Ancient city of Liqi

Li Li

synonym

The ancient city of Liqi generally refers to Liqi

Li Li, also known as Li Li, is an ancient Chinese city in the Western Han Dynasty. It was first recorded in 60 BC.

Located in jiaojiazhuang Township, Yongchang County, Jinchang City, Gansu Province, Liqi is an ancient Silk Road city and military fortress with an altitude of 2400 meters.

Li Li is famous for the hypothesis that the Roman Legion was exiled to China. This hypothesis holds that in 53 BC, when the seven Roman legions led by Krasu were defeated by the Sabbath army in the battle of Calais, Krasu's eldest son did not die. Instead, he led more than 6000 people of the first Legion to break through the line of defense and did not return to Rome. He did not know what the end was. He speculated that he might finally settle in Li'an village.

In 2007, through the genetic identification of the local people, scientists found that most of their Y chromosomes were native to East Asia, and most of the haplotypes had no relationship with the Romans.

There is no evidence for the hypothesis of "Roman Legion exiled in China".

Ancient pronunciation

lígān

Historical origin

In Cihai · Mabu · Liqi: "Liqi, the name of an ancient county, was established in the Western Han Dynasty. Li people in the western regions moved here, hence the name. After the Northern Wei Dynasty, he worked as a cadre and was abolished in the Sui Dynasty. The former site is in the south of Yongchang, Gansu Province. Zhang Zuo of the former Liang Dynasty sent a general to fight Li Li Rong in Nanshan. He was defeated and returned

Yan shigu's notes on geography in the book of Han Dynasty: "today's local people call Li Li, and they say that Li Qian. "According to the Sui annals, the emperor's central government was established, and Qianxian county was put into Fanhe, and this county was immediately established."

Yan shigu's notes on the biography of Zhang Qian in the history of the Han Dynasty said, "Wei is the state of Qin. Li County, Zhangye County, is named after this country. "

"Gan Ning Qing Shi Lue" said: "Li County, namely Liangzhou Nanshan Rongdi, Zhang Zuo Pai and Hao cut it, defeated and returned, in today's Yongchang County South."

In general annals of Gansu, Vol.2, No.13, Li county was abandoned. In the south of the county, the Han Dynasty, belongs to Zhangye county. Jin Dynasty belongs to Wuwei County. In the 10th year of Yonghe period, Zhang Zuo sent his troops to Nanshan to fight with Haofa. That's it. Yan shigu said that he took the name of the country as the county, and Li Li was late in revolt. Today, local people call Li Li, and they call Li Qian

Hypothesis hotspots

On September 30, 1989, a newspaper reprinted the AFP telegram that David Harris, an Australian teacher, found the remains of the Roman army in Gansu Province. Then the news media reported that the people's daily made a report on December 15 of the same year with the title of Yongchang, a city for the resettlement of Roman prisoners of war in the Western Han Dynasty, In the era of emperor yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, Liqi city was set up to accommodate Roman prisoners of war. This discovery not only solved the historical mystery of 53 BC when an ancient Roman army of more than 6000 people was defeated by the rest (Parthia, today's Iranian plateau) army in the battle of Kalai, but also had great significance to the history of Sino foreign relations. It is reported that historians of China, Australia and the Soviet Union made an important breakthrough in the study of Hanshu · biography of Chen Tang written by Ban Gu. According to the biography of Chen Tang, in 36 BC, Gan Yanshou, the governor of the western regions of Han Dynasty, and Chen Tang, the Deputy captain of the school, led more than 40000 soldiers to fight against Zhizhi Danyu of northern Xiongnu. In Zhizhi city (today's jiangbuer, Kazakhstan), they saw some strange troops, "more than 100 infantry, with old scales in the door, teaching and employing troops", "there is a heavy wood city outside the Tucheng". Only the ancient Roman army adopted this kind of formation of fish scale defense with round shields and the method of repairing "heavy wood City".

According to this historical data, the above-mentioned scholars of the Three Kingdoms believe that these people are the Roman remnant army who have been missing for 17 years. After Chen Tang killed Zhi Zhi Zhi, "he captured a hundred and forty-five people and more than a thousand people.". There were many Liqi people among the prisoners of war. In order to settle these Roman prisoners of war, the Western Han Dynasty set up Liqi city in Yongchang, Gansu Province.

Ancient city development

On May 21, 2013, the reporter saw at the construction site of the ancient town of Liqi that the main works of some buildings have begun to take shape. Five construction teams from Zhejiang, Sichuan and other places have set up camp here for intense construction. The scene of the scene is full of fire, breaking the former tranquility of the shenmi village of zhelaizhai. According to reports, the ancient city of Liqi project is a tourism industry investment project of Jinchang City, invested and constructed by the East Tianmu Mountain scenic spot in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The project will be built into a square castle. The main construction contents include: restoration of an ancient city of Li, ancient Roman style houses, Roman temples, ancient Roman street, ancient Roman square (Bernini Square).

According to the staff of the construction headquarters of the ancient city of Liqi, in May 2013, the main construction of the 300 meter wall in the north and the foundation construction of the 300 meter wall in the South have been completed. The wall is 10 meters wide and 5.6 meters high, with four gatehouses on all sides and four turrets on the four corners. After completion, it looks like a classical castle built of rammed earth, with houses inside. In May 2013, the main construction of a two-story small courtyard was completed. The core building "Pantheon" of the ancient city, with an investment of 30 million yuan, was constructed by Zhejiang Bada construction group and started construction in May 2013. The overall elevation of the building is 60 meters and is expected to be completed by the end of 2013. The jushiyuan project, which started at the same time as the Pantheon, will be completed in 2013. The construction of the ancient city of Liqi is expected to be completed by the end of 2013.

It is reported that the construction project of Liqi ancient city is one of the subprojects of Liqi Cultural Industrial Park in Yongchang County, and Liqi cultural industrial park is one of the key development and construction projects of tourism development in Jinchang City during the 12th Five Year Plan period, with an estimated total investment of 520 million yuan. According to the planning and design, the park will focus on seven major projects, namely "Lizhou ancient city, Lizhou Park, Lizhou film and Television City, Lizhou Food City, Lizhou Rome commercial city, Lizhou customs Park and Lizhou forest ecological park", to create the only classic tourism brand scenic spot with the integration of Chinese and western traditional culture as the background and the Sinicization of ancient Roman culture as the theme. A group of buildings with ancient Roman style is expected to stand at the foot of Qilian mountain within this year. In three years, it will become a unique brand tourist attraction in Jinchang city and even in the whole country.

Hypothesis explanation

As a place name, Liqi appeared as early as 60 BC, before Krasu was defeated. It could not be taken as a Greek word for the purpose of placing prisoners. The first syllable of the Greek word is often omitted in Central Asian languages. The pronunciation of "Kandahar" of Alexandria in Central Asian language is not the sound conversion of Liqi, not the source of the name. Li Li, also known as Li Li, refers to the ancient country of Seleucia. In the Greek language of Seleucia, the word ∑ε λ ε ι α is pronounced as "Lixuan" or "Lixuan" in the same way as in Chinese.

Chen Tang attacked and killed zhizhidan in 36 BC, nearly 20 years after the battle of Kalai. In the book of Han Dynasty, Chen Tang Zhuan said, "all the people who killed the Kaishi, the prince and the famous King were below the level of 1518, and they captured 145 people and more than 1000 people. They were given 15 kings by the states of Chengguo. It can be seen from this that Chen Tang had already allocated the capture to the 15 western regions countries that assisted the Han Army in fighting, and there was no record of bringing it back to the Han Dynasty, let alone Li.

In 2007, through genetic identification of the local people, scientists found that most of their Y chromosomes were native to East Asia, and most of the haplotypes had nothing to do with the Romans. They also pointed out that it was false news to report that the DNA of the local people had Roman ancestry. Liu guopeng, Institute of world religion, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, once wrote an article introducing the views of internationally famous Sinologist Bai Zuoliang The theory of "Roman Legion exiled in China" is the report of all kinds of news media, and the same news report also shows that it lacks enough scientific and documentary support.

Academic point of view

Once de Xiaoqian's viewpoint was put forward, it was immediately opposed by many historians. For a long time, there was no follow-up research. In 1989, Chen Zhengyi, a teacher of History Department of Lanzhou University, and David Harris, an Australian foreign teacher of English, a Russian foreign teacher, a Soviet scholar, and Professor Guan Yiquan OF NORTHWEST UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES (now Northwest University for Nationalities) agreed with de Xiaoqian. This hypothesis became a hot topic immediately after the spread of the media at home and abroad, and brought huge tourism revenue to Liqi village. However, these four scholars are not experts in this field and have never published relevant academic papers. Chen Zhengyi's book, the last mystery of the ancient Romans, is only a popular book. Although Chen Zhengyi claims to be written with reliable historical materials in his book, he perfunctorily links and imagines the key points, which is not a serious historical work. Professor Wang Shoukuan of the school of history of Lanzhou University thinks that the relevant statements are getting hotter and hotter. He is worried that if academic disputes are interfered by economic interests, and there is a situation of distorting or even fabricating history, then both experts and scholars and the media will fall into a moral crisis.

Confirmation of Han bamboo slips: Liqi city in Han Dynasty has nothing to do with Roman prisoners of war

On September 30, 1989, a newspaper reprinted the AFP telegram that David Harris, an Australian teacher, found the remains of the Roman army in Gansu Province. Then the news media reported that the people's daily made a report on December 15 of the same year with the title of Yongchang, a city for the resettlement of Roman prisoners of war in the Western Han Dynasty, In the era of emperor yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, Liqi city was set up to accommodate Roman prisoners of war. This discovery not only solved the problem of 53 BC, a group of more than 6000 people

Chinese PinYin : Li Jian Gu Cheng