Qingliang mountain

Qingliang mountain

Qingliangshan is located in Qingliangmen, Gulou District, Nanjing city. It is a hilly hill in the west of Nanjing city. The mountain is elliptical and meandering from Hanzhongmen to Dinghuaimen. With a height of more than 100 meters and a radius of about 4 kilometers, Qingliangshan park is built. Across Huju Road, the stone city echoes with it, one magnificent, one quiet and deep, setting off each other.

Qingliang mountain is known as shitoushan, shishoushan and shitoucheng in ancient times. It is known as "a miracle of the Six Dynasties". There are many places of interest and historical and cultural sites in the park, forming a profound historical and cultural heritage. Zhuge Liang once called the Jinling situation "Huju Longpan", which refers to today's Qingliang mountain. During the Warring States period, King Wei of Chu set up Jinling town here. There is a city in the mountain, which is called Shicheng mountain. During the Three Kingdoms period, Dongwu built a stone city, also known as stone mountain. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, the summer palace was built on the mountain, which was the location of the summer palace of the emperors of the Southern Tang Dynasty. It was renamed Qingliangshan in the Northern Song Dynasty and is still in use today.

Historical evolution

Qingliang mountain is the end of the western extension of Zhongshan Mountain. It was named shitoushan and shishoushan in ancient times, and was originally named shitoushan. The highest altitude is 65 meters and the lowest is 19 meters.

During the Warring States period, in the seventh year of King Wei of Chu (333 BC), Vietnam was destroyed, and Jinling was set up in shitoushan. Since then, Nanjing has been called Jinling.

In 208, the 13th year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to the eastern Wu Dynasty to discuss with Sun Quan the grand plan of resisting Cao Cao. It is said that Zhuge Liang once stationed in shitoushan, Ma'an, to observe the situation in Jinling, and made a comment that "it's really the residence of the emperor that the mountain is surrounded by dragons and stones. This tiger squatting on the Bank of the river refers to Qingliangshan.". Today, there is Zhuge Wuhou's zhumapo site on Liangshan Mountain in Qing Dynasty, and there are Hujuguan, longpanli and other place names at the foot of the mountain.

In 211, Sun Quan moved the political center to Nanjing. The following year, he built the famous stone city on the basis of Jinling town of Chu as a fortress of Jiangfang. There are still some remains of the ancient stone city, which has been weathered and magnificent.

Before the Tang Dynasty, the Yangtze River was close to the southern foot of Qingliang Shanxi, and the river was pounding and flapping, forming cliffs and cliffs, which became a natural barrier to prevent the enemy from crossing the north to the south. Qingliang mountain is an important commanding point in the west of Nanjing, which is a must for military strategists. The cliff on the west side of the mountain is close to the Yangtze River. To the south of the mountain is the land and water wharf at that time. This stone mountain is the first thing that tourists from Jiangnan come to see after landing.

Before the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Yangtze River flowed under the fault at the West foot of Qingliang mountain. The terrain was very dangerous. It was always a military town. Later, the Yangtze River moved westward. After the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yu expanded the Xingjiao temple at the foot of Qingliang mountain into Qingliang Avenue field in Shicheng, and then changed its name to Qingliang mountain, becoming one of the scenic spots in Jinling. In addition, Deqing hall was built in the temple as a summer palace, and green bamboos were planted on the mountain to keep cool. The ancient buildings of the Southern Tang Dynasty have been completely destroyed. There is only one ancient well left. It was excavated in the third year of Baoda (945) of the Southern Tang Dynasty, so it is called baodaquan. According to legend, the old monks in the temple often drink well water, and their hair is not white, so it is also called huanyangquan.

In 980, Guanghui temple was moved to Mufu mountain.

In 1402, the fourth year of Jianwen reign of Ming Dynasty, Zhu long, king of Zhou Dynasty, rebuilt the temple and named it Qingliang temple. Later, it was destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Although it was rebuilt in the late Qing Dynasty, it does not exist today. During the Jiajing reign of emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, Geng Dingxiang, the censor of Ming Dynasty, built Chongzheng Academy in Qingliang mountain, Shandong Province. Later, it was destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In the fourth year of Tongzhi, it was rebuilt into a small Jiuhua temple, which once flourished and was destroyed in 1966.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Gong Xian, known as the first of the eight famous painters in Jinling, built a half acre house on the West foot of Qingliang mountain and lived in seclusion. It is said that today's shayelou is Gong Xian's former residence. The original building was destroyed in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and rebuilt in the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (188c AD). It has been repaired and is still in good condition.

In 1930, the city park management office listed Qingliangshan as a park and assigned it to the Gulou Park office.

On April 11, 1934, Chiang Kai Shek sent a telegram to the Ministry of military affairs and the Military Commission to move the troops stationed in saoyalou.

At the end of the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Japanese invaded China and occupied Nanjing, resulting in the destruction of mountains, forests and buildings.

It became a park in 1961. It was destroyed in the cultural revolution.

In the late 1970s, when Huju road was opened up, Qingliang mountain was cut off in order to reduce the road height and excavate the mountain. The east part of the road was restored to Qingliang mountain park. There are Qingliang temple, saoyalou, Huanyang well, Chongzheng academy, Cuiwei Pavilion, zhumapo and other historic sites on the mountain. The old collection of "three unique skills" in Qingliang Temple includes Dong Yu's Dragon painting, Li Houzhu's Bafen calligraphy and Li Xiaoyuan's cursive calligraphy. To the west of the road, the stone city in the west of Liangshan (including its north and South cliffs and a section of Ming city wall) is divided.

Chongzheng Academy was rebuilt in 1980 and is now the exhibition hall of Chinese rare stones.

In 2014, the project of Qingliangshan passage connecting Qingliangshan and national defense Park was completed, and the stone city and Qingliangshan were connected, becoming a complete tourist attraction in the west of Nanjing.

Main attractions

overview

The gate of the park is a three arch archway, and the three characters of "Qingliangshan" on the middle gate are written by Gong Xian, the owner of the building. On Qingliang mountain, places of interest can be found everywhere, such as "zhumapo", "ancient well of Southern Tang Dynasty", "Qingliang Temple", "Chongzheng academy" and "saoyalou". The plaque of "Deqing hall" was written by Li Yu. Every summer, empress Li often stayed here. Dong Yu's Dragon painting, Li Houzhu's Bafen calligraphy and Li Xiaoyuan's cursive calligraphy are the "three wonders" of the temple. There is a well in the temple, named baodaquan.

According to legend, the temple monk therefore well water, although the old hair is not white, it is also known as "Huanyang well". At the southern foot of Qingliang mountain is the former residence of Gong Xian, a famous patriotic poet and painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. The back slope of Qingliang mountain is Zhuge Wuhou's Zhuma slope. It is said that Zhuge Liang, who was in association with Wu kangcao, went to Jingkou to talk with Sun Quan in person. When he passed moling, he stayed for a short time to observe the mountains and rivers of moling on horseback. He left a famous saying that "Zhongfu is surrounded by dragons, Shicheng is surrounded by tigers, and the house of real Emperors".

There is a section of stone wall in the west of Qingliang, 6 meters long and 3 meters wide. Because the stone is mainly conglomerate, red, with purple and black rocks in the middle, it looks like a ferocious "ghost face", so it has become a ghost face city. It is said that before, this rock was as smooth as a mirror. Once, a mountain monster in Qingliang mountain came out to harm the common people. It was discovered by an immortal who was dedicated to killing demons in the world, so he pursued it closely. The mountain demon fled to this place, had no place to hide, and disappeared into the cliff. The immortal illuminated it with the demon mirror, and then the ghost face came out. The smooth mountain wall became what it is today. In order to prevent the mountain monster from escaping, the immortal set a mirror in front of the cliff and later turned it into a pond.

Zhumapo

Zhumapo is the earliest site of Qingliang mountain, and the earliest saying about "tiger dominates the dragon" comes from Zhuge Liang. In 208 A.D., Cao Cao's fleet of thousands of miles forced Liu Bei, who was born selling straw sandals, into a desperate situation. Thanks to Zhuge Liang's timely mission to Jiangdong and persuading Sun Quan, sun and Liu Deyi, who were less powerful, formed an alliance and defeated Cao Cao, thus performing the wonderful battle of Chibi. Historical records: Zhuge Liang once passed moling (today's Nanjing), and once rode a horse to carefully investigate the terrain of Nanjing at that time. He saw the mountains headed by Zhong mountain (Zijin Mountain), winding in the southeast like a black dragon, and the mountains with stone mountain (Qingliang mountain) as the end point, perched on the Bank of the Yangtze River like a fierce tiger. This natural scenery made him sigh This is the residence of the emperor. So he went back to admonish Sun Quan. Sun Quan moved his capital here in 211 and built a "stone city" on the basis of Jinling City. Qingliang mountain is called "Stone Mountain" for this reason. According to historical records, zhumapo is located in the gate of cool Shandong Province, where the famous calligrapher and painter Liu Haisu wrote "zhumapo" carved stone.

Sao Ye Lou

On the west side of the hillside, the Sawyer building is a three Bay, two-story, angle wood structure building, which is Gong Xian's old residence. Gong Xian (1619-1689), with half a thousand words, was a famous painter and poet in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. He settled in Qingliang mountain after the death of Ming Dynasty. He once made a self portrait, holding a broom in his hand to make a leaf shape, so it is called the leaf building.

Qingliang Temple

Qingliang temple, also known as shitouqingliang Avenue field and qingliangzhi temple, is located on Qingliang mountain in the west of Nanjing city. It is one of the 48 scenic spots of Jinling. The temple was formerly known as the Xingjiao temple built by Xu Wen in 921, the third year of Yang and Wu Shunyi in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Empress li of the Southern Tang Dynasty often came here to meditate and chant Buddhism, so it is also called "Summer Palace". In the first year of Shengyuan in the Southern Tang Dynasty (937), Li Jing took a summer vacation here and changed the name of the temple to "Shitou Qingliang Dachang". Later, Li Yu personally inscribed "Deqing hall". Wenyi lived in this temple and built fayanzong. It was rebuilt in 980. In 1402, it was rebuilt by Zhu Di and changed to qingliangzhi temple. "Qingliang asked Buddha" was listed as one of the "40 scenes of Jinling" in Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Sino Japanese War, cultural revolution and other disasters. It was rebuilt in 2003 and reopened in 2009.

There is only one five bay bungalow in Qingliang temple, with red walls and black tiles, Osmanthus fragrans and green bamboos planted around, and the word "ancient Qingliang Temple" written on the door. In front of the house, there is a circular gate with the words "Qingliang bieyuan". Behind the house, there is a six corner pavilion with an ancient well, which is called huanyangquan.

Chongzheng Academy

Chinese PinYin : Qing Liang Shan