Shibi Village

Shibi Village

As a village name, Shibi village is known as Shibi village in Jingning County, Zhejiang Province, Shibi village in Panyu County, Guangdong Province, and Shibi village in Ninghua County, Fujian Province. Among them, Ninghua Shibi village is the birthplace of Hakkas, and Panyu Shibi village is the location of Guangzhou new railway station.

Shibi village is located in the west of Ninghua County, Sanming City, Fujian Province, at the east foot of Wuyishan Mountain on the border of Fujian and Jiangxi. It is 25 kilometers away from the county seat. It is now an administrative village of Hekou township (renamed Shibi town in 1993). It is a relatively open basin with dense forests in history. From a distance, it looks like a green barrier, hence the name Yuping. In the middle of Tang Dynasty, it was renamed as "Shi Bi". In the Five Dynasties, it was changed to "Bi" again, and later to "Bi" which is used today. The ancient name "Shibi" refers to the village, also refers to the region, including some surrounding villages, Shibi is a center, is the synonym of these areas.

Shibi village in Ninghua is a famous Hakka Ancestral place.

According to the general genealogy of he family in China, he Ziyuan, the founder of modern Chinese education and the founder of the 1911 Revolution, was the 19th grandson of niansilanggong (yuanmeigong), the founder of he's family, who moved to Meizhou in Ninghua. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, during the Qingming and Chongyang festivals, the descendants of he and other representatives of Hakka descendants who lived in Chaomei would go back to "Shibi" to seek their roots Ancestor worship is unprecedented.

Hakka ancestral land

In Chinese history, a large number of Han people from the Central Plains moved to the South because of war, famine, war disaster, government's encouragement, arrangement, foreign economy and other factors. These Han people who moved south were called Hakkas in history. The migration of Hakkas began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but the formation of the Hakka clan began after the Five Dynasties. After the Five Dynasties, the immigrants were called authentic Hakkas. Most of them passed through Ninghua Shibi (now known as "Shibi"). After living in Shibi for several generations and even hundreds of years, he moved to Western Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Southeast Asia. So most of them said that the first ancestor came from Shibi, which naturally became the second ancestral home of these Hakkas.

There are big locust trees in the north and Shibi village in the south. Shibi in Ninghua is the cradle and ancestral place of Hakka. Shibi is an administrative village in Shibi town of Ninghua county. It is located in the west corner of Ninghua County, adjacent to Shicheng County of Jiangxi Province, 22 kilometers away from the county seat, beside the highway of Fu Wu line (Wuliting at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi). The appellations of "shibidong", "Shibi village", "Shibi Liao" and "Shibi city" mentioned in historical materials are only a local concept, which generally refers to a region, namely Shibi basin, with a total area of nearly 200 square kilometers, including Shibi Town, Huaitu Township and part of Fangtian and Jicun township. Shibi village is located in the center of this area, and it is also the political, economic and cultural center of this area in history.

Shibi is known as "the transit station of Hakka's southward migration", "the central region of the formation of Hakka people", "the cradle of Hakka", "the ancestral place of Hakka" and "the pilgrimage center of Hakka people in the world". This is the result of the research of scholars at home and abroad from a large number of historical data, which has its full basis.

Hakka folk custom

Ninghua Shibi is the birthplace of Hakka folk culture. The most primitive Hakka dialect is formed here, the oldest Hakka folk art, folk songs and operas are introduced and spread here, the most primitive Hakka costumes are produced here, and the earliest Hakka customs are continued here. As a result of the war, a large number of Han people in the Central Plains left their homes and moved to the combination of Fujian and Jiangxi with Ninghua Shibi as the center. At that time, the Hakkas who concentrated in Ninghua or Shibi came from more than 50 prefectures and counties in eight provinces, which also shows that they were scattered before they came to Ninghua and did not form a special ethnic group. There are two main reasons why Hakkas come to Ninghua (Shibi) from all directions: first, natural conditions. Shibi is a flat basin with an area of 200 square kilometers. It has fertile land and provides favorable living conditions. The main stream of Hakkas comes from Jiangxi Province. Wuyishan is separated at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi. The pass from Shicheng to Shibi is lower than other passes at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi, which has convenient transportation. Ninghua is the source of Minjiang River, Ganjiang River and Hanjiang River, which has convenient waterway transportation. Second, man-made conditions. Ninghua, especially Shibi, was developed earlier. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, there was no war and the society was stable. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Yellow nest uprising army went from north to south, from Jiangxi and Zhejiang to Fujian and Guangdong, and then went north to Jiangxi. After a long circle, it did not enter Ninghua, and Ninghua became a "paradise". As Taiwan's Chen Yundong said in his book Hakka people, "Ninghua, Fujian Province is located in the south of Jiangxi Province, surrounded by high mountains in the northwest, which is like a paradise in the world, especially the safest place to take refuge at that time. Therefore, most of these refugees moved to Ninghua." The Hakkas, who moved to Shibi as the center, lived and multiplied for hundreds of years in a stable environment. They combined the culture and language of the Han people in the Central Plains with the local culture and language, resulting in a culture and language that not only retains the ancient style of the Central Plains, but also has new changes. It is different from other ethnic groups of the Han nationality, which is called Hakka culture and Hakka language, thus forming the Hakka ethnic group. According to the textual research, the Hakka clan was formed in the Song Dynasty. Ninghua is a Hakka area. It not only has typical Hakka culture and language, but also many of them are formed in Ninghua and spread to other Hakka areas. Ninghua obviously reflects the Hakka culture and language as a link between the past and the future. Ninghua (or Shibi) is not only called "the central region of the formation of Hakka people", but also called "the cradle of Hakka culture and language".

Because of its special position in the history of Hakka, Shibi is regarded as "holy land" and "totem" by Hakka people and historians. In recent years, Hakkas, scholars and journalists at home and abroad have come to visit their ancestors and study.

Hakka Ancestral Hall

Since 1992, the people's Government of Ninghua county has invested money, with the help of Sihai rural sages, to build Hakka Ancestral Hall and supporting buildings in Shibi village. Taking the Hakka Ancestral Hall as the main body, the park, reception station, management room, promenade, archway, Hakka Road, stele Pavilion, Gongde stele, Yuping hall, stele forest, Wenbo Pavilion, Kehai temple and other facilities have been built successively, covering an area of more than 10000 square meters, with a total investment of 7.9 million yuan. The Hakka Ancestral Temple, the main building of Shibi Hakka Ancestral area, is located on Tulou mountain of Shibi village, with Wuyi mountain behind and Shibi basin in front. It is symmetrical near the mountain and surrounded by distant mountains. The ancestral hall is in the form of an antique palace, with cornices, brackets, carved beams and painted buildings. The main body of the ancestral hall covers an area of 3000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 5000 square meters. It is divided into three halls: the front hall, the middle hall and the back hall. The front hall (also known as the lower corridor) is used for resting and displaying the source information of surnames; the middle hall is the main hall, also known as Yuping hall, which is called Shenzu hall. In the hall, 160 ancestral deities of Hakka surnames are worshiped for worship, and more than 300 people can worship their ancestors at the same time. The back hall, known as Wenbo Pavilion, is used to display Hakka culture, collect genealogies and cultural relics for viewing, searching and reading. Ye Xuanping, former vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), personally wrote for the plaque of the ancestral hall - "Hakka Ancestral Hall". The temple is open and beautiful with gorgeous scenery. Kehai temple on the left side of the temple is resplendent, fragrant and smoky. It is an ideal place for religious pilgrimage. Its main building is basically completed. The "forest of Steles" on the right side of the temple can be used for erecting steles, sightseeing and viewing. Just below the temple, there is a stele Pavilion. In the simple and elegant Pavilion, there is a large stone tablet. On the front of the pavilion, there is an inscription of "Hakka soul" written by Yao Meiliang, a justice of the peace and a Hakka sage. On the back of the pavilion, there is an inscription of the temple. Five hundred meters away from Gongci is the main highway from Fuzhou to Jiangxi. Next to the highway is the open welcome square. At the entrance of Gongci, there stands a magnificent archway. The horizontal plaque of the archway is engraved with General Yang Chengwu's ink treasure - "Hakka ancestral land". On the right side of the archway is the reception hall, Lei teahouse, corridor and the ancient buildings "Derun Pavilion" and "Weifan bridge". The archway and the ancestral hall are connected by the "Hakka road". The "Hakka road" is more than 500 meters long and was donated by Malaysian bureaucrats Yao senliang and Meiliang Kunzhong.

Grand ceremony of ancestor worship

Since the completion of the Hakka Ancestral Temple in 1995, there has been an annual "ancestor worship ceremony of the world's Hakka Shibi ancestral place", and October of each year has been designated as "ancestor worship month". During the grand ceremony of ancestor worship (from October 15 to 17 of the Gregorian calendar every year), many Hakkas at home and abroad gathered in Shibi to visit their ancestors. They took part in the grand ceremony of ancestor worship. There were five procedures: Birthday Ceremony, guard of honor, music and dance, principal affairs and ceremony. Then they consulted the genealogy and other historical materials, tasted Hakka wine maidens and Shibi tea, enjoyed Hakka folk songs, dances and other artistic performances, and held the grand ceremony of ancestor worship They are solemn, grand, classical, rich in folk literature and art programs, and full of Hakka complex. In 1997, the first Hakka Cultural Tourism Festival in Fujian Province was held. In 2000, the 16th World Hakka kinship ceremony was held in West Fujian. As an important part of the ceremony, Shibi ancestor worship ceremony has greatly surpassed the previous ancestor worship ceremonies in scale and momentum, and caused a sensation among Hakkas at home and abroad. Nowadays, with the increasing popularity of Hakka root seeking in China, there is an endless stream of overseas Hakkas who come to Shibi Hakka Ancestral place to find their roots and worship their ancestors. Shibi Hakka Ancestral place has increasingly become a pilgrimage center for Hakkas from all over the world.

Address: Shibi village, Ninghua County, Sanming City

Longitude: 116.51292419434

Latitude: 26.244234085083

Chinese PinYin : Shi Bi Cun