Haituo mountain

Dahaituo nature reserve is located in the southwest of Chicheng County, Hebei Province. Chengde in the East, Zhangjiakou in the west, Bashang grassland in the north and Beijing in the south. With a total area of 11224.9 hectares, the main peak of Haituo mountain is 2241 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in northern Beijing.

Haidatuo is 130 kilometers away from Beijing. Through Badaling, through Yanqing County northbound can reach. Haituo ridge is the boundary between Chicheng County and Beijing city. Shanyang is the Songshan Nature Reserve. The combination of the two areas, based on the mountain and the combination of yin and Yang, constitutes a magnificent green treasure house.

Haituo mountain

Haituo mountain is located in the north of Zhangshanying Town, Yanqing District and the junction of Chicheng County, Hebei Province. It is about 18 kilometers away from Yanqing and 130 kilometers away from Beijing. It belongs to Jundu mountain system. The main peak is 2241 meters above sea level, the second highest in Beijing and the first in Yanqing County. In 2009, Haituo mountain was selected as one of China's top ten "non famous peaks" by Institute of geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Geographic magazine of China. To become a place for mountaineers all over the country.

geographical position

Haituo mountain is located in the north of Zhangshanying Town, Yanqing District and Chicheng County, Hebei Province. It is about 18 kilometers away from Yanqing County and 130 kilometers away from Beijing. It belongs to the Jundu mountain system of Yanshan Mountains. The main peak is 2241 meters above sea level, the second highest in Beijing and the first in Yanqing District. At the foot of the mountain is Zhangshanying town in Yanqing District to the south, and Dahaituo Township and diaoezhen in Chicheng County to the north.

Climatic characteristics

Due to the high mountain, the temperature decreases by 0.6 degree for every 100 meters rise, the height difference between the peak and Yanqing city is 1700 meters, and the temperature is more than ten degrees lower than Yanqing city. As a result, the vertical distribution of plants is obvious, and the vegetation above 1800 meters above sea level is alpine meadow type. Local precipitation is abundant, and the "Haituo flying rain" spectacle is formed in summer. In winter, it forms the wonder of "Haituo Daixue".

Geological characteristics

Most of the rocks in haituoshan are granite, andesite, volcanic tuff and breccia in Jurassic. The rock was formed 130 million years ago. There are many valleys in the mountains, which are composed of river undercutting and fault uplift.

There is a fault zone in Guichuan plain in the south of the mountain, which is rich in geothermal resources. There are springs everywhere at the foot of Haituo mountain. There was an old temple in tangzigou at the foot of the mountain, called Wenquan temple, commonly known as Tangzi temple. There is a hot spring at the back of the temple with a temperature of 42 ℃. Li Daoyuan, the author of shuijingzhu, visited here in the Northern Wei Dynasty. He once bathed here and recorded it.

topographic features

Haituo mountain covers an area of more than 10 kilometers, covering a total area of more than 100 square kilometers. The mountain ranges are southwest northeast trending, forming the natural boundary and watershed between Beijing and Hebei. The top of Haituo mountain is a meadow with a length of nearly 10 kilometers, a width of 500 meters, and the narrowest part is less than 100 meters. There are three peaks in Haituo mountain: Haituo, xiaohaituo and sanhaituo. Dahaituo is 2241m above sea level, located at 115 ° 49 ′ 14 ″ E and 40 ° 34 ′ 29 ″ n; xiaohaituo is 2198m above sea level, 115 ° 48 ′ 49 ″ E and 40 ° 33 ′ 30 ″ n; sanhaituo is 1854m above sea level, 115 ° 48 ′ 52 ″ E and 40 ° 32 ′ 24 ″ n.

hydrology

The south side of Haituo mountain belongs to Guishui River Basin, a tributary of Yongding River. The south side of Haituo mountain is foyukou River, a tributary of Guishui River. The south side of Songshan Nature Reserve is foyukou reservoir. The Shandong side belongs to Gucheng River (Houhe), a tributary of Guishui River. The water flows into Gucheng reservoir (Longqing gorge).

Haituoshanyin is the Red River Basin, a tributary of Baihe River, and the water finally flows into Miyun reservoir.

natural resources

Haituo mountain, like a large screen across the north of the capital, has become an important defense against sandstorm. It is the most complete natural ecosystem in the surrounding area of Beijing. The ridge is the boundary between Chicheng County and Beijing city. Shanyin is Dahaituo National Nature Reserve and Shanyang is Songshan National Nature Reserve.

In Songshan Nature Reserve, there are well preserved tree species such as Juglans mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus chinensis, elm and birch, which constitute a typical natural secondary broad-leaved forest in North China. Due to the high forest coverage, there are abundant species of wild animals. According to statistics, there are 713 species of wild vascular plants and 216 species of wild vertebrates recorded in Songshan.

More than 1800 meters above sea level is a large meadow type plant belt, including Trollius chinensis, Hemerocallis, Panax japonicus, Sanguisorba officinalis, Panax japonicus, Shandan, etc.

humanity

The southern side of the fault rises and falls significantly, the mountain is steep, the clouds are cut off and the fog is broken, and there is a sudden rain in summer. In ancient times, it was called "Haituo flying rain", also known as "tunqi tuxiu", which is one of the eight sceneries in Guichuan.

village

Haituo mountain is sparsely populated. In the south of Yanqing District of Beijing, there is a village in xidazhuangke village and the Management Office of Songshan Nature Reserve. In the north of Chicheng County, Hebei Province, there are three villages: yanjiaping village, jiangzhuangzi village and Dahaituo village. On the east side is Yudu mountain scenic spot, with a population of only a few hundred people within dozens of square kilometers.

road

Songyan Road (Songshan yanjiaping) passes through the south side of the mountain, starting from the intersection of Zhangshanying Town West and national highway G110 old line, and ending at yanjiaping village, Chicheng County, Hebei Province, with a total length of 18.8km, connecting Dahaituo Township, Chicheng County. It's a favorite route for cyclists.

The original gravel road is 7 meters wide, and the road is only 5-6 meters wide. Because Songyan road is built close to the mountain, and its line is a mountain road, which is spiraling upward. Some sections have large height difference and many safety hazards, which affect the normal traffic of the people in the past. At the same time, Songyan road runs through foyukou reservoir, Songshan scenic area and many folk tourism spots, so the original road can not meet the current traffic and tourism needs.

The overhaul project of Songyan road was started at the end of April 2011 and completed at the end of September. After overhaul, Songyan road is a class IV Highway with asphalt pavement. The subgrade width is 6.5 to 8.5 meters, the pavement width is 6 to 7 meters, and the design driving speed is 20 km / h.

legend

Wang cizhong falls on Yuhua mountain

Wang Zizhong was born in JuYang, Shanggu. His father was a small official in charge of the bamboo slips in the state of Yan. The first emperor of Qin was worried about reading a few cars of official documents every day. He heard that there was an able man in Shanggu County who could write simplified characters and created a new style. He was very happy, so he sent someone to call him to the court as an official. When Wang cizhong heard about it, he immediately took care of his illness and avoided it. As a result, the first emperor of Qin could not find the three symptoms. A touching story was recorded by Li Daoyuan, a geographer more than 1600 years ago, in the notes to the water classic: "there are two peaks on the east side of Haituo, with high mountains cutting off clouds and layers of ice breaking fog. Wang cizhong changed the old book of Cangjie to official script, which was called by the first emperor. When the three expeditions failed, the first emperor was angry and ordered the car to send it. The second Zhong turned into a ROC and flew up and down to the Si mountain. Therefore, its peak was called Da he and Xiao He. " After his death, people admired him and his calligraphy reform, so they built a temple on Haituo mountain to commemorate him. The two peaks on the east side of Haituo were named Dahe mountain and Xiaohe mountain. Big sea and small sea.

The battle of sakizumi

More than five thousand years ago, the first large-scale war of China, the battle of Osaka spring, broke out between the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor in northern China. Some historians in Beijing believe that the site of the battle of Hanquan, the second emperor of Yanhuang, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, is located in Hanquan village, south of Haituo mountain in Yanqing, a suburb of Beijing. Experts found in archaeological research that banquan is a place name in Yanqing, Beijing. There is Banshan in Zhangshanying Town, northwest of Yanqing District, and the spring is called banquan. At the foot of the mountain, there are two villages: Osaka spring and Osaka spring. In addition, experts also found Yanqing Hanquan as Yanhuang Hanquan in many historical books such as Xushi Wenyu Huayao, Qianlong's Yanqing Zhouzhi, Beijing Local Chronicles and Yanqing County chronicles. According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor once lived in Jinyun Mountain. Yanqing was called Jinshan County in ancient times, and foyeding mountain in the north of Xiangying township was called Jinyun Mountain in ancient times, which also proves this discovery. Liu Jianye, a historian at the site of the battle of sakizumi, believes that it is also in line with the characteristics of people's encampment in ancient times: first, it is close to the water source, which is conducive to survival; second, it is open, with its back on the mountain, which is convenient for the army to launch, attack and defend. Other experts believe that the word "Osaka" should be connected with the word "Mo" in ancient times, and "Osaka spring" is also called "Baiquan", which is just in line with the local situation.

Flooding Caozhou

The legend of Caozhou city is Yanqing. One year, the city of Caozhou was flooded with rain for seven to forty-nine days, and the earth master reported the Jade Emperor step by step. The Jade Emperor opened the book of human disasters and found that the disaster of Caozhou people was full, so he sent a Bodhisattva to Caozhou to relieve the flood disaster and save the people. The goddess of the Bodhisattva ordered the God pig to open Guanting mountain and swim to the north mountain by the god boat. Shenzhu soon arched Guanting mountain, and the water of Caozhou city soon fell. Beishan Mountain rose above the water. Because the sea water lifted Beishan Mountain, it was later called Haituo mountain. With the rapid sinking of the sea, the goddess of Bodhisattva's divine ship was stranded, so she had to fly away in the five auspicious clouds. The stranded ship became a lonely mountain, named yidushan, which is the famous yudushan in Yanqing. There are three tall pine trees on Yudu mountain, which is said to be the mast of the divine ship. The end of Guishui River in Yanqing is flowing into Guanting

Chinese PinYin : Hai Tuo Shan