Gutian Nature Reserve

Gutian Provincial Nature Reserve, Huidong, Guangdong

synonym

Gutian nature reserve generally refers to Guangdong Huidong Gutian provincial nature reserve

Gutian Provincial Nature Reserve in Huidong County, Guangdong Province, is located in the northwest of Huidong County, between 114 ° 46 ′ - 1114 ° 49 ′ E and 23 ° 05 ′ - 23 ° 09 ′ n. The nature reserve is located in the secondary natural broad-leaved forest area of Gutian sunshuidagou Valley, adjacent to pingtianzhang and Shirenzhang in the north, bounded by high-altitude ridges in the East and West, and connected with lvwuping and Shixi Dagou valley. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, forming a unique natural barrier. In the northwest, it is adjacent to Lianghua town's state-owned forest farm and Yujingfeng Provincial Forest Park, and in the southeast, it is adjacent to Jibu ecological forest zone. The total area of the region is 32838 mu, the volume of standing trees is 140000 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is more than 95%.

Established in 1984 with the approval of the people's Government of Guangdong Province, it is a forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve.

Historical evolution

Gutian Nature Reserve was established in April 1984 with the approval of the provincial people's government, covering an area of 2189 hectares. In 1984, the county Editorial Board approved the establishment of Gutian Nature Reserve Management Station in Huidong County. In 1987, the police station of Gutian nature reserve of Huidong County Public Security Bureau was established with the approval of the provincial government, and the establishment of the Management Office of Gutian nature reserve of Huidong province was approved with the approval of the Guangdong provincial government. There were 10 authorized institutions, including one director and one deputy director. The personnel and funds were approved by the provincial finance.

geographical environment

The landform of the nature reserve is a low mountain platform. The elevation of Niujiao mountain, Yanghu aunt and Wuji peak in the East is more than 1000 meters, while the elevation of Nanrui new bridge is only 113 meters, and the slope is 25-55 degrees. The average annual temperature in Pingshan is 21.7 ℃, the average temperature in January is 13.5 ℃, the average temperature in July is 28.3 ℃, the extreme low temperature is 0.2 ℃, and the extreme high temperature is 38.3 ℃. The climate index of Gutian is estimated to be slightly lower. There are still short-term frost in each year. The average annual precipitation is 1805 mm, and the maximum annual precipitation is 2530 mm. The precipitation from April to July accounts for 81.6% of the annual precipitation, and the average relative humidity is 77%.

natural resources

Tropical floristic elements are distributed in the valleys and hillsides above sea level. For example, the tropical fruit tree paramita can grow normally. The zonal vegetation is monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, which is distributed on the hillside of 400-800 meters above sea level. The main tree species are Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae, Myrtle forest, green hook of Leguminosae, Gemu, Shibi wood, etc. Others are Pinus massoniana coniferous forests and grasses. The floristic division belongs to 1e14. It is a national protected plant. The first grade is Alsophila spinulosa, the second grade is myxoma and Gemu, and the third grade is Aquilaria sinensis (baimuxiang), Amentotaxus, bayatian, etc. There are more than 300 kinds of economic plants and medicinal plants. The second grade animals under state protection include water deer, bony antelope, pangolin, white Lang, etc. This is the southern boundary of the distribution of water deer and servant girl antelope.

The whole forest vegetation in Gutian nature reserve is not obvious in season, and it is evergreen all the year round. In spring, when the leaves of Cinnamomum are light green, they are mixed with the purplish red of Schima superba and Carex. The tree layer can be divided into 2-3 layers and the shrub layer can be divided into 1-2 layers. There are abundant interlayer plants. The woody rattan, such as kotengzi, is a common species in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. Its pods can reach half a meter and weigh more than 2.5 kg. Many of them hang in the forest, which is quite spectacular.

In addition, there are windmill rattan, rattan sandalwood, red rough fruit tea, maima rattan and Longxu rattan. Epiphytic plants include Yajiang, Jiangnan Xinglv, fushizang, Shiwei and other large or small Tibetan species, as well as Shipu Teng, shiziwei, shidoulan, Fritillaria, etc. The typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in south subtropics is mainly distributed in the middle mountain and valley area of 200-500 meters. There is a certain Rainforest Scene in the valley, which is reflected in the increase in the proportion of tropical plant species, such as golden leaf tree, water stone banyan, Jiaci tree, Tianliao wood, sticky wood, slubby tree, pseudopingpo, South China rattan, wild banana and so on. The root of banyan is higher than that of human, more than 2 meters. The species of stem and flower are shuidongge and baihuayoumateng.

The shade and warm valley edge, second Gong, Fujian lotus, golden dog and other shelter plants grow well. With the increase of altitude, the mountain area above 500 meters is the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the south subtropical mountain area. The forest facies is relatively complete, with more trees in the tree layer. Fagaceae, Theaceae and rhododendraceae plants increase significantly and dominate. It is worth mentioning that the community of Camellia acuminata from 7d0 meters above sea level to the top of the mountain has an individual diameter at breast height of 30-50 cm. During the period of full bloom, it looks like a vast expanse of snow sea from afar. The forest is a unique spectacle because of its red trunk. The community is widely distributed in the reserve and is a rare vegetation in the south subtropical region of South China.

In the core area, the community was also found. The straight brown red trunk was very eye-catching, giving the community a special landscape. There are 1127 species of vascular plants in Gutian nature reserve, which belong to 183 families and 604 genera. Among them, there are 1060 species of seed plants in 567 genera and 160 families. Among these plants, there are national first-class protected plants, second-class protected plants, such as Gemu, endangered species of hongpi coarse fruit tea, rare species of qinggougao, and gradually endangered species such as Changye bamboo cypress, Sui Huashan, nianmu, baimuxiang, yaolishu, etc. Fengweilu, Luhai and Shisong are ancient relic groups.

There are more than 300 kinds of medicinal plants in the reserve, such as Aquilaria sinensis, Morinda officinalis, Ganoderma lucidum, sanbaicao, Hedyotis diffusa, honeysuckle, Senecio scandens, Jingsi, motherwort, asparagus, shishoupu, slow grass, etc. The main fiber plants are kapok, Celastrus angustifolia, Spatholobus sanguineus, Sesamum indicum, pseudojute, ciruma, xiaofansmallpox, etc. Other available starch plants are Lithocarpus huananensis and Polygonatum; oil plants are Juniperus, Cephalotaxus, geranium, chongyangmu, Phyllostachys multiflora, huashanfan, baihualong, Diospyros officinarum, yagongshu, mangrove, etc.; aromatic plants are Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum camphora, shanjijiao, guafumu, Yinxiang and gangsong. There are Myrica rubra, Phyllanthus emblica, shuyimi, Myrtle, houhuanxi, heimianshen and biluozi. Pigment can be extracted from mast and turmeric. Pinus massoniana, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Ilex glauca and Abelmoschus chinense contain resin. Cassia obtusifolia and pig excrement bean contain gum. It can be used as health drink and food, such as Rosa laevigata, Beijing pear, broad-leaved fruit called monkey peach, sweetener such as licorice, insecticide such as Celastrus angustifolia.

Protected objects

It is one of the comprehensive nature reserves in Guangdong Province. The main protected objects are the south subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and rare animals and plants. There are 1127 species of wild vascular plants in the reserve, which are rich in animal resources. Among them, there are more than 20 species of rare and endangered wild animals and plants listed in the national key protection, such as: South China tiger, clouded leopard, leopard, python, jackal, pangolin, Silver Pheasant, Sumen antelope, Alsophila spinulosa, Gemu, spicate fir, etc. the provincial key protection plants are Cephalotaxus fortunei and Lepidoptera.

Protection value

Gutian nature reserve also has many wonders that are hard to see in other places, such as the big plank root phenomenon of ancient trees. An ancient tree that only three people can embrace gives birth to five knife like plank roots that are exposed to the ground. A few people sitting between the plank roots can't see anyone. This is the unique view of subtropical forests. Here, you can also enjoy the rare pure forest of red skinned coarse fruit tea in subtropical areas, with tall and straight trunk, broad and luxuriant leaves, showing a kind of primitive beauty of simplicity and magnificence. On the mountain road to Gutian, there is also a kind of rattan called "guoganglong" growing beside the big stone. The diameter of the head of the rattan is more than 70 cm. Three branches of rattan crawl along the two mountain tops, with a total length of more than 400 meters. In Gutian nature reserve, there are also some natural landscapes of great appreciation value, such as the waterfall under the water curtain, the submerged River, etc.

Address: 25 km northeast of Huidong County, Huizhou City

Longitude: 114.795886

Latitude: 23.109053

Chinese PinYin : Gu Tian Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu