Yuhua cave

Yuhua cave

Yuhua cave is located 7 kilometers south of Jiangle County, Fujian Province, covering an area of 43 square kilometers.

Yuhua cave is located at the foot of Tianjie mountain, 5km southeast of Jiangle County. It is named for its smooth and shining rocks. It is the largest limestone cave in Fujian Province. The total length of the cave is about 6 km, and there are two channels, which are composed of 6 branch caves including zanghe cave, Leigong cave, Guozi cave, Huangni cave, Xiyuan cave and Baiyun cave, and 3 Xiaoyin rivers with a width of 1-3 meters, including Shiquan, Jingquan and Lingquan.

In May 2002, Yuhua Cave Scenic Spot was approved by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key scenic spots.

The scenic spot will be open to medical workers free of charge from the date of its restoration to December 31, 2020.

Historical evolution

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, villagers discovered Yuhua cave. Since then, some people have visited it.

After visiting Yuhua cave, Yang Shi, a neo Confucianist, was the first person to write poems for Yuhua cave.

In the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1573-1619), Liao Jiufeng compiled seven volumes of Yuhua cave records.

In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Xu Xiake visited Yuhua cave, Tianjie mountain and Mingtai temple and wrote down his travel notes.

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1662-1722), Liao Yunyou, a native of the city, revised the records of Yuhua cave.

In 1987, the people's Government of Jiangle County officially developed the Yuhua cave for the purpose of developing the tourism industry. All kinds of lights were decorated inside the Yuhua cave, making the Yuhua cave look like a fairyland. Thus, the history of Yuhua cave which has been burning for more than 2000 years since the Eastern Han Dynasty ended. At the same time, the Yuhua cave Management Bureau has been set up with management personnel and service facilities.

In 1991, Yuhuadong scenic spot was approved as a provincial scenic spot by Fujian Provincial People's government.

In 1993, Baohua cave paradise was built and opened to the outside world, and Yinhua cave was officially opened to the outside world. Fujian urban and rural planning and Design Institute has completed the master plan outline of Yuhua Cave Scenic Area. On October 1 of the same year, the animal specimen museum of Yuhuadong scenic spot and Yanzidong Museum, the first cave Museum in Fujian Province, were officially opened to the public.

In 1995, tianjieshan Park was officially opened. In 1996, the people's Government of Fujian Province reported to the State Council that Yuhua Cave (karst cave group) should be listed as a national key scenic spot.

In June 1997, Shanghai Tongji University urban planning and Design Institute completed the master plan of Yuhua Cave (karst cave group) scenic area. On September 12 of the same year, the Fujian Provincial People's government made a supplementary report to the State Council, which once again requested that the scenic spot of leyuhua Cave (karst cave group) be listed as a national key scenic spot, and the scope of the scenic spot be expanded to 43 square kilometers.

In 2002, Yuhuadong scenic spot was approved by the State Council as a national key scenic spot.

geographical environment

geographical position

Yuhua Cave (karst cave group) scenic spot is located in the northwest of Fujian Province, Southeast of Wuyi Mountains and the middle and lower reaches of Jinxi, a tributary of Minjiang River, between 117 ° 26 ′ 47 ″ - 117 ° 26 ′ 28 ″ E and 26 ° 49 ′ - 26 ° 58 ′ n. The shortest distance between the scenic spots and the county seat is 3 km and the farthest distance is 18 km.

Climatic characteristics

Yuhuadong is located in the middle subtropical region, with a continental degree of 54. It has the characteristics of continental climate, and is also affected by the marine climate. It belongs to the middle subtropical monsoon climate. Climate features: four distinct seasons, no intense heat in summer, less severe cold in winter, hot and rainy at the same time, obvious dry and wet, affected by monsoon and topography.

Cause of formation

Yuhua cave is a limestone cave. The causes of karst cave landscape in Yuhua Cave (karst cave group) scenic spot mainly include geological, chemical and physical causes. Under the suitable climate conditions and the joint participation of water and air, after a long period of time, it has formed a unique magical landscape with magnificent, dazzling and mysterious scenery.

In the Late Carboniferous (about 296 million years ago), there was a vast ocean, which formed a variety of tropical and subtropical carbonate platforms and carried out carbonate deposition. The sedimentation lasted for 19 million years, depositing more than 100 meters of pure limestone (Chuanshan formation C3c). Since then, more than 200 meters thick impure limestone shuangni siltstone (Early Permian Qixia Formation p2q) has been deposited, followed by marine mudstone (Wenbishan formation p1w), coal bearing clastic rock of marine continental interaction (Tongziyan Formation p1T), river lake clastic rock (early Late Permian cuipingshan formation p2cp), marine mudstone (late Permian Dalong formation P2D), marine calcareous peat and silt The total thickness is more than 1000 meters. During the Triassic period from 243 million to 231 million years ago, extensive Indosinian orogeny took place. Under the influence of this orogeny, it ended transgression, uplifted into mountains and suffered denudation. The Yanshanian movement in the late Jurassic and Cretaceous, which was 213 million years ago, affected the area and formed a graben. The old strata of Mayuan formation thrust upward and the Chuanshan formation fell down, so they were preserved. Since then, more than 100 million years later, the new overlying strata have been eroded. In the Tertiary period more than 3 million years ago, the North-South fault, which may have occurred in the Yanshanian period, changed from compression torsion to tension. It crossed the middle part of tianjieshan mountain from the mountain newly formed by Mayuan formation in the south, and developed into a large valley along the southern part of the fault. So far, the landscape outline of the scenic spots has been established. After that, the crust gradually uplifted, and the strata where the caves were located were uplifted into the vadose zone, and the karstification was active.

Chemical dissolution and deposition of carbonatite is water containing carbonic acid and other acids. When it flows through the cracks of carbonatite, it dissolves a large amount of calcium carbonate and becomes saturated calcium bicarbonate solution. When the saturated aqueous solution changes in temperature and pressure, the carbon dioxide in the solution evaporates and dissipates, resulting in the precipitation and crystallization of calcium carbonate. Chemical dissolution and deposition are affected by the mode of water activity, flow rate, weather and other factors. Chemical dissolution plays an important role in the formation of caverns and channels. The main forms of chemical sediments are as follows: 1. The discontinuous flow at the top of the tunnel is formed by dripping water, and the corresponding deposits are formed from the dropping point to the falling point, mainly including stalactite, stalagmite and stone pillar. When the underground water seeps into the cave, it is deposited into a small protrusion at the top of the cave, and gradually deposited into a rod shape. After a long period of deposition, it is lengthened and thickened to form stalactites. The water drips along the stalactites and spreads at the bottom of the cave to form a plate-shaped stone cake, which gradually accumulates and thickens. The dripping part of the stone cake thickens faster than other parts, so it develops upward into stalagmites. The stalactites butt with the stalagmites to form stone pillars. 2、 There are flowing stones in the cave wall. It is formed by the continuous movement of water in the wall of the cave - film water, mainly in the form of stone mantle and stone waterfall. 3、 Flow stone at the bottom of the cave. It is formed by flowing water at the bottom of the cave, mainly in the form of terraced fields and travertine slabs. The stone terraces are formed by intermittent overflow. When the underground water flows along the bottom of the cave, the water flow is disturbed and the velocity changes at the slightly uplifted terrain, which leads to the accelerated escape and in-situ deposition of carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate, and gradually forms a water blocking shitiancheng, which forms a terraced Shitian. In addition, there are stone grapes and stone corals formed by splashing, which are usually epiphytic on the precursors.

The physical causes of karst cave landscape are water erosion, deposition and collapse. The dissolution of carbonate rock by acid water is intensified under the condition of flow, and the flow rate is proportional to the dissolution. The main features are ripple, nest and groove. The stream source in Yuhua cave and the side channel in Huangni cave are very spectacular, which is closely related to the formation of underground river. The Baiyun cave in Yuhua cave is a dome cave. The formation of the dome cave is related to the later collapse transformation. The huge collapse objects near the back cave are more than 20 meters high. Cock crows the dawn, also known as cockscomb stone, which is the collapse stone. In the early Pleistocene of the Quaternary period from 1.2 million to 3 million years ago, the underground ballroom passage and Baiyun cave on the fourth floor of Yuhua cave were basically formed. From 1.2 million to 400000 years ago, in the Middle Pleistocene of the Quaternary, the third layer of Guozi cave in Yuhua cave and the second layer of Leigong cave and Huangni cave were formed. In the late Pleistocene, the first layer of fan passage, zanghe cave and Xiyuan cave were formed.

The formation of Karst Cave Scenic spots is the result of the joint action of geological structure, activity, air in the cave vadose zone and the mode of seepage. The process not only changes at any time, participates in each other, transforms each other, but also continues.

Scenic spots in the cave

overview

Yuhua cave has two passageways, which are composed of six branch caves, including zanghe cave, Leigong cave, Guozi cave, Huangni cave, Xiyuan cave and Baiyun cave, and three Xiaoyin rivers, including Shiquan, Jingquan and Lingquan, which are 1-3 meters wide and less than knee deep.

There are 166 sceneries in the cave, such as "Qionglouyuyu", "thirsty dragon drinking water", "dawn", "penglaicui", "Eagle independence" and "wind floating teardrop candle". All of them are formed by limestone dissolution. Among them, "immortal field", "alchemy furnace", "litchi pillar", "dragon going out to sea" and "boy worshiping Guanyin" are the most lifelike.

The entrance is "a wind", the wind is not only heard, but the exit is "five watch day", which can make people experience the scenery from dim to bright.

A breeze

One fan channel is 55 meters long, 2-4 meters wide and 1.5-4 meters high. It is distributed in a zigzag corridor to the north and south. Come to the mouth of the cave

Chinese PinYin : Yu Hua Dong