Shentou spring

Shentou spring

Shentou spring, one of the 19 karst springs in Shanxi Province, is located in Shentou village, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. The spring area is 4756 square kilometers, and the distribution area of spring group is 5 square kilometers. There are more than 100 large and small springs, which discharge in the form of scattered flow. The annual average flow (1956-1984) is 8.15 cubic meters per second, and the maximum flow can reach 9.78 cubic meters per second. It is also called "West Lake beyond the Great Wall".

Geographical features

This place belongs to the high cold area of Saishang. In winter, thousands of miles of ice cover and thousands of miles of snow drift. However, the spring water here is kept above 14 degrees all the year round. The spring water is pure and crystal clear. In summer, grass grows on the beach, algae and duckweed are green in the water, fish play in the sand and water, geese, ducks and mandarin ducks swim around, herons, storks and red geese fly up and down. In winter, although the weather was very cold and the spit became ice, the river from Shentou village to the south of Mayi ancient city was not frozen. During the day, the water is clear and clear, flowing leisurely; at dawn, the water is steaming, and the white fog is diffuse, just like smoke and dust blocking the sun, and like snow, thick as cotton, white and clean, clean and wall; thin as gauze, floating. Standing on this bank, you can see the scenery on the other side. On both sides of the river bank, there are weeds and fallen leaves, and on the houses, haystacks and trees of the village within 10 Li, there are six flowers and cream, like jade and silver. Passers by, hair, eyebrows and beard immediately covered with frost. The bright frost flowers and the silver river bank are extremely pure and beautiful. When the sun rises, the water vapor on the river is thick and thin, and the light disappears. The frost on the ground begins to melt, and the frost falls on the trees one after another. After visiting the source of Sanggan River, the literati and officials of past dynasties often wrote poems when they saw the natural landscape of "Sanggan River is warm in winter". Wuyi Jinshi Wuwen (county magistrate of Gancheng) chanted:

The cloud trees are green, the dawn is shining, and the ferry head's family is called on the ferry head.

The broken bridge, the flowing water, the cold snow

The Mandarin gull fisherman falls, and the starry night becomes a building.

The mountain light is dimly shining on the sun, and has reflected the red Polygonum before the disaster.

Jinlongchi and shentouhai were scientifically developed by modern people in the 1980s. Shentouhai spring group belongs to total discharge type, with a water inflow of about 8 cubic meters per second and a maximum discharge of 9.63 cubic meters per second. In addition to agricultural water, it has also become one of the national key projects during the "sixth five year plan" period, and the production water of Shentou thermal power plant and many surrounding factories. Moreover, shentouhai spring has stable flow and excellent water quality, which is better than Laoshan and Jinci water. It has become a production base of valuable rainbow trout, and provides a broad development prospect for the production of high-quality health cold and hot drinks.

geographical position

Specific location

Range of spring area

Eastern border

South section: controlled by Mayi fault, the fault is stepped, and the buried depth increases in turn. The buried depth to the east of the fault is 800-1000 M. the overlying Cenozoic is mainly composed of sandy clay and clay, with good water resistance, forming a water blocking boundary. From north to south is Shuocheng's Dafu village Fushan Village Shenwu village Baobao village. The north section is the watershed between Maying River and Dayu River, which is located in the east wing of xiaojingzhuang syncline. It is composed of ancient metamorphic rock series and mud shale of Lower Cambrian system. From north to south, it is the line of madoutou pianling Ganzhuang Yugou daduzhuang (Fig. 6-2).

Northern border

On the line from xiaojingzhuang to pinglucheng to yangjiayao, with an elevation of 1450-1700m, the surface water flows northward into Shili River and Sandao river of the Yellow River, and southward into Maying river. From west to East, it is Baihu Tuancheng mahuangtou HeJiazhuang Hezhuang yuanbaozi lidingyao panjiayao. Basically, the watershed of Maying River, Shili River and Sandao river is the Yellow River system and Sanggan River system The watershed demarcation of the system.

Western border

North section: bounded by fault and heituoshan surface watershed. From north to south from erdaoliang - Liujiayao - xiashuitou - nuanya East. South section: from nuanya east to dayanbai, Yijing town to youlianggou, it is bounded by Tianqiao spring area. The groundwater level along the boundary is relatively high, for example, the water level of xinyizhuang hole in the north east of Shuozhou is 1461.1m, the water level of baidiangou hole is 1443.87m, the water level of baidaogou hole in the west is 1417.8m; the water level of nanxinzhuang in the east of Shenchi is 1243.48m, the water level of dahezhuang in the border area is 1246.14m, and the water level of Hezhi in the west side drops to 1235.4m. The overall composition is related to the groundwater ridge boundary of Tianqiao spring area.

Southern border

West Section: it is bounded by two nee trending faults and near NS trending Motianling fault in the south of Shenchi county and leimingsi spring area. From the west to the East, the boundary is from wudonggou to zhengzhanggou. Southeast segment: it is bounded by the connecting line of Ningwu syncline axis and surface water ridge. From west to East, from Miaoergou to huangtougou to xuejiawa to pandaoliang.

The above delimited Shentou spring area includes Shuocheng District, Pinglu district and Shanyin County of Shuozhou City, Zuoyun County of Datong City, Ningwu county and Shenchi County in the north of Xinzhou City, with a total area of 4756km, including 1102.6km of carbonate exposed area.

Shentou spring group, the largest karst spring group in North China, is located 14 kilometers northeast of Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. It is mainly composed of jinlongchi, wuhuaquan, shuiweisi, sanquanwan, huangdaoquan, yulongquan and Lianhuachi. The spring area is five square kilometers, and the maximum flow of spring water is 9.78 cubic meters per second. The spring water flows from west to East, converges and flows continuously in four seasons. It flows into Guanting reservoir, which is an important source of domestic water for people in Beijing.

Shentou spring is a beautiful scenic spot, known as the "plug on the West Lake" reputation. The spring water is clear, the water surface is like a mirror, the reflection of green mountains, and the shallow bottom of fish. There are green reeds growing in the lake. There are groups of wild ducks, wild geese, wild geese, cranes, storks, big white swans and other waterbirds swimming in the lake. The water temperature on the banks around is 14 ℃ - 14.5 ℃. On a hot day in midsummer, it is clear and cool; and in the middle of winter, the night is steaming and the water mist is swirling, which makes visitors feel like they are in a fairyland. Since ancient times, many writers have written poems to praise them.

Related records

Today's situation

For more than ten years, all the garbage of Shentou No.1 power plant has been dumped on the South Bank of wuhuaquan formation of Shentou spring group. In this way, a large number of industrial and domestic wastes enter Shentou spring group with the surface precipitation runoff, which leads to water pollution, serious sedimentation and water outlet obstruction in the spring area. In order to improve the water output of Shentou spring, improve the water quality of the spring, realize the sustainable utilization of water resources in the capital at the beginning of the 21st century, and enable the people in Beijing to drink clean, clean and sanitary Shentou spring water, approved by Shanxi Provincial Development Planning Commission (Shanxi Province) The state allocated 16.1 million yuan to protect and control the water source of wuhuaquan formation of Shentouquan group. The project started in the spring of 2006, mainly carrying out the construction of wuhuaquan formation silt cleaning and lake dike protection. By 2009, wuhuaquan formation has been treated to a certain extent. The wild geese, wild geese, cranes, storks, big white swans and other waterbirds that haven't been seen for many years fly back to Jinlong pool and wuhuaquan formation to play, hunt, nest and raise their nests. In the spring of 2011, twelve big white swans flew to the water surface of Jinlong pool to stay for a few days. So far, Jinlong pool and Wuhua spring have become paradise for birds. .

Ancient records

According to the records of Shuozhou written by Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, "Shentou mountain is in front of Hongtao mountain, 35 Li to the east of the state. There is shenpo site on the top and seven springs on the bottom, namely Luoshui, which connects with Mayi county. "The central fountain rises from the ground and is majestic; the water beside the pool is rippling and green; the bank is surrounded by willows and green. Jinlong lake is a famous scenic spot in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is called the West Lake outside the Great Wall. Yang Yikui, a Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty, a political envoy of Yunnan Province, and the author of furongguanji, wrote the verses of "the orchid is like the sky in the water" and "the moon is flowing freely". Shuozhou famous eight scenery "dragon pool night moon", "mulberry dry winter warm" said here. It is also one of the famous sources of Sanggan River. The mountain of Shentou is majestic and stretches thousands of miles; the spring of Shentou. Clear and bright, crystal clear.

Shentou spring has a long history and is famous far and near. According to the records of Shuozhou written by Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, "Shentou mountain is in front of Hongtao mountain, 35 Li to the east of the state. There is shenpo site on the top and seven springs on the bottom, namely Luoshui, which connects with Mayi county. "Shentouqiquan" refers to seven larger spring groups: shentouhai, sanquanwan, jinlongdi, qixinghai, wuhuaquan, Lianhuachi and molunwan. These spring formations formed many natural lakes between the four villages of dongshentou, xishentou, simapo and Xinmo. In addition, there are middle spring formations in xishentou village such as langjiaogou, Miaowan in jizai village, huihewan in Xinmo village, Xiaopu in Xiaopo village, cangwan in xiaxiguan village, Hougou in Changcheng village, Hewan in the south of Mayi City, guchengwan in xiyingsi village, and so on, while Xiaoquan formation cannot be calculated. From Shenxi village up to the ancient Huanzhou site in the south of Mayi City, there are 15 Li Long and half Li wide beaches, with nine bends and eighteen plates, small springs gushing out, and streams flowing slowly.

Moon at Dragon Pool in Shuozhou

Jinlongchi is the first spring at the source of Sanggan River, covering an area of more than 40 mu. Here, the spring is surging upward, and the lake is rippling with green waves. There is Shuiwei temple in the lake, and on the bank there is the Duke Temple of Eguo and the whorled willow twisted with one arm when Yuchi Gong captured Haima. It is here that one of the eight ancient Mayi sceneries, Longchi night moon, refers to. When night falls,

Chinese PinYin : Shen Tou Quan