Two town sites

Two town sites

The site of Liangcheng town is located in the northwest of Liangcheng Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, to the west of jiaori highway (National Highway 204), to the northwest of the government of the two towns, and to the east of Tongsan highway.

The sites of the two towns are about 990 meters from east to west and 100 meters from north to south, covering an area of about 1 million square meters. About half of the site overlaps with the two towns. The overlapped area extends to the east of two villages and one village committee in two cities in the East, to two villages in two cities in the south, to the west of "dagudun" in the west, and to the East low-lying area by bypassing "yangudun" in the north. The site is the highest in the northwest, and inclines to the southwest and northeast.

In 1977, the Liangcheng site was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Shandong provincial government,

In 2005, it was listed in 100 major sites protection projects by the State Administration of cultural relics,

In 2006, it was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Historical evolution

In 1934, two town sites were found.

In 1936, the Institute of history and language of Academia Sinica excavated the two towns for the first time.

In 1958, the Cultural Bureau of Shandong province carried out a comprehensive survey and trial excavation of the two town sites, opened two exploratory ditches, exposed an area of 40 square meters, and cleaned up a children's tomb.

In 1995, with the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, the Department of Archaeology of Shandong University, Yale University and the Chicago Museum of history conducted a regional survey of the surrounding areas centered around the two towns for six consecutive years.

In 1999, Archaeology Department of Shandong University, Yale University and Chicago History Museum excavated the two towns.

Site features

The sites of the two towns are about 990 meters from east to west and 100 meters from north to south, covering an area of about 1 million square meters. About half of the site overlaps with the two towns. The overlapped area extends to the east of two villages and one village committee in two cities in the East, to two villages in two cities in the south, to the west of "dagudun" in the west, and to the East low-lying area by bypassing "yangudun" in the north. The site is the highest in the northwest, and inclines to the southwest and northeast.

The cultural layer of the two towns is 2-5 meters thick, with rich cultural connotations. The cultural layer is dominated by Longshan cultural layer, with relics of Zhou Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. Longshan cultural layer is the representative cultural layer of the two cities and towns sites, which is common in the sites. The accumulation of the sites in the two towns can be divided into two areas: one is the area with dense accumulation of cultural layer. The area is located in the northern part of the site, including six villages, seven villages, eight villages, six villages west, six villages and seven villages northwest. The cultural layer in this area is well preserved. Most of the cultural layers are deposited between 1 m and 1.5 m, and the deepest in some areas is more than 3 m. however, some of the cultural layers have been damaged or even no longer exist. There are a large number of house sites, ash pits, tombs and trenches in this area, and the unearthed relics are also very rich. Second, the cultural layer is relatively thin.

Cultural relics

There are mainly jade, stone, bone, pottery, biological specimens and other relics unearthed from Liangcheng town site. The jades unearthed from Liangcheng town site are yellow green, turquoise green, turquoise green, dark green, grayish green and black. Most of the stone tools unearthed from Liangcheng town sites are axes, axes, chisels and arrowheads, while knives, spears, shovels and spinning wheels are rare. There is also a special tool, namely grindstone, whose stone has great limitations. So far, only products with brown sandstone have been found. Most of the human skeletons unearthed from the tombs of Liangcheng town are poorly preserved. Most of these skeletons were unearthed in ash pits, and most of them were found in garbage pits. The pottery unearthed from Liangcheng town site is mainly black pottery, followed by gray pottery, and a small amount of red pottery, brown pottery, yellow pottery and white pottery. The pottery types are mostly beans, pots, cups, Shao, Ding, and covers. According to the quality of pottery, it can be divided into three types: fine clay pottery, sandy pottery and pottery with other raw materials.

More than 50 house sites have been found in the two town sites. According to the shape, these house sites can be divided into three types: round, square and rectangular. According to the construction technology, they can be divided into ramming house site, adobe house site, wood wall, mud bone house site and earth stone wall house site. Some of the houses are built by digging foundation trench, some by building walls on flat ground, and some by building on platform. In terms of the area of the Yang house site, the largest house site in the site is about 100 square meters. There are traces of burning at the time of sacrifice near the house site. There are living Laban pits, several pillar holes, and storage pits similar to modern cellars. In these underground warehouses, there are pottery used for sacrificing different objects, which are stored orderly in different levels.

The tombs excavated at the sites of the two towns, both for adults and children, are rectangular caves with no burial utensils. Most of the tombs are east by North, and the burial style is mainly upward body and straight limbs, and some of them are downward body. The distribution of ash pits is very dense. According to the shape of ash pits, they can be divided into three types: round, oval and irregular. These ash pits can be divided into garbage pits, holding pits and sacrificial pits. A large number of pottery pieces, plant roots, fruits, seeds and animal bones were unearthed in some ash pits. The broken rate of ceramic pieces in the ash pit is very high, and there is almost no restorable pottery. These ash pits are obviously used as garbage pits. The wall and bottom of some ash pits have been specially processed to make them smooth. Some of them still have rotten plant seeds at the bottom, which are used as storage pits or warehouses for grain. A large number of restorable pottery were unearthed in some ash pits, which should be used for sacrificing different objects.

Research value

Most of the jades unearthed from the two towns sites are Xiuyan Jade, so the raw materials of the jades may come from Liaodong Peninsula. This is of positive significance to the study of foreign exchange of Longshan ancestors in Rizhao area.

Stone like chain utensils, pole utensils, needle stones and spinning wheels were also found in the two towns. These artifacts play an irreplaceable role in the study of social culture, production and life of Longshan culture.

Arrow, spinning wheel and pottery bird unearthed from Liangcheng town are rare, especially pottery bird is an important cultural relic in Longshan culture period.

In 2000, a complete pig skeleton was excavated from Liangcheng town site, which is extremely rare in other sites. It plays an extremely important role in studying the domestication degree of animals in Longshan culture period.

protective measures

In 1977, the site of Liangcheng town was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Shandong provincial government.

In 2005, it was listed in 100 major sites protection projects by the State Administration of cultural relics.

In 2006, it was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Tourism information

geographical position

The site of Liangcheng town is located in the northwest of Liangcheng Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, 22.5km to the north of the government, to the west of jiaori highway (National Highway 204), to the northwest of the government of Liangcheng town and to the east of Tongsan highway.

 

 

Traffic information

Starting from Rizhao City, through Beijing Road and Beijing North Road, we arrive at the ruins of the two towns.

Address: Liangcheng Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City

Longitude: 119.57653188705

Latitude: 35.578199384762

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Liang Cheng Zhen Yi Zhi