Tomb of Yuan Haowen

Tomb of Yuan Haowen

Yuan Haowen's tomb is located in Hanyan village, 7.5km southeast of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. Nearby, the willows are verdant, the tomb is high, the stone is built around the tomb, and wengzhong is a stone beast. Leaning behind is the hall of enjoyment, with five bays and many steles. There are pavilions on the east side of the courtyard, with hexagonal structure. All the buildings are simple but not crude, simple but not vulgar. Yuanhaowen (1190-1257) is a relic mountain. He was very intelligent and good at poetry. Later, he became an official of Shangshu province. Jin was not an official when he died. He wrote a Book of dictatorship, including Yishan Ji, Zhongzhou Ji (ten volumes) and Yuefu (one volume). Now enter the yuan mausoleum, pine and cypress Road, tree shade, flower competition, stele forest, a school of ancient solemn cemetery atmosphere.

Yuan Haowen

Profile

Yuan Haowen, a native of Hanyan village, Xinzhou City, was born in the first year of Mingchang (1190). At the age of seven, he was able to write poems. At the age of 20, he wrote poems such as Jishan and Qintai. At the age of 31, he entered the country and became an official of the provincial government. After the fall of the Jin Dynasty, he was no longer an official and devoted himself to writing. Yuan Haowen's outstanding contribution lies in literature and history.

In literature, he was called a great master of literature in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. His poetry creation is quite rich, and there are more than 1360 poems that have been handed down to the present day, "ask the world what love is, and teach us to live and die together..." It is also widely spread because of the quotation of the hero. These poems inherited the realistic tradition of Chinese literature, and deeply reflected the social contradictions and people's hardships at that time. They came down in one continuous line with Du Fu's poems, and were called "Du Ling's school". Many of his poems were considered as "no such works after Shaoling (Du Fu)". In the aspect of historiography, after the fall of Jin Dynasty, as an elder of Jin Dynasty, he took historical events as his own duty, extensively collected historical materials, compiled unofficial history Renchen zabian and Zhongzhou Ji, and became important historical materials for later compilation of Jin history.

Features of works

Yuan Haowen's works are characterized by real content, sincere feelings, beautiful language but not flashy. His contemporaries and later generations have a high evaluation of his poetry. His friend, Xu Shilong, said: "as poems and essays, they all have considerable rules, and the style is a change. Li and Du, the great poets of Yishan, are bold and forthright in their temperament; Han and Ou, the masters of literature, are upright and clear, but have no strange, subtle and obscure words; Yuefu is fresh and fresh, and has the best system. They can also use vulgarity as elegance, change things and make new ones. They are not passed on by their predecessors. Dongpo and Jiaxuan will go down Another of his friends, Li Ye, even praised him as "the second Li (Li Bai, Li Yong) successor". Yishan collection, the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu, commented on Yuan Haowen, saying that "only when you are inquisitive can you learn to support others. During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Zhiran was a large number of articles, and Zhongzhou collection was written to preserve history with poetry, but it is not perfect. As for the works, they are deep and elegant in style, without the habits of the people who traveled to the south of the Song Dynasty, nor the loss of the ruggedness of Jiangxi. As for the ancient texts, they are well-organized and well-equipped, and the inscriptions on steles are especially legal. "

Yuan Haowen has four sons and five daughters. The eldest son, Yuanbi, was named Shuyi, who was the governor of Ruzhou; the second son, Yuanzhen, was named Shukai, who was named Taiyuan Lu shenzuo; the third son, Yuanzong, who was named Shugang, was supervised and printed by the province. The other son, a Xin, died early. Among the five women, the second was a female Taoist.

In 1257, Yuan Haowen died and was buried in the tomb of yuan family in Hanyan village, Xinzhou. Together with his great grandfather yuan Chun, grandfather yuan Zishan, father Yuan Deming and uncle yuan Ge, as well as his eldest son Yuan Fu and his eldest grandson yuan ruozu, they constitute a huge tomb group of the yuan family. More than 700 years ago, the tomb of the Yuan Dynasty has been well preserved after repair. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. In 1978, a large-scale repair was carried out, making the tomb of Yuan Dynasty a large-scale cemetery with a perimeter of 680 meters and an area of 44 mu.

brief introduction

Era: Yuan Dynasty

Address: one kilometer north of Hanyan village, Xizhang Township, Xinfu District

Yuan Haowen (1190-1257) was born in Xiurong, Taiyuan (now Xinfu District). He was a famous poet in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He once served as the county magistrate of Zhenping, Neixiang and Nanyang counties. Later he entered the Dynasty and became the governor of Zuo Si. He edited Renchen zabian and so on. The tomb is divided into two parts: Cemetery and unofficial Pavilion. It faces south and covers an area of 4096 square meters. In addition, 25 steles of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are preserved in the cemetery.

Located in the south of Xinzhou City. The cemetery is 33 meters long from east to west and 67 meters long from north to south. There are three halls in front of the tomb. Yuan Haowen, whose name is Yuzhi, is a famous poet and litterateur in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He was once a member of Shangshu Province in the Jin Dynasty. It is said that this is the place where Yuan Haowen wrote his books. The pavilion is 12 meters high with a portrait of Yuan Haowen in the middle. The pavilion is exquisitely designed and antique.

pattern

The cemetery is 33 meters long from east to west and 67 meters long from north to south. There are stone masonry around the tomb. There are three halls in front of the tomb, and many steles are embedded. There is a pavilion on the east side of the courtyard. The pavilion is 12 meters high and has a hexagonal structure. There is a portrait of Yuan Haowen in the middle. It is said that this is the place where Yuan Haowen wrote his books.

In the cemetery, there is the Yeshi Pavilion, the place where the legend Department compiles the Yeshi. It was rebuilt in the 13th year of the Republic of China. It is three feet high and six feet high. It is in the shape of a hexagon with a sharp top. The unofficial history pavilion has a unique design, exquisite construction, carved beams and painted buildings, and carved brackets. The pavilion is supported by six wooden pillars. On the main wall of the pavilion are stone carvings of yuanhaomen. On the left and right sides of the pavilion are six kinds of ink, either in regular script or in grass.

Entering the mausoleum of the Yuan Dynasty, there are pine and cypress paths, trees, flowers and steles. It is a simple and solemn mausoleum.

Unofficial History Pavilion

It is 144 meters wide from east to west and 171.7 meters long from south to north, covering an area of 24700 square meters. The pavilion has a height of 12 meters and a base of 2 meters. The inscription "unofficial history Pavilion" is written by Xu Jiyu. There are stone carvings of Yuan Haowen on the front wall of the pavilion, and the left and right are recorded in his life. In the north of the pavilion, there are three halls, named "chunlaixuan", with stone carvings of celebrities' poems and essays since the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties embedded in the walls. There are four buildings on both sides of the hall, which can be used for people who are hanging.

Although the "unofficial Pavilion" is a modern building, its design is ingenious. It is innovative on the basis of the traditional wooden structure. The carved beams and painted buildings are quite exquisite. It is very reasonable to match with the whole cemetery. In 1962, Yuan Haowen's tomb and its "unofficial history Pavilion" were designated as the provincial key cultural relic protection area. After years of maintenance and arrangement, it is more quiet and solemn. Since the cemetery was opened as a tourist area, there has been an endless stream of tourists from home and abroad. They admire Mr. Yishan's style and recall his achievements in the history of Chinese literature, which makes this ancient Chinese poet and litterateur's reputation go on forever.

Once in the courtyard, there are gates, unofficial Pavilion, main hall (qinglaixuan) on the central axis, and wing rooms on the East and West. The unofficial history Pavilion is built on a 1.7-meter-high platform with six corners and a sharp top. In the center of the pavilion, there are two stone tablets written by Yuan Haowen. The unofficial history Pavilion is mainly a room built in Yuan Haowen's courtyard for storing materials at that time. The original site and the original building no longer exist. The hexagonal pavilion is a new pavilion built by the cemetery to commemorate Yuan Haowen. Because his compilation of history is not an act of the government, but as a adherent of the former dynasty and a yewenren, he compiled the Jin Dynasty historical materials Renchen zabian and zhongzhouji, which are named "Ye". Inside and outside the pavilion are a large number of stone carvings of poetry and prose in Jin, yuan, Ming, Qing and even since the Republic of China, involving as many as 30 famous artists. From different angles, this paper introduces Mr. Yuan Haowen's family history, biography, and many poets' comments on him in different genres, which are all precious cultural relics.

Tomb of poet Yuan Haowen

Mr. Liu is 68 years old, so he occupies an area of 6.8 mu. His design can be refined and good. Facing the south, the cemetery is 33 meters long from east to west, 67 meters long from north to south, 3 meters high and 6 meters in diameter. There are three roll shed top hall in front of the tomb, one pair of Shihu, one pair of Shiyang and one pair of shiwengzhong in Yuan Dynasty. There are 25 steles of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties preserved in the hall. One of them is the Sanchi tombstone rescued by the local cultural management office from the farmer's field. Although the tombstone is damaged and incomplete, the words "Tomb of poet yuan Yishan" can still be recognized. The six characters on the tablet are the instructions of the dying man. The implication can only be interpreted from the words between the lines. It is the witness of the history of 700 years ago, and the real historical materials for the study of Mr. Yuan Haowen in the past 750 years.

history

It is located in the northwest of Hanyan village, five kilometers south of Xinzhou City. The brick arched gate of the yuan mausoleum is inscribed with "Tomb of the Yuan Dynasty", which is the handwriting of Wang Benzhi, the governor of Xinzhou during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. On one side of the yuan tomb, there are many steles, which record Yuan Haowen's life and achievements in detail. The huge tombs of the yuan family, more than 700 years ago, have been well preserved through the repair of past dynasties, and are now the key cultural relics protection units in Shanxi Province.

Location

Xinzhou City is known as "the key of northern Shanxi". It is adjacent to Datong and Shuozhou in the north, Taiyuan in the south, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia across the Yellow River in the west, and Hebei in the East. Located in the north central part of Shanxi Province, it governs 12 counties, 185 townships and 4971 administrative villages, covering a total area of 25472 square kilometers, including Xinfu District, Yuanping City, Dingxiang, Wutai, Daixian, Fanshi, Ningwu, jingle, Shenchi, Wuzhai, Kelan, Hequ, Baode and Pianguan.

By the end of 2007, the total population was 3.069 million, including 1.027 million urban population and 2.042 million agricultural population. The majority of the population is Han nationality

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