Yumu Village

Yumu Village

Yumuzhai, a Tujia mountain village, is located at the junction of Hubei Province and Chongqing City, 61 kilometers east of Lichuan City. It is surrounded by cliffs, covering an area of 6 square kilometers and inhabiting more than 500 Tujia mountain people. There are Tujia castle, Xiongguan pass, ancient tomb, plank road and houses. It is the most well preserved Tujia village in China. In the scenic area, the castle wall and ancient plank road are well preserved. Dozens of ancient tombs are exquisitely carved, the pass dangerous road is breathtaking. The villagers' production and living utensils are simple and traditional, and the national customs are unique. It is known as the "paradise of the world".

In 2006, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Yumu village was selected into the second batch of Chinese traditional villages list in 2013.

The origin of the name of the village

It is said that when the chieftain was fighting, the dangerous terrain of Yumu village made the opponent unable to attack for a long time. A few months later, Ma Tusi, who was guarding the village, dropped the live fish and hung it on the tree in front of the tent of Tan Tusi, who came to attack the village. Tan Tusi sighed: "to conquer this village is like seeking fish from a tree." From then on, Yumu village has its name.

Geography

Yumuzhai is located in Yumu village, Moudao Town, Lichuan City, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province. It is on the way of national highway 318 from Lichuan to Wanxian.

The village is surrounded by cliffs, three iron walls and four Luofeng. There is only an ancient stone road 2 meters wide leading to the gate of the village. The Village tower stands out from the mountains, with cliffs on both sides and only one person can pass through the middle door. On the cliffs in the West and north of Shandong, there are three sections of ancient plank road. There are nearly 100 ancient people living, weaving, squeezing oil and coining caves in the village, with a deep cultural layer, and 10 tombs of the Qing Dynasty. The jitougou waterfall in the village is more than 100 meters high and magnificent.

history

According to Yumuzhai's Tan genealogy, Yumuzhai and its surrounding areas are under the jurisdiction of longyangdong chieftain. In 1409, longyangdong pacified Tan Yuanheng, Tan Wanshi, and Tan Wanjin to Shizhu chieftain. In 1566, Tan Yan of the eighth requested that the territory of longyangdong should be registered in Wanxian, so he left Shizhu chieftain. In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), Shi Zhu Xuanfu envoys Ma Touhu and Ma Qiancheng planned to recover Longyang cave, led soldiers to besiege, burned more than 300 houses and killed more than 100 people.

In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Bailian religion was widely spread among the people. In order to intercept the religious people, Wanxian ordered the mountain people to build villages according to the mountains, including Yumu village. According to the Tongzhi edition of Wan county annals, "Yumu village is high and handsome, surrounded by walls, about ten li wide, and shaped like a drum. It enters the gate of the village from the handle of the drum. Its path is narrow and narrow. There are many fields in the village, producing bamboo and wood, which can accommodate thousands of households. It is also a famous village on the south bank."

Yumu village, known as "the best Tujia ancient village in the world", is located in the mountains at the junction of Hubei and Chongqing. It is surrounded by cliffs and surrounded by mountains. Once you enter it, you can become a village. It is a natural village in Moudao Town, Lichuan City, Hubei Province, with a population of less than 500. Unique location, unique scenery, unique customs. In the early morning, driving from "the first fir in the world", we cross Yanger mountain, pass through tongluoguan, and walk about 22 kilometers westward to enter Tujia ancient village. Before the reform of Western Hubei, the chieftain system was carried out. In order to expand their territory, the local emperors, who lived in the villages, fought with each other for years. It is said that outside the village, Tan Tusi coveted the ancient village for a long time, and sent troops to fight. Inside the village, Ma Tusi resisted tenaciously. Tan Tusi surrounded the village like an iron bucket, wanted to make the village run out of ammunition and food, and abandoned the village to surrender. One month later, the funny horse Tusi threw live fish to play, and Tan Tusi had no choice but to end the war of "seeking fish from trees" in despair. The nameless ancient village was named Yumu village from then on. Heavy historical heritage, unique cultural landscape and beautiful natural scenery give birth to the "male" of the main building of Yumu stockade, the "secluded" of ancient tombs and the "dangerous" of Sanyang pass. The majestic main village building is the first pass to enter the village. The main Village tower stands on the back of the confluence of the cliffs. On both sides are cliffs with a vertical height of 500 meters. "Building a village building on the cliff ridge, one man will guard against ghosts and worries." As soon as the gate of the village is closed, the only way to enter the village is cut off. You have to step back. Local people call this place "Zhaijing", narrow and dangerous. From the perspective of the village building, you can see the broken walls on both sides of the village building, and a series of waterfalls flying down the cliff in the distance. In your eyes, the whole Yumu stronghold is like a hot-air balloon ready to go. You are a helmsman in the cockpit. You are about to take off from the ground, away from the fetters of the mountains, and fly out of the remote mountains. The main village building was built in Tongzhi period, which was raised by the villagers. In the past, when bandits entered the stronghold, the main stronghold building was known as blowing horns and firing three eye guns. Now, with the increasing number of people coming to Yumu village, every year during the Dragon Boat Festival, villagers in the village hold a grand entrance ceremony for tourists. After three trumpets and three cannons, the stronghold owner opens the gate, and the villagers present a bowl of hot glutinous rice dumplings or rice wine dumplings to the guests. For thousands of years, Yumu village has been "locked in the boudoir at the end of human knowledge". Her fame, according to an old village branch secretary who retired from his post in the village, is full of tragedy and legend. At noon in the midsummer of 1982, there was a lot of thunder and heavy rain on the Yumu stockade. Suddenly, a dull lightning strike struck the main building of Yumu stockade, and the whole stockade trembled. At that time, Cheng's father and daughter, who lived in the upper floor of the main village, and a mountain dweller who took shelter from the rain were killed. A lightning strike killed three people, which attracted people's attention. People are surprised to find that this village with only 400 people is a well preserved ancient Tujia village with simple folk customs, rich customs and charming scenery. After textual research, the Municipal Cultural Management Institute first sent a short message to Enshi daily, and journalists immediately stepped into this virgin land and were impressed by the magic of Yumu village. Soon, Yumu village became famous in Western Hubei.

Historical Site

Zhailou

Only in the southwest of Yumu village, there is a small path leading to daxingchang, and a building is built at the neck of the village. It was built in 1799 to defend the white lotus sect. According to the inscriptions in the zhailou, it is a good plan of the country that fengxiu has always thought about prevention, and it is also a good way for the people to be happy and willing to help each other. In order to be the good people in the prosperous times, Yu either went down to work first or bought property in his own dynasty. They were all cultivated and educated under the grace of the emperor. Recently, thieves and bandits are popular, disturbing the local people. He was blessed with the holy grace and didn't want the good people to be harmed. He ordered all the villages to build cards to avoid danger. Therefore, the Yumu stockade held a public discussion, the stockade leader raised money, and the good people built the stockade. In the mid summer of the fourth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the commander Tan dengjiedeng was a hundred and twenty people

Sanyang pass

Sanyang gate, wall 5 meters high, 4 meters wide, on both sides of the cliff, towering ancient trees. There are three official script characters "sanyangguan" on the cliff, which are very eye-catching. At first, the villagers chiseled a ladder on the cliff and used both hands and feet to get up and down, commonly known as "hand raking rock"; later, they drilled a hole in the cliff and inserted long stone columns to form a zigzag passage in the air. The so-called "sanyangguan" is the local people's expectation of Yangguan Avenue.

Bright ladder

Also known as the suspended plank road, it inserts stone piles about one meter long and 0.3 meters wide into the stone wall. The stone piles are spread out and rise step by step between the cliffs, forming a unique stone ladder channel. When people walk on it, the stone piles seem to tremble and want to crack. They climb up and down step by step. The stone piles have no railings, and the sole of their feet is an abyss. There is no barrier up and down, left and right. Everything is suddenly transparent, so it is called bright ladder.

Tomb of Cheng Yonggao and his wife

The tomb was built by the owner of the tomb during his lifetime. From the first month of 1866 to the third month of 1869 in Tongzhi, it was built four years ago. It is a courtyard type tomb, with corridor and courtyard, three doors and two entrances, covering an area of more than 100 square meters. The first entrance is the corridor, with a carved stone railing, 8.2 meters long, from the left and right side doors. The shape and size of the two doors are the same. On the right lintel, there are 17 figures in the picture of Ronggui, with the inscription of "Xiaoyao Pavilion" on the forehead, the inscription of "wannianfang" fan on the back, and the relief of Phoenix, peony and Shuanghu. The door on the left side is named "Zizi Palace", with figures such as playing gongs and lifting sedan chairs in relief; on the back, qianqiule is engraved on the forehead, with double phoenixes in relief. In the corridor, open the gate and enter the worship platform. The gate is 3.8 meters high, with three storeys. It is carved with stone wings, eaves and tile roof. The front of the gate is engraved with "shuangshouju", with twining dragons and flowers all over the wall. The couplet "Longzhen cave is the right place, and the sand is clear and the water is beautiful". The two sides of the gate are spread out in the shape of eight characters. The cursive script "Fu" is engraved on the left and the word "Shou" is engraved on the right. The forehead on the back of the gate is engraved with "zangshouyu". The courtyard is paved with stones, covering an area of 32 square meters. The distance between the gate and the tombstone is 3.8 meters. The tombstone is 5.2 meters high and 5.3 meters wide, with vertical columns at both ends. The tombstone is divided into three layers and three chambers. The bottom layer is inlaid with hollowed out carvings, and the upper layer is carved with more than 90 pieces of rooms, porches, houses, flowers and plants of dragons and phoenixes, characters and plays. The couplets are also very rich.

Xiangzi tomb

The tomb is a mound tomb with stone walls, covering an area of 60 square meters. In front of the tomb is a carved circular tombstone carved in 1866, which is 3 meters high, 2.8 meters wide and 0.56 meters thick. On it are relief carvings of the owner's name, birth and death, and the characters' dramatic characters. One meter in front of the monument is a tall Pavilion, 6 meters high, 3.58 meters wide and 0.74 meters thick, with three storeys and three chambers. The pavilion is 2.8 meters high and 1 meter wide, with exquisite workmanship. On the top of the bath in the pavilion is engraved the word "Fu" in cursive script composed of two phoenixes. Xiang Zi, the owner of the tomb, was "given nine seals" by the imperial court for his benevolence.

Chinese PinYin : Yu Mu Zhai