disciples of Anding (according to Hu Yuan), and Xizhe is a scholar of Xingyang. Xingyangzi asked, also see the learning plan. From zijizhong, Jianzhong and zhuozhong, we can see the Hejing case. Xingyang sun benzhong and Congzi Daqi, Dalun, Dayou, Datong are the "Ziwei Xuean". Ziwei's followers sun Zuqian, Zu Jian and Zu Tai are also called Donglai Xuean. A total of 17 people, who seven. However, the eldest son of Xingyang is very inquisitive, and he and his younger brother are very inquisitive. He has traveled from the time when he was a scholar and official to enlighten Ziwei, so he has to set up a biography for it. This shows the profound family learning of Lu family. The calculation of Quan Zuwang (Xie Shan) is not accurate, and there are more than 17 people in the LV family who should be enrolled in the school. Therefore, the legend of Lu Zuqian in the history of Song Dynasty: "the family of Zuqian's academic origin has the biography of Central Plains literature."

With the death of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127, there was a climax of national migration in China's history. Many northern aristocrats, bureaucrats and intellectuals moved southward with the imperial court. Of course, there were also a large number of poor people suffering from war. This also led to the spread of Central Plains culture in the north to the south, especially the Neo Confucianism, which was dominant in the Northern Song Dynasty, spread rapidly in the south.

Lu Zuqian's family is one of those who moved to the south. The Lu family, originally from Shandong Province, moved to Anhui Province, and then to the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo (now Kaifeng, Henan Province). After the Song Dynasty moved to the south, Lu Haowen, the Marquis of Donglai County, the great ancestor of Lu Zuqian, and his family moved to Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. The Lu family is not only a famous eunuch family, but also a well-known scholarly family with profound family tradition. When the Jin soldiers destroyed the Song Dynasty, many famous families of poetry and etiquette in the central plains were destroyed, and the ancient books and records of these destroyed families were also lost. The family of Lu kept the security of the family of Lu because Lu Haowen worked in Zhang bangchang's regime under the wing of the Jin army. When Lu Haowen and his family went south, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty had already ascended the throne, and the South tended to be stable

Chinese PinYin : Ming Zhao Si